Photo of Ashley E Lupico, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Shelby Township, MI
Ashley E Lupico
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Shelby Township, MI 48317
I specialize in ADHD and Autism, complex trauma and attachment, and navigating LGBTQ identities.
Overwhelm, burnout, wanting to be your best for the people you care about, and to show up and take care of yourself too, I see you. The heavy weight of parenting, the chaos of chronic trauma, the isolation of neurodivergence, the bumpy road of queerness. These paths aren't always easy but they're ours, and we can walk them together. I have been working with kids, teens, families, and individuals working their way through understanding their identities and traumas for the past 12 years.
I specialize in ADHD and Autism, complex trauma and attachment, and navigating LGBTQ identities.
Overwhelm, burnout, wanting to be your best for the people you care about, and to show up and take care of yourself too, I see you. The heavy weight of parenting, the chaos of chronic trauma, the isolation of neurodivergence, the bumpy road of queerness. These paths aren't always easy but they're ours, and we can walk them together. I have been working with kids, teens, families, and individuals working their way through understanding their identities and traumas for the past 12 years.
(586) 697-0782 View (586) 697-0782
Photo of Matthew C Orlando, Licensed Professional Counselor in Shelby Township, MI
Matthew C Orlando
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Shelby Township, MI 48316  (Online Only)
It's hard being human. We don't come with an owner's manual and no one really knows what it's like to live our lives. There's no certain formula for how to be happy. Often we don't know what we want, or sometimes even who we truly want to be. We just know: "I want to feel better." Being our own unique person in the world we live in is incredibly messy and immensely complicated, and everyone gets stuck sometimes. Many things can cause us to get stuck like life events, grief and loss, trauma, issues in relationships, chronic illness, anxiety, depression, and even being LGBTQ+ or neurodiverse in a neurotypical heteronormative world.
It's hard being human. We don't come with an owner's manual and no one really knows what it's like to live our lives. There's no certain formula for how to be happy. Often we don't know what we want, or sometimes even who we truly want to be. We just know: "I want to feel better." Being our own unique person in the world we live in is incredibly messy and immensely complicated, and everyone gets stuck sometimes. Many things can cause us to get stuck like life events, grief and loss, trauma, issues in relationships, chronic illness, anxiety, depression, and even being LGBTQ+ or neurodiverse in a neurotypical heteronormative world.
(586) 745-9559 View (586) 745-9559
Photo of Aprile Klaser, Counselor in Shelby Township, MI
Aprile Klaser
Counselor, MA, LLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shelby Township, MI 48317
Managing the inevitable challenges and transitions of life can be difficult and overwhelming. At times, it may also feel very isolating. Fortunately, you do not have to cope with these difficulties alone. As a therapist, I believe clients have the resources and strengths within them to make meaningful, lasting changes. I see it as an opportunity and my responsibility to hold a safe, empathic space for you to explore, reflect, develop insight and coping skills, and create the growth you desire in order to live more authentically.
Managing the inevitable challenges and transitions of life can be difficult and overwhelming. At times, it may also feel very isolating. Fortunately, you do not have to cope with these difficulties alone. As a therapist, I believe clients have the resources and strengths within them to make meaningful, lasting changes. I see it as an opportunity and my responsibility to hold a safe, empathic space for you to explore, reflect, develop insight and coping skills, and create the growth you desire in order to live more authentically.
(248) 422-0853 View (248) 422-0853
Photo of Great Lakes Psychology Group - Troy, Psychologist in Shelby Township, MI
Great Lakes Psychology Group - Troy
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Shelby Township, MI 48315
