Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

Photo of Juliet N Thomas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Juliet N Thomas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, EdD, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Waitlist for new clients
Juliet brings a fun-loving and flexible approach to her work with clients, while also offering support, empathy and structure for families in crisis. She appreciates the person holistically and meets clients where they are.
Juliet brings a fun-loving and flexible approach to her work with clients, while also offering support, empathy and structure for families in crisis. She appreciates the person holistically and meets clients where they are.
(423) 781-1026 View (423) 781-1026
Photo of Nickole Moore, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Nickole Moore
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37402
Sometimes life can be overwhelming and you may feel out of control, but positive life changes are possible. I will provide a safe environment to help you identify your fears, clarify the vision you have for your well-being, and give you skills to achieve your goals. I specialize in trauma, attachment wounding, emotion regulation, anxiety, depression, grief, and couples issues. I work with individual adults and couples. I love my work and find it extremely rewarding when clients' relationships become more fulfilling and they take charge of their life.
Sometimes life can be overwhelming and you may feel out of control, but positive life changes are possible. I will provide a safe environment to help you identify your fears, clarify the vision you have for your well-being, and give you skills to achieve your goals. I specialize in trauma, attachment wounding, emotion regulation, anxiety, depression, grief, and couples issues. I work with individual adults and couples. I love my work and find it extremely rewarding when clients' relationships become more fulfilling and they take charge of their life.
(423) 793-3434 View (423) 793-3434
Photo of Linden Turner, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Chattanooga, TN
Linden Turner
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, MFT-I
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Life's challenges can lead us to a place where recognizing the person in the mirror becomes foreign. The fights with your partner, the fear of the future, or desiring a sense of direction and meaningful connection can leave us feeling frozen, overwhelmed, and distanced from where we’d like to be. Your unique experience matters - which is why I work to foster empathy, openness, authenticity, safety, and caring challenges within therapy - to meet you where you are and journey beside you as you seek to find yourself and your relationships again.
Life's challenges can lead us to a place where recognizing the person in the mirror becomes foreign. The fights with your partner, the fear of the future, or desiring a sense of direction and meaningful connection can leave us feeling frozen, overwhelmed, and distanced from where we’d like to be. Your unique experience matters - which is why I work to foster empathy, openness, authenticity, safety, and caring challenges within therapy - to meet you where you are and journey beside you as you seek to find yourself and your relationships again.
(423) 460-9815 View (423) 460-9815
Photo of Blake Feagans, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Blake Feagans
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
I specialize in providing therapeutic services to individuals across various age groups, addressing concerns like: trauma, anxiety, depression, ADHD, relational challenges, academic difficulties, spirituality, sexual addiction, identity exploration, and grief. My approach is rooted in relational therapy, emphasizing the significance of authentic connections and mutual accountability in the healing process. I find fulfillment in assisting individuals who struggle to establish meaningful connections and are often marginalized or labeled as challenging. Additionally, I offer specialized weekly group support for male sex addiction.
I specialize in providing therapeutic services to individuals across various age groups, addressing concerns like: trauma, anxiety, depression, ADHD, relational challenges, academic difficulties, spirituality, sexual addiction, identity exploration, and grief. My approach is rooted in relational therapy, emphasizing the significance of authentic connections and mutual accountability in the healing process. I find fulfillment in assisting individuals who struggle to establish meaningful connections and are often marginalized or labeled as challenging. Additionally, I offer specialized weekly group support for male sex addiction.
(423) 403-3553 View (423) 403-3553
Photo of Dr. Tyler Rogers, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Dr. Tyler Rogers
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LPC, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37403
Couples- Are you and your spouse struggling to communicate, adjust to life with a new baby or multiple children, experiencing a betrayal, or to having difficulty in your sex life? Are you recovering from an affair, arguing family, finances, or work? Are you wondering if the relationship can be improved or saved at all? Individuals- Is your personal or family life increasingly difficult to manage? Are you kept up at night by anxiety or weighed down by depression? Do you feel lost in life? If any of these apply to your life, I would love to join you on your journey as a board certified clinician with a decade of experience.
Couples- Are you and your spouse struggling to communicate, adjust to life with a new baby or multiple children, experiencing a betrayal, or to having difficulty in your sex life? Are you recovering from an affair, arguing family, finances, or work? Are you wondering if the relationship can be improved or saved at all? Individuals- Is your personal or family life increasingly difficult to manage? Are you kept up at night by anxiety or weighed down by depression? Do you feel lost in life? If any of these apply to your life, I would love to join you on your journey as a board certified clinician with a decade of experience.
