Therapists in Fresno, CA

View neighborhoods in Fresno
Photo of Paola Beatriz Caraker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Paola Beatriz Caraker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93710
Are you struggling to find life balance and feel overhwhelmed? Are you struggling with concerns related to relationships, navigating love and dating or life post divorce ? Are you trying to cope with occupational stressors or wanting to increase peak performance in your occupation, sports performance or any other aspects related to performance? I will focus on using your strengths and resiliency to find healing as well as develop actual solutions to your current and/ or unresolved concerns. Visit my website for further information: www.paola-caraker.com
Are you struggling to find life balance and feel overhwhelmed? Are you struggling with concerns related to relationships, navigating love and dating or life post divorce ? Are you trying to cope with occupational stressors or wanting to increase peak performance in your occupation, sports performance or any other aspects related to performance? I will focus on using your strengths and resiliency to find healing as well as develop actual solutions to your current and/ or unresolved concerns. Visit my website for further information: www.paola-caraker.com
(559) 421-9416 View (559) 421-9416
Photo of Noele Clayton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Noele Clayton
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93727
I am a client-centered therapist who borrows from various treatment modalities depending on the client's needs. I meet you where you are in your journey as you are the expert on your life. My specialty is with mood issues, the LGBTQ+ population, and trauma, but I have a lot of experience with many other issues as well. It would be lovely to meet you!
I am a client-centered therapist who borrows from various treatment modalities depending on the client's needs. I meet you where you are in your journey as you are the expert on your life. My specialty is with mood issues, the LGBTQ+ population, and trauma, but I have a lot of experience with many other issues as well. It would be lovely to meet you!
(559) 550-6687 View (559) 550-6687
Photo of Yashwanthi Mirji, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Yashwanthi Mirji
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93727
Hello, my name is Yashwanthi “Yash” Mirji. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a private practice based in Simi Valley, California. I provide individual, couples and family psychotherapy via Telehealth, In office and hybrid. My areas of specialty are grief/loss, trauma, and disorders such as ADD, Bi-polar, OCD, Depression and Anxiety. I specialize in treating unresolved trauma, complex grief, chronic stress, Attention Deficit Disorder, Bipolar, relationship issues and symptoms that overlap this like depression, anxiety.
Hello, my name is Yashwanthi “Yash” Mirji. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a private practice based in Simi Valley, California. I provide individual, couples and family psychotherapy via Telehealth, In office and hybrid. My areas of specialty are grief/loss, trauma, and disorders such as ADD, Bi-polar, OCD, Depression and Anxiety. I specialize in treating unresolved trauma, complex grief, chronic stress, Attention Deficit Disorder, Bipolar, relationship issues and symptoms that overlap this like depression, anxiety.
(559) 377-7143 View (559) 377-7143
Photo of Paul Goshgarian, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fresno, CA
Paul Goshgarian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93722
The ability to cope with the stress of personal and societal issues is a significant challenge to our mental health. I am here to listen and navigate through these issues with you. I am a licensed therapist providing care to residents of California and Nevada at this time. During my 16+ years of clinical practice, I have had the privilege of working with individuals in various stages of life from adolescents and young adults coping with anxiety and behavioral issues to older individuals dealing with grief and bereavement. I specialize in anxiety, depression, grief, and bereavement, as well as difficulty adjusting to life events.
The ability to cope with the stress of personal and societal issues is a significant challenge to our mental health. I am here to listen and navigate through these issues with you. I am a licensed therapist providing care to residents of California and Nevada at this time. During my 16+ years of clinical practice, I have had the privilege of working with individuals in various stages of life from adolescents and young adults coping with anxiety and behavioral issues to older individuals dealing with grief and bereavement. I specialize in anxiety, depression, grief, and bereavement, as well as difficulty adjusting to life events.
(559) 664-3836 View (559) 664-3836
Photo of Theresa Linville, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fresno, CA
Theresa Linville
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, PPS, LCSW, CEDS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fresno, CA 93720
I work with clients with body image issues, poor self-esteem, eating disorders, and anxiety. I work from a Health at Every Size and Intuitive Eating framework. I also work with athletes with post-injury concerns, competitive blocks and burn out. My goal is to provide a space for clients to find relief from negative/obsessive thoughts, restore health, resolve conflicted relationships, improve mood and achieve the life that they desire. I am certified in EMDR therapy, Eating Disorders, and sports psychology. I believe that the therapist-client relationship is unique in helping the client reach their full potential.
