Therapists in Riverside, CA

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Photo of Veronica Daniel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Riverside, CA
Veronica Daniel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Riverside, CA 92506  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
You want to live an authentic life but feel pressured to keep up with what others are doing. You’re someone who struggles with saying no and tend to seek approval and acceptance from others. You may frequently worry about things that “could happen” or the “what ifs” of what could go wrong. Maybe you get flustered when you have a lot to do in a short amount of time or have difficulty relaxing & resting due to the pressure of “hustle culture.” You may feel easily overwhelmed by loud noise, crowds of people, bright lights and need time alone to recover. You’re stuck between choosing what feels right to you vs what others think.
You want to live an authentic life but feel pressured to keep up with what others are doing. You’re someone who struggles with saying no and tend to seek approval and acceptance from others. You may frequently worry about things that “could happen” or the “what ifs” of what could go wrong. Maybe you get flustered when you have a lot to do in a short amount of time or have difficulty relaxing & resting due to the pressure of “hustle culture.” You may feel easily overwhelmed by loud noise, crowds of people, bright lights and need time alone to recover. You’re stuck between choosing what feels right to you vs what others think.
(909) 531-4345 View (909) 531-4345
Photo of Dr. Chyneitha Cook | California Teletherapy, Psychologist in Riverside, CA
Dr. Chyneitha Cook | California Teletherapy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92506  (Online Only)
Are you worried, frustrated, or just plain disappointed with certain situations in your life? Perhaps your issues are current, or maybe they have been resurfacing, with no resolution. Seeking help is a big step, but it's a step in the right direction. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and depression. My clients learn to consider all aspects of their functioning as human beings (biological, psychological, spiritual, etc.). I will assist you with developing a plan for working through the past or current situations that are hindering your progress in life, so that you can begin to function more effectively, and thrive.
Are you worried, frustrated, or just plain disappointed with certain situations in your life? Perhaps your issues are current, or maybe they have been resurfacing, with no resolution. Seeking help is a big step, but it's a step in the right direction. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and depression. My clients learn to consider all aspects of their functioning as human beings (biological, psychological, spiritual, etc.). I will assist you with developing a plan for working through the past or current situations that are hindering your progress in life, so that you can begin to function more effectively, and thrive.
(951) 330-4270 View (951) 330-4270
Photo of Dakota Meza @ Victoria Community Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Riverside, CA
Dakota Meza @ Victoria Community Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92501
Hi there, I'm Dakota! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Riverside, California. I work with clients in-person and via Telehealth. I work with young adults, adolescents, and pre-teens and I specialize in depression, anxiety, childhood trauma, and crisis intervention. I use Solution Focused Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to inspire hope, increase self-confidence, and help motivate my clients to reach their goals to start feeling better. The tone/environment I aim to create in therapy sessions for clients is a warm, non-judgmental, calm, respectful, and safe space to promote trust and comfort.
Hi there, I'm Dakota! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Riverside, California. I work with clients in-person and via Telehealth. I work with young adults, adolescents, and pre-teens and I specialize in depression, anxiety, childhood trauma, and crisis intervention. I use Solution Focused Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to inspire hope, increase self-confidence, and help motivate my clients to reach their goals to start feeling better. The tone/environment I aim to create in therapy sessions for clients is a warm, non-judgmental, calm, respectful, and safe space to promote trust and comfort.
(909) 757-1938 View (909) 757-1938
Photo of Cindy Collins, Pre-Licensed Professional in Riverside, CA
Cindy Collins
Pre-Licensed Professional, APCC
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92507  (Online Only)
Is your relationship feeling strained? Are communication breakdowns and intimacy issues leaving you feeling disconnected? Are you looking to rediscover love and connection with your partner? Do you feel like you are reaching out to your partner for love and comfort, only to feel like you are hitting a brick wall that leaves you feeling invisible? It is normal to go through phases in a relationship where you experience distress. Communication and intimacy are an ongoing process that needs to be nurtured, but life and adulting can zap you of the energy required to nurture it. Couple's therapy can help provide the roadmap.
Is your relationship feeling strained? Are communication breakdowns and intimacy issues leaving you feeling disconnected? Are you looking to rediscover love and connection with your partner? Do you feel like you are reaching out to your partner for love and comfort, only to feel like you are hitting a brick wall that leaves you feeling invisible? It is normal to go through phases in a relationship where you experience distress. Communication and intimacy are an ongoing process that needs to be nurtured, but life and adulting can zap you of the energy required to nurture it. Couple's therapy can help provide the roadmap.