The GLPG support staff will personally match you with a best-fit therapist who accepts your insurance and is available to see you online or in person at a time that works for you. The GLPG provider network comprises doctoral and master’s level psychologists, marriage and family therapists, professional counselors, and social workers. Benefits include online and in-person therapy options, night and weekend availability, and most insurance plans accepted. Additionally, our knowledgeable and helpful support staff are available to answer your questions or help with anything you might need at any point along the therapy journey.
The GLPG support staff will personally match you with a best-fit therapist who accepts your insurance and is available to see you online or in person at a time that works for you. The GLPG provider network comprises doctoral and master’s level psychologists, marriage and family therapists, professional counselors, and social workers. Benefits include online and in-person therapy options, night and weekend availability, and most insurance plans accepted. Additionally, our knowledgeable and helpful support staff are available to answer your questions or help with anything you might need at any point along the therapy journey.
(248) 831-1057 View (248) 831-1057
Photo of Shine Wellness Clinic, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Shelby Township, MI
Shine Wellness Clinic, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shelby Township, MI 48315
My vision began several years ago when I realized that most counseling agencies tend to concentrate on only one aspect of wellbeing, "Mental Health". Many people seeking whole body wellness are forced to travel to multiple providers to gain the full experience. Why not have one agency that meets the multiple aspect in achieving the "Whole Body Wellness" concept? I truly believe that maximizing personal wellbeing is dependent on the emotional, physical and spiritual health of every individual. I am proud to provide the surrounding community with a comprehensive clinic that addresses whole body wellness!"
My vision began several years ago when I realized that most counseling agencies tend to concentrate on only one aspect of wellbeing, "Mental Health". Many people seeking whole body wellness are forced to travel to multiple providers to gain the full experience. Why not have one agency that meets the multiple aspect in achieving the "Whole Body Wellness" concept? I truly believe that maximizing personal wellbeing is dependent on the emotional, physical and spiritual health of every individual. I am proud to provide the surrounding community with a comprehensive clinic that addresses whole body wellness!"
(586) 789-9541 View (586) 789-9541
Photo of Briana Ramirez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Shelby Township, MI
Briana Ramirez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Shelby Township, MI 48316
Past and current life challenges can inhibit your ability to fully enjoy life. As a therapist, I walk side by side with my clients, partnering with them to help empower healing and change with empathy, support, and without judgement. I specialize in working with children, teens, families, and adults who have experienced trauma, especially from emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. I will provide you a safe space to heal from the past and work towards creating your best life.
Past and current life challenges can inhibit your ability to fully enjoy life. As a therapist, I walk side by side with my clients, partnering with them to help empower healing and change with empathy, support, and without judgement. I specialize in working with children, teens, families, and adults who have experienced trauma, especially from emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. I will provide you a safe space to heal from the past and work towards creating your best life.
(586) 474-5568 View (586) 474-5568
Photo of Kandice Moss, Licensed Professional Counselor in Shelby Township, MI
Kandice Moss
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, BC-DMT, IMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shelby Township, MI 48315
Life can be overwhelming; from the chaotic daily stressors, to life changing transitions. Are you wondering how to tackle these challenging situations? Do you know something is "off" with your energy, but not quite sure what it is or how to access it?
Life can be overwhelming; from the chaotic daily stressors, to life changing transitions. Are you wondering how to tackle these challenging situations? Do you know something is "off" with your energy, but not quite sure what it is or how to access it?
(248) 301-0713 View (248) 301-0713