(423) 415-4231 x641 View (423) 415-4231 x641
Photo of Kelly Culpepper Towe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Kelly Culpepper Towe
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
Kelly is a Licensed Professional Counselor, is pursuing licensure as a Marriage and Family Therapist in the State of Tennessee, and is a National Certified Counselor. She works with individuals, couples, and families pursuing growth and healing through supportive, therapeutic relationship. Kelly has experience working with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, career direction, affair recovery, spiritual direction, OCD, sexuality, and marital issues.
Kelly is a Licensed Professional Counselor, is pursuing licensure as a Marriage and Family Therapist in the State of Tennessee, and is a National Certified Counselor. She works with individuals, couples, and families pursuing growth and healing through supportive, therapeutic relationship. Kelly has experience working with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, career direction, affair recovery, spiritual direction, OCD, sexuality, and marital issues.
(423) 401-6124 View (423) 401-6124
Photo of Greg Seymour, Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Greg Seymour
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Over the past 15 years, I have loved working with every angle of the family. If you looked at my schedule on any given day, you'd probably see a few married couples, some exhausted and burnt-out parents, a college student, a 4th-12th grader, someone having an affair, someone who has been crushed by a loss or a person who is wrestling through their attraction to the same gender. I often find that a person's willingness to come in and simply talk about things creates at least 50% of the change they are looking for.
Over the past 15 years, I have loved working with every angle of the family. If you looked at my schedule on any given day, you'd probably see a few married couples, some exhausted and burnt-out parents, a college student, a 4th-12th grader, someone having an affair, someone who has been crushed by a loss or a person who is wrestling through their attraction to the same gender. I often find that a person's willingness to come in and simply talk about things creates at least 50% of the change they are looking for.
(423) 328-8649 View (423) 328-8649
Photo of Leslie Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Leslie Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37404  (Online Only)
My philosophy combines a non-judgmental, compassionate approach to therapy, with honest, direct feedback. I specialize in EMDR to help clients overcome past issues which are keeping them stuck. I welcome people of all perspectives. I will be an active participant in working with you as you seek to address personal and relationship issues.
My philosophy combines a non-judgmental, compassionate approach to therapy, with honest, direct feedback. I specialize in EMDR to help clients overcome past issues which are keeping them stuck. I welcome people of all perspectives. I will be an active participant in working with you as you seek to address personal and relationship issues.
(423) 377-4975 View (423) 377-4975
Photo of Corliss LAWLER, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Corliss LAWLER
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
I have been in the practice of Social Work many years. I have a thirst for learning and I greet change with open arms. I completed my training as a nurse at age 55 and have incorporated my nursing skills with my years of Social Work training and experience. During this time I have learned that all people have their answers inside and my job is to help them recognize and build on those answers. Having experienced many situations in my own life I’ve learned to persist and sometimes back up and regroup. I have a lot of joy in my life and hope to help you find yours. I offer animal assisted therapy with Teddy, 5 yo Wheaten Terrier.
I have been in the practice of Social Work many years. I have a thirst for learning and I greet change with open arms. I completed my training as a nurse at age 55 and have incorporated my nursing skills with my years of Social Work training and experience. During this time I have learned that all people have their answers inside and my job is to help them recognize and build on those answers. Having experienced many situations in my own life I’ve learned to persist and sometimes back up and regroup. I have a lot of joy in my life and hope to help you find yours. I offer animal assisted therapy with Teddy, 5 yo Wheaten Terrier.
(423) 205-1140 View (423) 205-1140
Photo of Erica Skidmore, Psychologist in Chattanooga, TN
Erica Skidmore
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
You have found the courage to begin, and you want someone to walk with you. Maybe you are tired of feeling the crushing weight of anxiety or depression. Maybe you are the parent of a child with special needs, and you don't know what to do next, but you know you need to do something. Maybe you are finally admitting to yourself the truth about your sexuality, spirituality, or situation, and you are ready to grow into the person you are meant to be. I would be honored to join you on your journey.
You have found the courage to begin, and you want someone to walk with you. Maybe you are tired of feeling the crushing weight of anxiety or depression. Maybe you are the parent of a child with special needs, and you don't know what to do next, but you know you need to do something. Maybe you are finally admitting to yourself the truth about your sexuality, spirituality, or situation, and you are ready to grow into the person you are meant to be. I would be honored to join you on your journey.