(951) 466-0964 View (951) 466-0964
Photo of Bao Trinh, Psychologist in Riverside, CA
Bao Trinh
Psychologist, CP
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92508
My name Bao Trinh, PsyD and I am a licensed clinical psychologist with a background in Marriage and Family Therapy as well as Forensic psychology. I am a client centered therapist and believe everyone has innate tools and skills to resolve life's challenges, especially depression, anxiety, and interpersonal relationships.
My name Bao Trinh, PsyD and I am a licensed clinical psychologist with a background in Marriage and Family Therapy as well as Forensic psychology. I am a client centered therapist and believe everyone has innate tools and skills to resolve life's challenges, especially depression, anxiety, and interpersonal relationships.
(909) 497-5183 View (909) 497-5183
Photo of Maximiliano Cabellos, Marriage & Family Therapist in Riverside, CA
Maximiliano Cabellos
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Riverside, CA 92503
I have experience working with anger management, anxiety, depression, domestic violence, gender identity, HIV/AIDS, immigration, substance abuse, trauma, PTSD, grief/loss, and sexuality issues. I specialize in working with BIPOC, individuals, and families (CIS/LGBT), but am open to all races and cultures. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families as a unit and individually.
I have experience working with anger management, anxiety, depression, domestic violence, gender identity, HIV/AIDS, immigration, substance abuse, trauma, PTSD, grief/loss, and sexuality issues. I specialize in working with BIPOC, individuals, and families (CIS/LGBT), but am open to all races and cultures. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families as a unit and individually.
(909) 487-1943 View (909) 487-1943
Photo of Nora Martinez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Riverside, CA
Nora Martinez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92508
Life transitions and stress can impact how we feel about ourselves as well as how we interact with others. I look forward to helping you find meaning in what is most important to you despite the transitions.
Life transitions and stress can impact how we feel about ourselves as well as how we interact with others. I look forward to helping you find meaning in what is most important to you despite the transitions.
(909) 894-0816 View (909) 894-0816
Photo of Channie Amato, Marriage & Family Therapist in Riverside, CA
Channie Amato
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92503
Channie Amato is a licensed therapist practicing for over 13 years, provides a holistic, individualistic, collaborative approach to build a sense of self, better one's relationships with themselves, others, and increase healthy coping strategies i.e. breath work, mindfulness, to best support client's overall health and wellbeing. Working with older adolescents to older adults, Channie works with client's experiencing anxiety, depression, life transitions, challenges in relationships, healing from narcissist abuse, codependency, self-esteem/ self-confidence, relationship with self, grief, bereavement, trauma, PTSD, pain.
Channie Amato is a licensed therapist practicing for over 13 years, provides a holistic, individualistic, collaborative approach to build a sense of self, better one's relationships with themselves, others, and increase healthy coping strategies i.e. breath work, mindfulness, to best support client's overall health and wellbeing. Working with older adolescents to older adults, Channie works with client's experiencing anxiety, depression, life transitions, challenges in relationships, healing from narcissist abuse, codependency, self-esteem/ self-confidence, relationship with self, grief, bereavement, trauma, PTSD, pain.
(951) 417-4673 View (951) 417-4673
Diana Corzo
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92506
My primary treatment modality with most patients is to work with their thinking and their actions, a cognitive-behavioral approach. Anxiety disorders, chronic worry and low self-esteem issues are my specialties. I also work with couples in an educational format to learn effective means of communicating and problem solving. I can also help those individuals dealing with work related problems that are causing them to have distressing symptoms. Looking at life meaning/purpose and goals and values under girds each patient’s treatment as well.
My primary treatment modality with most patients is to work with their thinking and their actions, a cognitive-behavioral approach. Anxiety disorders, chronic worry and low self-esteem issues are my specialties. I also work with couples in an educational format to learn effective means of communicating and problem solving. I can also help those individuals dealing with work related problems that are causing them to have distressing symptoms. Looking at life meaning/purpose and goals and values under girds each patient’s treatment as well.
(909) 713-3930 View (909) 713-3930
Photo of Erica Threet, Counselor in Riverside, CA
Erica Threet
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92503
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and am currently licensed in several states including California, Arizona, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Hawaii, and Alaska while acquiring over 14 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, trauma-focused, ADHD, Depression, and Anxiety. I also have acquired over 5 years of working with military active duty and their immediate families.
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and am currently licensed in several states including California, Arizona, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Hawaii, and Alaska while acquiring over 14 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, trauma-focused, ADHD, Depression, and Anxiety. I also have acquired over 5 years of working with military active duty and their immediate families.