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Rachel Jordan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Shelby Township, MI
Rachel Jordan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sterling Heights, MI 48312
Throughout the seasons of our lives, we are presented with life’s obstacles and challenges. Therapy is what guides us through life’s difficulties while acknowledging that we are not alone. I will meet you where you are and be a helping hand through your circumstances. I believe that developing trust and a strong therapeutic relationship are crucial to guiding clients to reach their full potential. Prior to working in private practice, I worked as a school social worker providing therapy and advocating for adolescents, young children, and families. I have also worked with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder for 3 years.
Throughout the seasons of our lives, we are presented with life’s obstacles and challenges. Therapy is what guides us through life’s difficulties while acknowledging that we are not alone. I will meet you where you are and be a helping hand through your circumstances. I believe that developing trust and a strong therapeutic relationship are crucial to guiding clients to reach their full potential. Prior to working in private practice, I worked as a school social worker providing therapy and advocating for adolescents, young children, and families. I have also worked with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder for 3 years.
(616) 345-5785 View (616) 345-5785
Photo of Jennifer Oles, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Shelby Township, MI
Jennifer Oles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Troy, MI 48084  (Online Only)
TELEHEALTH PROVIDER***Problems with your spouse, partner, child, family, friends or job? Feeling depressed, anxious or overwhelmed? Finding a therapist who understands your needs can be very difficult but with my 37+ years experience with mental health and substance abuse treatment can help you live a more satisfying life. I have experience with all age clients with mental health, substance abuse, grief and loss, communication, impulse control, ADH-D, learning disabilities, autism, parenting, school staff and trauma issues.
TELEHEALTH PROVIDER***Problems with your spouse, partner, child, family, friends or job? Feeling depressed, anxious or overwhelmed? Finding a therapist who understands your needs can be very difficult but with my 37+ years experience with mental health and substance abuse treatment can help you live a more satisfying life. I have experience with all age clients with mental health, substance abuse, grief and loss, communication, impulse control, ADH-D, learning disabilities, autism, parenting, school staff and trauma issues.
(586) 991-3430 View (586) 991-3430
Photo of Kira Burnett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Shelby Township, MI
Kira Burnett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Sterling Heights, MI 48312
I have experience working with trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, family and social issues, autism, bipolar disorder, OCD, and more.
I’m Kira Burnett, a Licensed Master Social Worker based in Metro Detroit. I know how difficult it is to take the initial steps to getting help and changing your life. I commend you for being here! My primary role as a therapist is to walk with you on your journey toward greater peace, fulfillment, and quality of life. I firmly believe that mental health care should be centralized around your needs and goals. Whether you are looking to better manage your depression or anxiety, understand your behaviors, improve your relationships, or heal from trauma, I can help you figure out where to start and how to create a path forward.
I have experience working with trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, family and social issues, autism, bipolar disorder, OCD, and more.
I’m Kira Burnett, a Licensed Master Social Worker based in Metro Detroit. I know how difficult it is to take the initial steps to getting help and changing your life. I commend you for being here! My primary role as a therapist is to walk with you on your journey toward greater peace, fulfillment, and quality of life. I firmly believe that mental health care should be centralized around your needs and goals. Whether you are looking to better manage your depression or anxiety, understand your behaviors, improve your relationships, or heal from trauma, I can help you figure out where to start and how to create a path forward.
(586) 371-5389 View (586) 371-5389
Photo of Indira J. Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Shelby Township, MI
Indira J. Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MEd, LMSW
Verified Verified
Troy, MI 48085
I enjoy working with clients of all ages - from young children thru to seniors. My areas of focus include Anxiety, ADHD, Autism, Bullying, Depression, Grief, Personality Challenges, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Alcohol and Drug Abuse. I received my early education in private parochial schools in India, and obtained a Masters in Child Development and Family Relationships. I taught undergraduate students in my university before moving to the U.S. where I obtained my Masters in Education. Following my desire to help others, I attended Wayne State University where I obtained my Masters in Clinical Social Work.
I enjoy working with clients of all ages - from young children thru to seniors. My areas of focus include Anxiety, ADHD, Autism, Bullying, Depression, Grief, Personality Challenges, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Alcohol and Drug Abuse. I received my early education in private parochial schools in India, and obtained a Masters in Child Development and Family Relationships. I taught undergraduate students in my university before moving to the U.S. where I obtained my Masters in Education. Following my desire to help others, I attended Wayne State University where I obtained my Masters in Clinical Social Work.
(248) 470-3003 View (248) 470-3003
Photo of Kristine Vichinsky, Psychologist in Shelby Township, MI
Kristine Vichinsky
Psychologist, PsyD,, LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Troy, MI 48085
