Therapists in Missoula, MT

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Photo of Rebecca Spencer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Rebecca Spencer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802  (Online Only)
People are often drawn to therapy by a catalyst, a traumatic experience or formative moment awakens a troubling realization that all is not right. Whether we lean on unhealthy coping skills, abuse drugs or alcohol, engage in toxic relationships, or any number of other visible actualizations of internal struggle, the trauma makes itself known and heard. Engaging therapy is an important first step in facing those emotions and beginning to re-process them in a manner that serves the self and paves a road forward.
People are often drawn to therapy by a catalyst, a traumatic experience or formative moment awakens a troubling realization that all is not right. Whether we lean on unhealthy coping skills, abuse drugs or alcohol, engage in toxic relationships, or any number of other visible actualizations of internal struggle, the trauma makes itself known and heard. Engaging therapy is an important first step in facing those emotions and beginning to re-process them in a manner that serves the self and paves a road forward.
(406) 732-7938 View (406) 732-7938
Photo of Cory Smith Time To Thrive Pllc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Cory Smith Time To Thrive Pllc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59803
I thrive on helping others heal and get to where they want to be in life. I feel that people usually come to therapy because something is not working in their life and change needs to happen but they are not sure how. I am passionate about my work and strive to help others every day. I am flexible with my approach as we are all different and I will follow your lead with what works best for you. I think that humor and connection are very important in a therapeutic relationship so that we can laugh and cry and I am able to push you at times to help you reach your goals.
I thrive on helping others heal and get to where they want to be in life. I feel that people usually come to therapy because something is not working in their life and change needs to happen but they are not sure how. I am passionate about my work and strive to help others every day. I am flexible with my approach as we are all different and I will follow your lead with what works best for you. I think that humor and connection are very important in a therapeutic relationship so that we can laugh and cry and I am able to push you at times to help you reach your goals.
(406) 344-1257 View (406) 344-1257
Photo of Kate Spencer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Kate Spencer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, SWLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59808
Hello! I am passionate about working with teens. You’re probably reading this because you’re the parent of a teenager and facing new challenges and worries. Your love and dedication are truly making a difference. And you deserve some support in guiding them! The early teen years are full of newness and energy and lots of confusion and awkwardness. At this transitional stage, young individuals are caught between the innocence of childhood and the complexities of adolescence. They’re facing a whirlwind of physical, emotional, and social changes – social media, privacy, sexuality, increasing academic demands, and a changing body.
Hello! I am passionate about working with teens. You’re probably reading this because you’re the parent of a teenager and facing new challenges and worries. Your love and dedication are truly making a difference. And you deserve some support in guiding them! The early teen years are full of newness and energy and lots of confusion and awkwardness. At this transitional stage, young individuals are caught between the innocence of childhood and the complexities of adolescence. They’re facing a whirlwind of physical, emotional, and social changes – social media, privacy, sexuality, increasing academic demands, and a changing body.
(406) 747-0556 View (406) 747-0556
Photo of Jonathan Sky Cova, Counselor in Missoula, MT
Jonathan Sky Cova
Counselor, MA, LCPC, LAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59802
We can make immediate progress. My mission is to help you find your inner strengths and cut to the chase of living a valued life. Worried about your place in life? Doing unhelpful behaviors? Stuck in your thoughts? Not able to commit to the actions to increase your effectiveness? I can help you navigate emotional, behavioral, and thinking challenges, helping you focus on what's important in your life. Looking forward to helping you navigate!
We can make immediate progress. My mission is to help you find your inner strengths and cut to the chase of living a valued life. Worried about your place in life? Doing unhelpful behaviors? Stuck in your thoughts? Not able to commit to the actions to increase your effectiveness? I can help you navigate emotional, behavioral, and thinking challenges, helping you focus on what's important in your life. Looking forward to helping you navigate!
(406) 612-1525 View (406) 612-1525
Photo of Edward P. Moriarity, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Edward P. Moriarity, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59802
I believe we develop our ability to thrive from not only our individual gifts, but also our personal responses to life's challenges. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship problems and/or trauma. I never underestimate the complexities of the mind, personality, and relationships, and at the same time, I feel psychotherapy should be practical and goal-oriented. I have a thoughtful, compassionate style in addressing the roots of repetitive distress, while keeping in mind that such work must also emphasize alleviation of more immediate distress so you can move forward with your life.
I believe we develop our ability to thrive from not only our individual gifts, but also our personal responses to life's challenges. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship problems and/or trauma. I never underestimate the complexities of the mind, personality, and relationships, and at the same time, I feel psychotherapy should be practical and goal-oriented. I have a thoughtful, compassionate style in addressing the roots of repetitive distress, while keeping in mind that such work must also emphasize alleviation of more immediate distress so you can move forward with your life.