I work with clients with body image issues, poor self-esteem, eating disorders, and anxiety. I work from a Health at Every Size and Intuitive Eating framework. I also work with athletes with post-injury concerns, competitive blocks and burn out. My goal is to provide a space for clients to find relief from negative/obsessive thoughts, restore health, resolve conflicted relationships, improve mood and achieve the life that they desire. I am certified in EMDR therapy, Eating Disorders, and sports psychology. I believe that the therapist-client relationship is unique in helping the client reach their full potential.
(559) 358-4442 View (559) 358-4442
Photo of Cordie Micah Qualle, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Cordie Micah Qualle
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711
Concerned about the behavior of your child or teenager? Having difficulty connecting with someone you care about? I enjoy working collaboratively with clients of all ages, but specialize in using my experience gained working with the juvenile corrections population and establishing an Adolescent DBT Program for Kings View Counseling Services to provide effective treatment to families with children or adolescents who struggle with explosive anger, substance abuse, mood disruption or self-harming behaviors. Together we work to improve their understanding and control of their emotional and mental responses in order to accomplish their life goals.
Concerned about the behavior of your child or teenager? Having difficulty connecting with someone you care about? I enjoy working collaboratively with clients of all ages, but specialize in using my experience gained working with the juvenile corrections population and establishing an Adolescent DBT Program for Kings View Counseling Services to provide effective treatment to families with children or adolescents who struggle with explosive anger, substance abuse, mood disruption or self-harming behaviors. Together we work to improve their understanding and control of their emotional and mental responses in order to accomplish their life goals.
(559) 717-4106 View (559) 717-4106
Photo of Laura Slagle And Olive Leaf Family Therapy Inc, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Laura Slagle And Olive Leaf Family Therapy Inc
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fresno, CA 93710
How long has it been since you felt at peace in your life....in your family...in your relationships...in yourself? We chose an olive leaf as our logo because and olive leaf symbolizes peace, and we believe that peace comes by nurturing healthy relationship connections. Maybe you have a difficult child, teen, spouse or extended family member. You want peace in that relationship, and you wake up every morning hoping things will be better....but the same unhealthy patterns happen again and again. You are exhausted from searching for ways to stop the behavior, which only causes more tension in the relationship.
How long has it been since you felt at peace in your life....in your family...in your relationships...in yourself? We chose an olive leaf as our logo because and olive leaf symbolizes peace, and we believe that peace comes by nurturing healthy relationship connections. Maybe you have a difficult child, teen, spouse or extended family member. You want peace in that relationship, and you wake up every morning hoping things will be better....but the same unhealthy patterns happen again and again. You are exhausted from searching for ways to stop the behavior, which only causes more tension in the relationship.
(559) 549-5672 View (559) 549-5672
Photo of Amy J Balmanno, Licensed Educational Psychologist in Fresno, CA
Amy J Balmanno
Licensed Educational Psychologist, MS, NCSP, LEP3747
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93710
Accepting New Referrals. Do you have concerns about your child's learning or behavior? Are you worried that they may have a learning or developmental disability and need special services or accommodations through school? Do you wonder if they would they benefit from educational counseling to improve school functioning? Do you have/are you a student involved in sports and are interested in obtaining a neuropsychological baseline prior to the season starting? Are you an adult student needing testing for accommodations at your college/university? If you answer yes to any of these questions, I can help you find solutions.
Accepting New Referrals. Do you have concerns about your child's learning or behavior? Are you worried that they may have a learning or developmental disability and need special services or accommodations through school? Do you wonder if they would they benefit from educational counseling to improve school functioning? Do you have/are you a student involved in sports and are interested in obtaining a neuropsychological baseline prior to the season starting? Are you an adult student needing testing for accommodations at your college/university? If you answer yes to any of these questions, I can help you find solutions.
(559) 206-0175 View (559) 206-0175
Photo of Carol G Kim (Sheher), Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fresno, CA
Carol G Kim (Sheher)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93720
Change is difficult. Whatever problem you are experiencing - relationship difficulties, anxiety, depressed mood, feeling stuck - there are good reasons you have not been able to solve these on your own. I would be honored to help you create positive change. As a Certified Level 4 T.E.A.M therapist, I practice state-of-the-art therapy, which has innovative and powerful tools that are designed to radically improve ways of coping and viewing yourself and others. My patient and I are a TEAM - working to overcome anxiety, panic,depression, habits, &/or relationship problems. .
Change is difficult. Whatever problem you are experiencing - relationship difficulties, anxiety, depressed mood, feeling stuck - there are good reasons you have not been able to solve these on your own. I would be honored to help you create positive change. As a Certified Level 4 T.E.A.M therapist, I practice state-of-the-art therapy, which has innovative and powerful tools that are designed to radically improve ways of coping and viewing yourself and others. My patient and I are a TEAM - working to overcome anxiety, panic,depression, habits, &/or relationship problems. .