I provide psychological evaluation and testing - Developmental (autism spectrum disorders, learning disabilities, ADHD), medical (bariatric weight loss surgery and other needs), work disability, veterans compensation and pension, driver license reinstatement, substance use evaluations, and evaluations for legal concerns.
I provide psychological evaluation and testing - Developmental (autism spectrum disorders, learning disabilities, ADHD), medical (bariatric weight loss surgery and other needs), work disability, veterans compensation and pension, driver license reinstatement, substance use evaluations, and evaluations for legal concerns.
(248) 780-1789 View (248) 780-1789
Photo of Honorary Godparent in Shelby Township, MI
Honorary Godparent
MA, LSC, RMT
Verified Verified
Sterling Heights, MI 48310
If you or someone you love identifies as a Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) or neuro-divergent then I am happy we found each other! As a previous nurse assistant, teacher (toddler-12th grade) and childcare director, I have spent over a decade immersed in hands-on research to better study effective evidence based approaches for treating children and their support systems. I use these approaches eclectically to help clients and their families with sensory regulation, behavioral issues, and counsel the client's entire support system to bring balance.
If you or someone you love identifies as a Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) or neuro-divergent then I am happy we found each other! As a previous nurse assistant, teacher (toddler-12th grade) and childcare director, I have spent over a decade immersed in hands-on research to better study effective evidence based approaches for treating children and their support systems. I use these approaches eclectically to help clients and their families with sensory regulation, behavioral issues, and counsel the client's entire support system to bring balance.
(949) 328-5737 View (949) 328-5737
Photo of Rebekah Agnew, Licensed Professional Counselor in Shelby Township, MI
Rebekah Agnew
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Troy, MI 48084  (Online Only)
Counseling Philosophy : Choosing to begin counseling to heal, adjust, transform and empower your life is a huge step. I believe that every individual is capable of this and I am here to assist in a safe, understanding and nonjudgmental way by creating a supportive environment for you to work through life’s toughest moments and their impact on your daily living.
Counseling Philosophy : Choosing to begin counseling to heal, adjust, transform and empower your life is a huge step. I believe that every individual is capable of this and I am here to assist in a safe, understanding and nonjudgmental way by creating a supportive environment for you to work through life’s toughest moments and their impact on your daily living.
(248) 290-6917 View (248) 290-6917
Photo of Christina Burke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Shelby Township, MI
Christina Burke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW, CCTS-S
Verified Verified
Troy, MI 48083
I specialize in working with neurodivergent adults who have unique therapeutic needs, such as those who identify as gifted, autistic, ADHD, and multi-exceptional. I know from experience how difficult it can be to find a therapist that understands, supports, and centers your unique ways of experiencing the world. I support people struggling with substance use, and am an ally of all members of the LGBTQIA+ community. I have experience treating issues such as trauma, anxiety, depression, health concerns, family issues and parenting, self-esteem, and more. I am trained in Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART), an eye movement therapy.
I specialize in working with neurodivergent adults who have unique therapeutic needs, such as those who identify as gifted, autistic, ADHD, and multi-exceptional. I know from experience how difficult it can be to find a therapist that understands, supports, and centers your unique ways of experiencing the world. I support people struggling with substance use, and am an ally of all members of the LGBTQIA+ community. I have experience treating issues such as trauma, anxiety, depression, health concerns, family issues and parenting, self-esteem, and more. I am trained in Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART), an eye movement therapy.
(248) 290-8451 View (248) 290-8451
Photo of Eric J Black, Licensed Professional Counselor in Shelby Township, MI
Eric J Black
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sterling Heights, MI 48312
Therapy is a challenging process of growth and healing. I like to help those who are dealing with depression, anxiety, and relationship issues. My job is to help you deal with the different challenges of life. I also have experience dealing with substance abuse and other addiction issues. As a person with a Cerebral Palsy, I believe in being honest and transparent and dealing with whatever challenges life has to offer. I believe that there is no issue that can't be dealt with and conquered. I want to help people overcome their challenges and achieve there goals and dreams
Therapy is a challenging process of growth and healing. I like to help those who are dealing with depression, anxiety, and relationship issues. My job is to help you deal with the different challenges of life. I also have experience dealing with substance abuse and other addiction issues. As a person with a Cerebral Palsy, I believe in being honest and transparent and dealing with whatever challenges life has to offer. I believe that there is no issue that can't be dealt with and conquered. I want to help people overcome their challenges and achieve there goals and dreams
(586) 238-3482 View (586) 238-3482
Photo of Ashley Kraut, Counselor in Shelby Township, MI
Ashley Kraut
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Sterling Heights, MI 48313
I believe that making the decision to enter into counseling is admirable. Each individual has unique experiences and unique struggles, but it is important that the individual knows that although the individual is unique, the individual is not alone. A strong therapeutic relationship between a counselor and client helps clients realize they are not alone as they explore their hurt as well as their strengths, and as they find hope. I would be humbled to create a trusting, nonjudgmental, and safe environment for you to heal and grow emotionally and spiritually, and to support you during an unprecedented time.