(951) 749-5865 View (951) 749-5865
Photo of Melissa Kotzin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Riverside, CA
Melissa Kotzin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Riverside, CA 92508
Energy is the force that moves everything in life. Emotional energy especially motivates one to make the changes they need to in order to live a life that they revel in, not dread. I seek to help you channel the energy within you already to promote health and well-being, both physically and mentally. I am here to encourage positive thoughts and emotions within you as you learn to manifest and harness the strength that comes from your mind, body, and spirit.
Energy is the force that moves everything in life. Emotional energy especially motivates one to make the changes they need to in order to live a life that they revel in, not dread. I seek to help you channel the energy within you already to promote health and well-being, both physically and mentally. I am here to encourage positive thoughts and emotions within you as you learn to manifest and harness the strength that comes from your mind, body, and spirit.
(909) 646-4846 View (909) 646-4846
Photo of Carol Mo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Riverside, CA
Carol Mo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92505  (Online Only)
My therapy style is adaptive, collaborative, and responsive to your unique needs and therapy goals. I am committed to supporting you in an emotionally and physically safe space as we explore ways to empower you to live a more healthy, satisfied, and meaningful life as you define it. We can together explore what that could be for you as you take the first courageous step in seeking a therapist that can support your personal healing journey. We can also adjust the pace of therapy should you choose to spend more time exploring your inner emotional and thought life, past or present challenging life circumstances.
My therapy style is adaptive, collaborative, and responsive to your unique needs and therapy goals. I am committed to supporting you in an emotionally and physically safe space as we explore ways to empower you to live a more healthy, satisfied, and meaningful life as you define it. We can together explore what that could be for you as you take the first courageous step in seeking a therapist that can support your personal healing journey. We can also adjust the pace of therapy should you choose to spend more time exploring your inner emotional and thought life, past or present challenging life circumstances.
(510) 288-9025 View (510) 288-9025
Photo of Dr. Chyneitha Cook | California Teletherapy, Psychologist in Riverside, CA
Dr. Chyneitha Cook | California Teletherapy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92506  (Online Only)
Are you worried, frustrated, or just plain disappointed with certain situations in your life? Perhaps your issues are current, or maybe they have been resurfacing, with no resolution. Seeking help is a big step, but it's a step in the right direction. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and depression. My clients learn to consider all aspects of their functioning as human beings (biological, psychological, spiritual, etc.). I will assist you with developing a plan for working through the past or current situations that are hindering your progress in life, so that you can begin to function more effectively, and thrive.
Are you worried, frustrated, or just plain disappointed with certain situations in your life? Perhaps your issues are current, or maybe they have been resurfacing, with no resolution. Seeking help is a big step, but it's a step in the right direction. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and depression. My clients learn to consider all aspects of their functioning as human beings (biological, psychological, spiritual, etc.). I will assist you with developing a plan for working through the past or current situations that are hindering your progress in life, so that you can begin to function more effectively, and thrive.
(951) 309-2042 View (951) 309-2042
Photo of Jennifer Peau, Marriage & Family Therapist in Riverside, CA
Jennifer Peau
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92506
Balance & Peace Family Counseling, Inc strives to offer a warm and comfortable environment for each individual that walks into our office. Our mission is to provide psychotherapy with compassion and empathy to help clients develop their potential, so that they can become the best version of themselves. We envision a community of individuals who embrace a belief that mental health is just as important as physical health.
Balance & Peace Family Counseling, Inc strives to offer a warm and comfortable environment for each individual that walks into our office. Our mission is to provide psychotherapy with compassion and empathy to help clients develop their potential, so that they can become the best version of themselves. We envision a community of individuals who embrace a belief that mental health is just as important as physical health.
(760) 978-6497 View (760) 978-6497
Photo of Jennifer Heidrich, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Riverside, CA
Jennifer Heidrich
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92504
Empowering Teens, Strengthening Families and Reconnecting Couples! Are you seeking guidance, understanding and support in navigating the complexities of adolescence, family dynamics or relationship challenges? This has been an all too familiar reality of so many individuals seeking to be understood, accepted and seen. Whether you're a teen grappling with identity and peer pressures, a family facing communication hurdles or a couple seeking to reignite passion and understanding, I am committed to empowering you towards positive change.
Empowering Teens, Strengthening Families and Reconnecting Couples! Are you seeking guidance, understanding and support in navigating the complexities of adolescence, family dynamics or relationship challenges? This has been an all too familiar reality of so many individuals seeking to be understood, accepted and seen. Whether you're a teen grappling with identity and peer pressures, a family facing communication hurdles or a couple seeking to reignite passion and understanding, I am committed to empowering you towards positive change.