(559) 472-0195 View (559) 472-0195
Photo of Jay Mosoff, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Jay Mosoff
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93720
My name is Jay Mosoff. I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I take an individualized approach to therapy by choosing therapeutic interventions that are best suited to my clients and their goals. I believe in unconditional positive regard and focus on anxiety and how it underlies depression and many other problems. I also love working with couples and families! Our sessions are a collaboration. I believe we all do the best we can and communicate that attitude in various ways. All in all, I work to create an environment where clients feel safe.
My name is Jay Mosoff. I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I take an individualized approach to therapy by choosing therapeutic interventions that are best suited to my clients and their goals. I believe in unconditional positive regard and focus on anxiety and how it underlies depression and many other problems. I also love working with couples and families! Our sessions are a collaboration. I believe we all do the best we can and communicate that attitude in various ways. All in all, I work to create an environment where clients feel safe.
(559) 379-5884 View (559) 379-5884
Photo of Fresno Family Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Fresno Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fresno, CA 93711
At Fresno Family Therapy we provide Individual, Child/Teen, Couples, and Family Therapy. Our mission is to provide high quality, reliable, and evidence based counseling services for the community of Fresno. You do not need to go through this on your own… we are here to help. We believe that you deserve to feel well and seeking help is strength, not a weakness.
At Fresno Family Therapy we provide Individual, Child/Teen, Couples, and Family Therapy. Our mission is to provide high quality, reliable, and evidence based counseling services for the community of Fresno. You do not need to go through this on your own… we are here to help. We believe that you deserve to feel well and seeking help is strength, not a weakness.
(559) 206-3724 View (559) 206-3724
Photo of Daniel Moultrie, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Daniel Moultrie
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Fresno, CA 93711
Are you feeling stuck, unsatisfied or overwhelmed? Life seems to be moving fast and becoming too much to handle. You're not quite feeling like your usual self or you just feel "off". This may be effecting your relationships, career, and personal life. Imagine feeling like you are in control of your thoughts and emotions. Imagine being able to handle life's challenges with confidence. Counseling gives you the opportunity to change through new thinking patterns, self awareness, and exploring your situation with an caring professional.
Are you feeling stuck, unsatisfied or overwhelmed? Life seems to be moving fast and becoming too much to handle. You're not quite feeling like your usual self or you just feel "off". This may be effecting your relationships, career, and personal life. Imagine feeling like you are in control of your thoughts and emotions. Imagine being able to handle life's challenges with confidence. Counseling gives you the opportunity to change through new thinking patterns, self awareness, and exploring your situation with an caring professional.
(559) 205-7195 View (559) 205-7195
Photo of Stefan Paquet, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Stefan Paquet
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711
Let’s be honest, life is often a struggle. We go through hardships in our relationships, at work, school, home, and within ourselves. Some experience depression, anxiety or trauma, while others struggle to understand or accept who they are. That being said, life is also amazing and can be full of beautiful moments and experiences. The difficulty lies when our struggles get in the way of being able to enjoy those good moments. My hope as your therapist is to help you manage and overcome whatever struggles you may be experiencing, and to allow you to enjoy the beauty in life again.
Let’s be honest, life is often a struggle. We go through hardships in our relationships, at work, school, home, and within ourselves. Some experience depression, anxiety or trauma, while others struggle to understand or accept who they are. That being said, life is also amazing and can be full of beautiful moments and experiences. The difficulty lies when our struggles get in the way of being able to enjoy those good moments. My hope as your therapist is to help you manage and overcome whatever struggles you may be experiencing, and to allow you to enjoy the beauty in life again.
(559) 315-1152 View (559) 315-1152
Photo of Kierra Gordon-Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Fresno, CA
Kierra Gordon-Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711
My greatest reward as a therapist is helping others on their journey of becoming their best self, helping heal unhealed wounds, & validate other’s experiences with undeniable acceptance & warmth. As a therapist, I am passionate about helping you gain more insight into your problems or past & learn the necessary skills to overcome & achieve more peace in life. I consider it a privilege to walk alongside you at your pace & support you in navigating your way through life & toward a greater since of healing & wellness.
My greatest reward as a therapist is helping others on their journey of becoming their best self, helping heal unhealed wounds, & validate other’s experiences with undeniable acceptance & warmth. As a therapist, I am passionate about helping you gain more insight into your problems or past & learn the necessary skills to overcome & achieve more peace in life. I consider it a privilege to walk alongside you at your pace & support you in navigating your way through life & toward a greater since of healing & wellness.