I believe that making the decision to enter into counseling is admirable. Each individual has unique experiences and unique struggles, but it is important that the individual knows that although the individual is unique, the individual is not alone. A strong therapeutic relationship between a counselor and client helps clients realize they are not alone as they explore their hurt as well as their strengths, and as they find hope. I would be humbled to create a trusting, nonjudgmental, and safe environment for you to heal and grow emotionally and spiritually, and to support you during an unprecedented time.
(586) 623-6175 View (586) 623-6175
Photo of Mary Seguin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Shelby Township, MI
Mary Seguin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Troy, MI 48085  (Online Only)
The decision to start therapy can be one of the hardest to make, but together we can build a secure and safe space without judgment to start your emotional healing process. A space filled with compassionate self-reflection and growth. I have 10 years of experience working with adolescents, young adults, adults, and the elderly within a variety of mental health settings. I strive to help you find a better understanding of who you are based on all that you’ve been through in the past/present, and work with you to replace unhealthy patterns of behavior and improve coping skills to achieve a better quality of life.
The decision to start therapy can be one of the hardest to make, but together we can build a secure and safe space without judgment to start your emotional healing process. A space filled with compassionate self-reflection and growth. I have 10 years of experience working with adolescents, young adults, adults, and the elderly within a variety of mental health settings. I strive to help you find a better understanding of who you are based on all that you’ve been through in the past/present, and work with you to replace unhealthy patterns of behavior and improve coping skills to achieve a better quality of life.
(248) 955-2560 View (248) 955-2560
Photo of Mary Grettenberger, Masters Social Work in Shelby Township, MI
Mary Grettenberger
Masters Social Work, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Macomb, MI 48042
As a CHRISTIAN THERAPIST, it is my passion to help people heal, using a combination of their relationship with CHRIST and a variety of research-based interventions that are customized to fit your needs. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental, safe space to match your unique circumstances. My goal is to listen, encourage, equip, and educate so you can live your best life. With CHRIST as our guide, I WILL WALK ALONGSIDE YOU on your path towards HEALING. Anxiety, Depression, Relationship Issues, Grief, Hospice, PTSD, Suicide Ideation, Trauma, Confusion about life and the future . . .
As a CHRISTIAN THERAPIST, it is my passion to help people heal, using a combination of their relationship with CHRIST and a variety of research-based interventions that are customized to fit your needs. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental, safe space to match your unique circumstances. My goal is to listen, encourage, equip, and educate so you can live your best life. With CHRIST as our guide, I WILL WALK ALONGSIDE YOU on your path towards HEALING. Anxiety, Depression, Relationship Issues, Grief, Hospice, PTSD, Suicide Ideation, Trauma, Confusion about life and the future . . .
(586) 238-3374 View (586) 238-3374
Photo of Specialized Mental Health Services in Shelby Township, MI
Specialized Mental Health Services
LMSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, MI 48095
We are a specialized Mental health outpatient clinic. We provide specialized assessment, forensic psychosexual evaluations, treatment and consulting services in the areas of sexual addictions, pornography addiction, sexual abuse, perversions, anger management, impulse control, and other behavioral issues. Sexual addictions can destroy marriages and families, and often times can lead to significant legal issues. The first step is reaching out for help. We are compassionate and very well trained therapists, and we u deratand what the person and family are going through. Rosenberg & Associates Specialized Mental Health separates itself from the other providers by placing a premium on the client therapeutic relationship and detailed and comprehensive evaluation and assessment. We also work with clients that other providers refuse to or are unable to treat. We also provide drivers license restoration evaluations, risk assessments, and other types of evaluations. Choosing the right program and therapist is critical in getting effective and long term help! Call us today to speak with a specialist. The road to recovery is here!
We are a specialized Mental health outpatient clinic. We provide specialized assessment, forensic psychosexual evaluations, treatment and consulting services in the areas of sexual addictions, pornography addiction, sexual abuse, perversions, anger management, impulse control, and other behavioral issues. Sexual addictions can destroy marriages and families, and often times can lead to significant legal issues. The first step is reaching out for help. We are compassionate and very well trained therapists, and we u deratand what the person and family are going through. Rosenberg & Associates Specialized Mental Health separates itself from the other providers by placing a premium on the client therapeutic relationship and detailed and comprehensive evaluation and assessment. We also work with clients that other providers refuse to or are unable to treat. We also provide drivers license restoration evaluations, risk assessments, and other types of evaluations. Choosing the right program and therapist is critical in getting effective and long term help! Call us today to speak with a specialist. The road to recovery is here!
(586) 257-0037 View (586) 257-0037