(423) 299-4990 View (423) 299-4990
Photo of Laura Salazar, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Laura Salazar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Not accepting new clients
You envisioned your birth to be a beautiful beginning to your baby's life, and are now wondering how this could have happened. People say "at least you're okay and the baby is safe now." But it's not that comforting. You don't feel safe or confident that your baby is okay and you doubt yourself. Of course hormones are raging, but are all these feelings normal? You may be feeling helpless, scared, or grieving the freedom you had before becoming a parent. You have a constant voice asking you if you really are good enough and reminding you that everyone’s judging you for every decision you make as a parent.
You envisioned your birth to be a beautiful beginning to your baby's life, and are now wondering how this could have happened. People say "at least you're okay and the baby is safe now." But it's not that comforting. You don't feel safe or confident that your baby is okay and you doubt yourself. Of course hormones are raging, but are all these feelings normal? You may be feeling helpless, scared, or grieving the freedom you had before becoming a parent. You have a constant voice asking you if you really are good enough and reminding you that everyone’s judging you for every decision you make as a parent.
(423) 799-2043 View (423) 799-2043
Photo of Sasha Self, Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Sasha Self
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I offer support in facing and gaining mastery over life’s many struggles, including but not limited to the following areas: trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, relationship issues, and addiction. I also provide encouragement and collaborated direction for those desiring to become the best possible version of themselves.
I offer support in facing and gaining mastery over life’s many struggles, including but not limited to the following areas: trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, relationship issues, and addiction. I also provide encouragement and collaborated direction for those desiring to become the best possible version of themselves.
(423) 799-2706 View (423) 799-2706
Photo of Robert (Bob) E Swope, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Robert (Bob) E Swope
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I am Licensed Professional Counselor with over twenty 28 years of experience working with adults, children and families. I am a graduate of U T Chattanooga with a BS in Psychology and a MEd. in Community Counseling I also did some graduate work at Florida State and University of Houston.. I have both personal and professional experience with parenting, stepfamilies, divorce issues, adoption and reunification, and the adjustment issues which challenge families today.I am an advocate for the LGBTQ community. I am passionate about educating ,coaching and empowering my clients to make the best choices for their unique selves.
I am Licensed Professional Counselor with over twenty 28 years of experience working with adults, children and families. I am a graduate of U T Chattanooga with a BS in Psychology and a MEd. in Community Counseling I also did some graduate work at Florida State and University of Houston.. I have both personal and professional experience with parenting, stepfamilies, divorce issues, adoption and reunification, and the adjustment issues which challenge families today.I am an advocate for the LGBTQ community. I am passionate about educating ,coaching and empowering my clients to make the best choices for their unique selves.
(423) 250-2087 View (423) 250-2087
Photo of Griffin Hatcliff, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Griffin Hatcliff
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37409
Depression, Anxiety, family conflict and general reactivity are each common experiences in one's life. I work to provide an individualized treatment plan for each person walking through these common experiences. I believe that by fostering curiosity and compassion about ourselves and our own experiences, we learn to react to others in this same way. I work with a wide range of clients varying in age, demographics, beliefs, backgrounds and goals. I work to facilitate this curious and compassionate environment in which my clients can work toward decreasing reactivity through increasing self understanding.
Depression, Anxiety, family conflict and general reactivity are each common experiences in one's life. I work to provide an individualized treatment plan for each person walking through these common experiences. I believe that by fostering curiosity and compassion about ourselves and our own experiences, we learn to react to others in this same way. I work with a wide range of clients varying in age, demographics, beliefs, backgrounds and goals. I work to facilitate this curious and compassionate environment in which my clients can work toward decreasing reactivity through increasing self understanding.
(423) 205-1112 x103 View (423) 205-1112 x103
Photo of Nathan Grubb, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Nathan Grubb
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
We all have struggles we have to face—and sometimes we need the help of a trained professional to overcome those struggles. As a licensed counselor, I provide a safe and welcoming environment in which people can express themselves without fear of judgment, a place where they can feel heard and valued. Because I believe strong relationships are vital to the healing process, I am passionate about providing therapy from an interpersonal perspective. As such, I work with teens, couples, and families on issues ranging from spirituality to addiction to trauma to mood disorders such as anxiety, depression, grief, and anger.
We all have struggles we have to face—and sometimes we need the help of a trained professional to overcome those struggles. As a licensed counselor, I provide a safe and welcoming environment in which people can express themselves without fear of judgment, a place where they can feel heard and valued. Because I believe strong relationships are vital to the healing process, I am passionate about providing therapy from an interpersonal perspective. As such, I work with teens, couples, and families on issues ranging from spirituality to addiction to trauma to mood disorders such as anxiety, depression, grief, and anger.