(559) 527-0372 View (559) 527-0372
Photo of Juan Cabrera, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Juan Cabrera
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711
I am an advocate for social justice and aspire to reduce stigma related to mental health disorders. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, or a life transition, therapy can work for you. I believe everyone can benefit from therapy and my goal is to support you in your journey back to wholeness, healing, and personal growth. You have a voice that deserves to be heard and story that deserves to be told. Lets work together to create the change you desire for your life.
I am an advocate for social justice and aspire to reduce stigma related to mental health disorders. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, or a life transition, therapy can work for you. I believe everyone can benefit from therapy and my goal is to support you in your journey back to wholeness, healing, and personal growth. You have a voice that deserves to be heard and story that deserves to be told. Lets work together to create the change you desire for your life.
(559) 719-6863 View (559) 719-6863
Photo of Amanda Lucero Bertoldo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fresno, CA
Amanda Lucero Bertoldo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93727
Hello, my name is Amanda Bertoldo and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I love working with clients and seeing them build themselves up from the inside out. My approach to therapy is that you already have all the answers within yourself and I am here to support you in listening to your inner self to honor your feelings and advocate for what you need in your life. I provide space to share feelings, examine your thoughts and be a neutral person in your life to gain support from, and introduce you ways of dealing with difficult emotions.
Hello, my name is Amanda Bertoldo and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I love working with clients and seeing them build themselves up from the inside out. My approach to therapy is that you already have all the answers within yourself and I am here to support you in listening to your inner self to honor your feelings and advocate for what you need in your life. I provide space to share feelings, examine your thoughts and be a neutral person in your life to gain support from, and introduce you ways of dealing with difficult emotions.
(559) 529-9478 View (559) 529-9478
Photo of Allyson Torres, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fresno, CA
Allyson Torres
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711
My vision is to provide culturally competent, and solution-focused services that promote individuals’ social-emotional health and wellbeing, help to prevent the development of mental health challenges through mindfulness, and address key issues leading to one’s own mental health balance.
My vision is to provide culturally competent, and solution-focused services that promote individuals’ social-emotional health and wellbeing, help to prevent the development of mental health challenges through mindfulness, and address key issues leading to one’s own mental health balance.
(559) 380-4197 View (559) 380-4197
Photo of Haley Fuentes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Haley Fuentes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711
Have you ever felt life has to be okay all the time? Change is a normal part of life. However, we do not always know how to best navigate through the emotions brought on by these changes. Therapy can be the safe space needed to start your journey towards reaching your personal goals.
Have you ever felt life has to be okay all the time? Change is a normal part of life. However, we do not always know how to best navigate through the emotions brought on by these changes. Therapy can be the safe space needed to start your journey towards reaching your personal goals.
(559) 529-9593 View (559) 529-9593
Photo of Angelica Rodriguez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fresno, CA
Angelica Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93711
My name is Angelica Rodriguez. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I believe therapy should be a collaboration between a therapist and a client. I focus on helping clients improve the relationships that surround them. Ultimately, your most important relationship is the one that you have with yourself. I support clients to foster healthy relationships within and with others. As a bi-cultural therapist, I also pride myself on bringing cultural awareness to my approach.
My name is Angelica Rodriguez. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I believe therapy should be a collaboration between a therapist and a client. I focus on helping clients improve the relationships that surround them. Ultimately, your most important relationship is the one that you have with yourself. I support clients to foster healthy relationships within and with others. As a bi-cultural therapist, I also pride myself on bringing cultural awareness to my approach.
(559) 242-1510 View (559) 242-1510
Photo of Cheyenne Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fresno, CA
Cheyenne Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fresno, CA 93722
My name is Cheyenne Smith. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the Orange County; CA area and I work with clients statewide via telehealth. I operate from client centered, strength based, and culturally informed therapeutic approach. I believe in assisting in increasing understanding of yourself through exploring values, identifying maladaptive thought patterns, and working together to increase awareness, wholeness, and mental wellbeing In other words I work with client in developing self-actualization in order to support clients to live their best life and be their best self.
My name is Cheyenne Smith. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the Orange County; CA area and I work with clients statewide via telehealth. I operate from client centered, strength based, and culturally informed therapeutic approach. I believe in assisting in increasing understanding of yourself through exploring values, identifying maladaptive thought patterns, and working together to increase awareness, wholeness, and mental wellbeing In other words I work with client in developing self-actualization in order to support clients to live their best life and be their best self.
(559) 384-3482 View (559) 384-3482

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fresno, CA

800+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Fresno, CA who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
89% Depression
73% Coping Skills
72% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
67% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Aetna
70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
69% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Fresno, CA see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fresno?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.