(406) 204-4580 View (406) 204-4580
Photo of Molly Murphy, Counselor in Missoula, MT
Molly Murphy
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59801
Waitlist for new clients
I work from a strength based approach believing that each individual and family is resilient and has the ability to reach for their potential and healing. I believe counseling is an opportunity to better define your desires for self, values, beliefs, goals and ultimately move towards the healthiest version of you. I work with youth, teens and adults with depression/anxiety/trauma & grief and find that as you increase your ability to manage and integrate these experiences into daily living, healing happens.
I work from a strength based approach believing that each individual and family is resilient and has the ability to reach for their potential and healing. I believe counseling is an opportunity to better define your desires for self, values, beliefs, goals and ultimately move towards the healthiest version of you. I work with youth, teens and adults with depression/anxiety/trauma & grief and find that as you increase your ability to manage and integrate these experiences into daily living, healing happens.
(406) 412-1753 View (406) 412-1753
Photo of Dara Newman, Counselor in Missoula, MT
Dara Newman
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59802
We are meant to share life's hardships with others, rather than be alone with our pain. So much suffering today stems from a sense of isolation and disconnection within our lives. I offer a therapeutic relationship based on unconditional acceptance and compassion; where you can feel support in creating healthier relationships, evaluate what you seek in life, and diminish pressures that hinder your growth and happiness. We live in a stressful, anxiety-provoking time. When we slow down and look at our own core values and how we would like to inhabit our lives, we give ourselves permission to make mistakes and grow.
We are meant to share life's hardships with others, rather than be alone with our pain. So much suffering today stems from a sense of isolation and disconnection within our lives. I offer a therapeutic relationship based on unconditional acceptance and compassion; where you can feel support in creating healthier relationships, evaluate what you seek in life, and diminish pressures that hinder your growth and happiness. We live in a stressful, anxiety-provoking time. When we slow down and look at our own core values and how we would like to inhabit our lives, we give ourselves permission to make mistakes and grow.
(406) 415-3778 View (406) 415-3778
Photo of Peaks and Valleys Therapy, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Peaks and Valleys Therapy, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59808
It is my belief that people are meant to be deeply known and know others. My mission is to help individuals and couples be fully seen, heard, and understood in their relationships. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or simply need to gain more insight into your personal growth journey, I am here to guide and support you through the process. As a couples and premarital counselor, I help couples navigate the complexities of relationships by providing them with communication tools, conflict resolution strategies, and a deeper understanding of their emotional needs and attachment styles.
It is my belief that people are meant to be deeply known and know others. My mission is to help individuals and couples be fully seen, heard, and understood in their relationships. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or simply need to gain more insight into your personal growth journey, I am here to guide and support you through the process. As a couples and premarital counselor, I help couples navigate the complexities of relationships by providing them with communication tools, conflict resolution strategies, and a deeper understanding of their emotional needs and attachment styles.
(406) 315-4534 View (406) 315-4534
Photo of Nate Chapman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Nate Chapman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59808
Life can be hard and challenging and reaching out for help can be difficult. I am a Air Force veteran and have had my fair share of struggles in the past. Reaching out for help was hard but changed my life. Sometimes we all need a helping hand. I love working with other professionals, military veterans, those in or seeking recovery from addiction, athletes, couples, and anyone who needs a boost. I use a blend of real life experience and therapy techniques to help you achieve your goals. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy , Solution Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing.
Life can be hard and challenging and reaching out for help can be difficult. I am a Air Force veteran and have had my fair share of struggles in the past. Reaching out for help was hard but changed my life. Sometimes we all need a helping hand. I love working with other professionals, military veterans, those in or seeking recovery from addiction, athletes, couples, and anyone who needs a boost. I use a blend of real life experience and therapy techniques to help you achieve your goals. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy , Solution Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing.
(406) 531-4960 View (406) 531-4960
Photo of Erin Thomas, Counselor in Missoula, MT
Erin Thomas
Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59808  (Online Only)
Life can be a soul-stretching journey. If you’re feeling alone, discouraged, hopeless, or unseen please know that you matter and are worthy of compassionate support. My own experiences have led me to passionately pursue creating a non-judgmental space where you can vulnerably share your struggles knowing you will be met with empathy and gentle care. I assist teens and adults with life transitions, OCD, eating disorders, and addressing trauma through somatic work and evidence-based practices to restore a sense of safety and inner peace.