(423) 954-7129 View (423) 954-7129
Kindbridge Behavioral Health
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37402
Kindbridge is building the largest nationwide network of mental health treatment providers with a focus on gambling and gaming disorders in the United States. Our goal is to provide a tailored telemedicine patient experience that delivers top patient care and the highest quality recovery outcomes.
Kindbridge is building the largest nationwide network of mental health treatment providers with a focus on gambling and gaming disorders in the United States. Our goal is to provide a tailored telemedicine patient experience that delivers top patient care and the highest quality recovery outcomes.
(423) 919-8379 View (423) 919-8379
Photo of Tracy McKay, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Tracy McKay
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37402
Not accepting new clients
I believe that genuine growth occurs within the context of a safe, nurturing, and at times gently challenging relationship. I desire to integrate issues of mind and body while helping individuals access their resiliency that resides within. I describe my therapeutic style as collaborative and relational, believing that we all grow best in community and in relationship with others. Ultimately, I hope to cultivate an atmosphere where clients feel accepted both for their strengths and areas of growth.
I believe that genuine growth occurs within the context of a safe, nurturing, and at times gently challenging relationship. I desire to integrate issues of mind and body while helping individuals access their resiliency that resides within. I describe my therapeutic style as collaborative and relational, believing that we all grow best in community and in relationship with others. Ultimately, I hope to cultivate an atmosphere where clients feel accepted both for their strengths and areas of growth.
(423) 781-0542 View (423) 781-0542
Photo of Sarah Francis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Sarah Francis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37419
One of the most difficult challenges we face as parents is watching your child struggle and not knowing how to help. Parents look for a therapist to help their child overcome trauma, aggression, impulsive behaviors, anxiety, and low self esteem. Developing a strong therapeutic relationship provides the safety and connection that is key for therapy to be helpful. It is the foundation from which to explore and understand your feelings and experiences. I am active and collaborative in listening, inquiring, and guiding your child and family. I want to help you and your family overcome the challenges and struggles that life brings.
One of the most difficult challenges we face as parents is watching your child struggle and not knowing how to help. Parents look for a therapist to help their child overcome trauma, aggression, impulsive behaviors, anxiety, and low self esteem. Developing a strong therapeutic relationship provides the safety and connection that is key for therapy to be helpful. It is the foundation from which to explore and understand your feelings and experiences. I am active and collaborative in listening, inquiring, and guiding your child and family. I want to help you and your family overcome the challenges and struggles that life brings.
(423) 205-5961 View (423) 205-5961
Photo of Naomi Boothe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Naomi Boothe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
I acknowledge and respect the effort it takes to reach out for help. The strength it takes to say "enough!, I'm sick and tired of being sick and tired". The courage it takes to choose towards something more, something better, than where you are at right now. Thank you for being here! What if every wrongness was a strength not yet acknowledged? You are stronger than you think and worth so much more than you can imagine. The fact that you are reading this right now is proof of that!
I acknowledge and respect the effort it takes to reach out for help. The strength it takes to say "enough!, I'm sick and tired of being sick and tired". The courage it takes to choose towards something more, something better, than where you are at right now. Thank you for being here! What if every wrongness was a strength not yet acknowledged? You are stronger than you think and worth so much more than you can imagine. The fact that you are reading this right now is proof of that!
(423) 218-4314 View (423) 218-4314
Photo of Adriane Brandt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Adriane Brandt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37415  (Online Only)
I have been working in the field of mental healthcare since 2012. While my experience has granted me the privilege of working with a variety of ages and issues, I am most passionate about working with trauma, anger management, panic, anxiety, cutting and self-harming, dissociation, and domestic violence. I have training in EMDR, a specialized therapy developed for the treatment of Post-traumatic Stress and other trauma related concerns. I also frequently utilize mindfulness and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy skills training in my approach as a way to build resilience and healthy coping.
I have been working in the field of mental healthcare since 2012. While my experience has granted me the privilege of working with a variety of ages and issues, I am most passionate about working with trauma, anger management, panic, anxiety, cutting and self-harming, dissociation, and domestic violence. I have training in EMDR, a specialized therapy developed for the treatment of Post-traumatic Stress and other trauma related concerns. I also frequently utilize mindfulness and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy skills training in my approach as a way to build resilience and healthy coping.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

400+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Chattanooga, TN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
75% Coping Skills
74% Stress

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Cigna and Evernorth
72% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chattanooga, TN see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chattanooga?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.