(951) 482-8412 View (951) 482-8412
Photo of Yadira Martinez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Riverside, CA
Yadira Martinez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92505
Hi! My name is Yadira Martinez, I am a licensed marriage and family therapist in California. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, and bipolar disorder. l love working with clients who are motivated to change. I want to help clients get to the root of their problems and make their lives better. I employ a multimodal therapeutic approach based on the critical matters of each individual.
Hi! My name is Yadira Martinez, I am a licensed marriage and family therapist in California. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, and bipolar disorder. l love working with clients who are motivated to change. I want to help clients get to the root of their problems and make their lives better. I employ a multimodal therapeutic approach based on the critical matters of each individual.
(951) 904-2762 View (951) 904-2762
Photo of Curando con Esperanza Healing with Hope Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Riverside, CA
Curando con Esperanza Healing with Hope Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Riverside, CA 92519  (Online Only)
Hello, I am Jennifer Rodriguez Morrow, a Licensed psychotherapist. My background and experience are helping individuals with complex trauma, medical trauma, depression and anxiety. My interest in reproductive health counseling began when I learned I had my own struggles with infertility and miscarriage. My focus of treatment is helping individuals and couples find ways to cope through assisted reproductive treatment and life after.
Hello, I am Jennifer Rodriguez Morrow, a Licensed psychotherapist. My background and experience are helping individuals with complex trauma, medical trauma, depression and anxiety. My interest in reproductive health counseling began when I learned I had my own struggles with infertility and miscarriage. My focus of treatment is helping individuals and couples find ways to cope through assisted reproductive treatment and life after.
(951) 400-4098 View (951) 400-4098
Photo of Shelby Jernigan Roemer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Riverside, CA
Shelby Jernigan Roemer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92507
I have over 25 years of experience treating adults, couples, adolescents, and families struggling with depression, anxiety, and trauma. I am Certified in EMDR Therapy to treat PTSD and to finally heal from the past! I also have extensive experience in Executive Coaching. I am Solution Focused and ready to help you live the life you deserve now!
I have over 25 years of experience treating adults, couples, adolescents, and families struggling with depression, anxiety, and trauma. I am Certified in EMDR Therapy to treat PTSD and to finally heal from the past! I also have extensive experience in Executive Coaching. I am Solution Focused and ready to help you live the life you deserve now!
(951) 327-5753 View (951) 327-5753
Photo of Luis Resendez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Riverside, CA
Luis Resendez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Riverside, CA 92506
MEN, you are never a burden..remember that. Guys, are the pressures of new fatherhood, work, school, marriage / relationships, parenting, or just being a man in today's society too overwhelming at times? Is the stress of everyday life making it difficult to function in day to day life as well as impacting your relationships? Many men tend to not seek out support due to concerns of being seen as weak if they do so, fear of judgement by others, or previous poor experiences in therapy. Not this time. Let's get things started so you can find the peace you deserve. Keep reading to learn what I offer and how you can work with me.
MEN, you are never a burden..remember that. Guys, are the pressures of new fatherhood, work, school, marriage / relationships, parenting, or just being a man in today's society too overwhelming at times? Is the stress of everyday life making it difficult to function in day to day life as well as impacting your relationships? Many men tend to not seek out support due to concerns of being seen as weak if they do so, fear of judgement by others, or previous poor experiences in therapy. Not this time. Let's get things started so you can find the peace you deserve. Keep reading to learn what I offer and how you can work with me.
(951) 332-7134 View (951) 332-7134
Photo of Tanisha Jarmon-Flores, Marriage & Family Therapist in Riverside, CA
Tanisha Jarmon-Flores
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CAMC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Riverside, CA 92506  (Online Only)
We can’t stop life from happening, but we can learn the tools to manage our day to day and cope with things outside of our control. I became a Marriage and Family Therapist because I wanted to help others understand what drives their responses, learn to change unhealthy thought processes, and move forward mentally and emotionally. ​ I’m passionate about working with teenagers and young adults because I want to help them find the voice that society and old-world values took away. I also have a strong desire to help keep families together by encouraging their understanding of how the entire family system is impacted by mental illness.
We can’t stop life from happening, but we can learn the tools to manage our day to day and cope with things outside of our control. I became a Marriage and Family Therapist because I wanted to help others understand what drives their responses, learn to change unhealthy thought processes, and move forward mentally and emotionally. ​ I’m passionate about working with teenagers and young adults because I want to help them find the voice that society and old-world values took away. I also have a strong desire to help keep families together by encouraging their understanding of how the entire family system is impacted by mental illness.
(909) 281-9883 View (909) 281-9883

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Riverside, CA

700+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Riverside, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
70% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Relationship Issues
68% Coping Skills
64% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
75% Cigna and Evernorth
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Riverside, CA see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Riverside?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.