Life can be a soul-stretching journey. If you’re feeling alone, discouraged, hopeless, or unseen please know that you matter and are worthy of compassionate support. My own experiences have led me to passionately pursue creating a non-judgmental space where you can vulnerably share your struggles knowing you will be met with empathy and gentle care. I assist teens and adults with life transitions, OCD, eating disorders, and addressing trauma through somatic work and evidence-based practices to restore a sense of safety and inner peace.
(406) 213-7842 View (406) 213-7842
Photo of Katrina O'Neil, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Katrina O'Neil
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59802
Are you overwhelmed and looking for answers, but just don't know where to begin? Every individual has a story; so do families and communities. As we compile these accounts, we realize that the fragments form a collage; not the entire picture, but pieces which symbolize the possibility for a whole. Therapy can be a safe space for exploring and integrating the past in an effort to become more present. You are the expert in your own life experiences and I can be your partner in honoring that narrative.
Are you overwhelmed and looking for answers, but just don't know where to begin? Every individual has a story; so do families and communities. As we compile these accounts, we realize that the fragments form a collage; not the entire picture, but pieces which symbolize the possibility for a whole. Therapy can be a safe space for exploring and integrating the past in an effort to become more present. You are the expert in your own life experiences and I can be your partner in honoring that narrative.
(406) 564-1513 View (406) 564-1513
Photo of Katherine Gillispie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Katherine Gillispie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59802
In collaboration with you, my practice is focused on delivering couples and individual therapy for adults experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, and/or relationship challenges. I provide therapy and interventions through an attachment lens, with your needs and priorities in mind. My approach is relational & warm with understanding and empathy while I assist you in building on already present strengths, attunement, and resiliency within. Among other therapy modalities I utilize Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples, Emotionally Focused Individual Therapy (EFIT), and Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR).
In collaboration with you, my practice is focused on delivering couples and individual therapy for adults experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, and/or relationship challenges. I provide therapy and interventions through an attachment lens, with your needs and priorities in mind. My approach is relational & warm with understanding and empathy while I assist you in building on already present strengths, attunement, and resiliency within. Among other therapy modalities I utilize Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) for couples, Emotionally Focused Individual Therapy (EFIT), and Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR).
(406) 529-9516 View (406) 529-9516
Photo of Austin Charvet, Pre-Licensed Professional in Missoula, MT
Austin Charvet
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59801
I believe that seeking support for change and healing can be an intimidating first step. Making it this far speaks to the commitment you have already made to your personal betterment and well-being. I am excited to witness this momentum and am ultimately honored to support you along the way towards whatever personal growth, awareness and self-discovery you seek. I strive to foster a safe environment for all identities to bring all their true selves to counseling. My therapeutic approach is strongly rooted in Person Centered Therapy, informed by CBT and Inspired by Narrative and Mindfulness modalities.
I believe that seeking support for change and healing can be an intimidating first step. Making it this far speaks to the commitment you have already made to your personal betterment and well-being. I am excited to witness this momentum and am ultimately honored to support you along the way towards whatever personal growth, awareness and self-discovery you seek. I strive to foster a safe environment for all identities to bring all their true selves to counseling. My therapeutic approach is strongly rooted in Person Centered Therapy, informed by CBT and Inspired by Narrative and Mindfulness modalities.
(406) 303-4335 View (406) 303-4335
Photo of Tessa Heuermann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Tessa Heuermann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59803
Being human is hard. You try to do your best, but it seems you can’t make the progress you want. You might feel stuck or hopeless. Negative thoughts and difficult emotions can be overwhelming and they can steal your joy and motivation. Whether you are experiencing loss, relationship struggles, excessive worry, or despair, the pain can be immobilizing. But it's entirely true that wellness and growth are possible for you. Together, we can help you unhook from negative thoughts and connect with what is meaningful to you.
Being human is hard. You try to do your best, but it seems you can’t make the progress you want. You might feel stuck or hopeless. Negative thoughts and difficult emotions can be overwhelming and they can steal your joy and motivation. Whether you are experiencing loss, relationship struggles, excessive worry, or despair, the pain can be immobilizing. But it's entirely true that wellness and growth are possible for you. Together, we can help you unhook from negative thoughts and connect with what is meaningful to you.
(406) 319-3444 View (406) 319-3444
Photo of Bridget Hanna, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Bridget Hanna
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59804
Are feeling stuck in one or more areas of your life? Are you in the midst of a major life transition? Working with a psychotherapist will allow you to explore yourself and your relationships with someone who is objective and nonjudgmental.