See more therapy options for Shelby Township

Autism Therapists

What is the most effective treatment for autism?

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has come to be considered the standard treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder, and research has confirmed its effectiveness for many children. Therapists trained in ABA techniques work with children (and their parents) on developing social skills, communication and learning abilities, and everyday habits of hygiene and grooming. The clinician will tailor their program to the child’s particular need but the overarching goal will be to help them advance as far as possible toward independence based on their level of symptoms and decrease the need for additional special services. Families should seek a mental health professional specifically trained in ABA, and holding special certification in the technique, who has extensive experience not only with the approach but in using it with children with the same level of symptoms as the child who needs care.

How does ABA work?

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) sessions, which typically focus on positive reinforcement, can be intensive, lasting two or more hours several times a week, and continuing for two years or more. Therapists can also be expected to ask parents to take an active role in reinforcing lessons. Research has found that the technique can lead to major improvements that decrease the need for additional special services.

How does treatment for autism work?

Therapy sessions based on Applied Behavior Analysis will likely be frequent, intensive, and highly structured. After a thorough assessment, a therapist will help a child understand and develop skills in a range of areas, including communication, motor skills, social skills, self-care, play, and academic skills, as well as routines of daily living like hygiene. Typically, the therapist will help a child break down the components of a behavior—often referred to as the antecedent (what prompts an action), the behavior, and the consequence(what immediately follows)—and then reward the child at every step, while also asking parents to reinforce the lessons, and the rewards, throughout the day. This core therapy may be supplemented by occupational or speech therapy, and antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants may be prescribed to address specific severe symptoms.

How long does therapy for autism take?

Some people with autism spectrum disorder may be engaged in some level of therapy for many years, but research shows that treatment will be most effective if it is begun early and delivered intensively. When therapy begins by age 3, children tend to be better able to grasp and adopt the skills needed to manage everyday life, including attending school and establishing social relationships. This type of early-intervention treatment regimen is highly structured, typically involving 20 to 40 hours of one-on-one therapy per week, along with additional hours of engagement managed by parents, for a period of two years or more, although the duration of treatment is dependent on the child’s level of symptoms and pace of progress.