Are feeling stuck in one or more areas of your life? Are you in the midst of a major life transition? Working with a psychotherapist will allow you to explore yourself and your relationships with someone who is objective and nonjudgmental.
(406) 221-1510 View (406) 221-1510
Photo of Rayna Sage, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Rayna Sage
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, SWLC, MSW, PhD
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59801
Everyone can benefit from space to process and move through experiences that are causing them distress or pain. I work with clients who are seeking compassionate, safe, and affirming space where we can decide together what mental health supports would be most beneficial to bring about desired change.
Everyone can benefit from space to process and move through experiences that are causing them distress or pain. I work with clients who are seeking compassionate, safe, and affirming space where we can decide together what mental health supports would be most beneficial to bring about desired change.
(406) 344-1499 View (406) 344-1499
McFarland Neuropsychology, PLLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Missoula, MT 59802
Neuropsychology is the study of the brain and behavior. A neuropsychological assessment involves an interview and testing to identify and quantify areas of strength and possible impairment. I conduct neuropsychological evaluations to assess for traumatic brain injury, dementia, and ADHD, as well as many other conditions. I also have an extensive clinical and research background in cognitive rehabilitation (e.g., memory strategy development, problem-solving). In addition to conducting evaluations, I also work closely with clients to develop strategies to increase their functioning and enhance mood.
Neuropsychology is the study of the brain and behavior. A neuropsychological assessment involves an interview and testing to identify and quantify areas of strength and possible impairment. I conduct neuropsychological evaluations to assess for traumatic brain injury, dementia, and ADHD, as well as many other conditions. I also have an extensive clinical and research background in cognitive rehabilitation (e.g., memory strategy development, problem-solving). In addition to conducting evaluations, I also work closely with clients to develop strategies to increase their functioning and enhance mood.
(406) 345-6022 View (406) 345-6022
Photo of Roula Agne, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Roula Agne
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59801
I believe the therapeutic process should include trust and non-judgment as its foundation. Attachment Theory influences my practice. I have 22 years of experience working with children and families who have experienced trauma as well as adolescents and adults who face life stressors. I enjoy working with a variety of needs and populations.
I believe the therapeutic process should include trust and non-judgment as its foundation. Attachment Theory influences my practice. I have 22 years of experience working with children and families who have experienced trauma as well as adolescents and adults who face life stressors. I enjoy working with a variety of needs and populations.
(406) 531-2416 View (406) 531-2416
Photo of Adrienne Tauses, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Adrienne Tauses
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59801
Not accepting new clients
At this time I am not taking new patients as my practice is full. Thank you. Thank you for taking the first step towards healing. My clinical practice is centered on my foundational belief that everyone, regardless of your current struggle, deserves to have a voice, emotional safety, healing, and an opportunity to change. Within the container of the therapeutic relationship I hope to assist in you coming to the present moment, learn to increase healing of traumatic events, and re-connect with your sense of self.
At this time I am not taking new patients as my practice is full. Thank you. Thank you for taking the first step towards healing. My clinical practice is centered on my foundational belief that everyone, regardless of your current struggle, deserves to have a voice, emotional safety, healing, and an opportunity to change. Within the container of the therapeutic relationship I hope to assist in you coming to the present moment, learn to increase healing of traumatic events, and re-connect with your sense of self.
(406) 296-5195 View (406) 296-5195
Photo of Kerry N Herndon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Missoula, MT
Kerry N Herndon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Missoula, MT 59801
I offer a strengths-based practice aimed at providing services to adolescents, adults & families in the scope of addiction, trauma, disordered eating, behavioral health, reproductive health/infertility & life transitions. I utilized a mixed approach to therapy centered around self-compassion, motivational enhancement, cognitive behavioral therapy, communication skills, and mind/body connection. Other methodology is applied as appropriate. My goal is to meet Client's where they are in their therapeutic process, encourage them to be an active participant in their own care and provide usable skills to be used outside of therapy.
I offer a strengths-based practice aimed at providing services to adolescents, adults & families in the scope of addiction, trauma, disordered eating, behavioral health, reproductive health/infertility & life transitions. I utilized a mixed approach to therapy centered around self-compassion, motivational enhancement, cognitive behavioral therapy, communication skills, and mind/body connection. Other methodology is applied as appropriate. My goal is to meet Client's where they are in their therapeutic process, encourage them to be an active participant in their own care and provide usable skills to be used outside of therapy.
(406) 662-0679 View (406) 662-0679

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Missoula, MT

400+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Missoula, MT who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
80% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
83% PacificSource
83% Allegiance

How Therapists in Missoula, MT see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Missoula?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.