Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Alycia Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Alycia Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Since obtaining my license, I have worked full time at a Community Health Clinic where I provide therapy to black and brown people in Oakland with diagnosis of mostly PTSD, Anxiety and Depression. My therapy style involves using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for clients to gain insight into how their thoughts influence their emotions and behavior. I also used a strength-based approach to help clients gain insight into what their strengths are and what is going well in their lives.
Since obtaining my license, I have worked full time at a Community Health Clinic where I provide therapy to black and brown people in Oakland with diagnosis of mostly PTSD, Anxiety and Depression. My therapy style involves using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for clients to gain insight into how their thoughts influence their emotions and behavior. I also used a strength-based approach to help clients gain insight into what their strengths are and what is going well in their lives.
(510) 822-6576 View (510) 822-6576
Photo of Dania March, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Dania March
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MPH, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
The line between what we want, need, and can deal with can be a juggling act. Striking a balance is not always easy. Think of your life as an overflowing suitcase. Consider what it would be like to have help opening that suitcase, and take out or adjust a few things in it to lessen the load. That's working with me. I aim to help you find and learn to value your truest self and work on how to release, shift, or find new ways to carry your experiences and move within - or break free from - the systems you're a part of (systems like: family, school, work, community, and society).
The line between what we want, need, and can deal with can be a juggling act. Striking a balance is not always easy. Think of your life as an overflowing suitcase. Consider what it would be like to have help opening that suitcase, and take out or adjust a few things in it to lessen the load. That's working with me. I aim to help you find and learn to value your truest self and work on how to release, shift, or find new ways to carry your experiences and move within - or break free from - the systems you're a part of (systems like: family, school, work, community, and society).
(510) 356-2241 View (510) 356-2241
Photo of Laurie Navarro Misra, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Laurie Navarro Misra
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Seeking therapy is a brave gesture. It is a proclamation that you are ready to create something new, which means you are already on a path toward change. We are living at a unique time. Many people feel overwhelmed by the speed at which we are performing. Many are questioning what a life well-lived really means. It takes intention to create the kind of life that we hope for, and many of us didn't acquire the tools growing up, to help support that creation. Common to all of my clients is a desire to live more closely to what their gut is telling them rather than following old relational patterns or living by rules created by society.
Seeking therapy is a brave gesture. It is a proclamation that you are ready to create something new, which means you are already on a path toward change. We are living at a unique time. Many people feel overwhelmed by the speed at which we are performing. Many are questioning what a life well-lived really means. It takes intention to create the kind of life that we hope for, and many of us didn't acquire the tools growing up, to help support that creation. Common to all of my clients is a desire to live more closely to what their gut is telling them rather than following old relational patterns or living by rules created by society.
(510) 756-4271 View (510) 756-4271
Photo of Lizzie Pfeiffer, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Lizzie Pfeiffer
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
I work from a trauma-informed, relational, and client-centered lens. I integrate psychodynamic and attachment based theoretical approaches. I believe the relationship we build as client and therapist, as well as exploring your relationships outside of therapy, are important avenues for growth. You are the expert on your own life; I am here to listen to you and work collaboratively to empower your inherent strength and resilience. I use warmth, compassion, and humor to cultivate an affirming, non-judgemental, and trusting connection with my clients.
I work from a trauma-informed, relational, and client-centered lens. I integrate psychodynamic and attachment based theoretical approaches. I believe the relationship we build as client and therapist, as well as exploring your relationships outside of therapy, are important avenues for growth. You are the expert on your own life; I am here to listen to you and work collaboratively to empower your inherent strength and resilience. I use warmth, compassion, and humor to cultivate an affirming, non-judgemental, and trusting connection with my clients.
(415) 873-9447 View (415) 873-9447
Photo of Dr. Elizabeth Gayner, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dr. Elizabeth Gayner
Psychologist, PsyD, PMH-C
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
You never expected this journey to feel this way. The path to becoming a mother or finally settling into the role of raising your child looks so different than you imagined. Negative experiences from the past might be so suffocating it feels like you’ll never break free. The demands and pressure on you keep adding up and you’re trying to balance it at all, but your well-being always ends up on the back burner. You're putting on a brave face for everyone, but inside, you're feeling broken. Honestly, you just wish you could start feeling better or finally get what you've you've been craving for so long.
You never expected this journey to feel this way. The path to becoming a mother or finally settling into the role of raising your child looks so different than you imagined. Negative experiences from the past might be so suffocating it feels like you’ll never break free. The demands and pressure on you keep adding up and you’re trying to balance it at all, but your well-being always ends up on the back burner. You're putting on a brave face for everyone, but inside, you're feeling broken. Honestly, you just wish you could start feeling better or finally get what you've you've been craving for so long.
(415) 723-4161 View (415) 723-4161
Photo of Karen Lau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Karen Lau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Clients come to me due to anxiety, grief and trauma related concerns while facing stressors and life transitions. Life is difficult when you are experiencing mental health struggles due to health, family or marital situations, dating hardships, work conflict and/or past life experiences. It affects self confidence. You could be struggling while navigating the impact of immigration, cultural background, identity, inter-generational differences, interpersonal challenges, and career demands on your worldview and yourself. As an Asian therapist, I not only have familiarity but also cultural competency in helping APIDA individuals.
Clients come to me due to anxiety, grief and trauma related concerns while facing stressors and life transitions. Life is difficult when you are experiencing mental health struggles due to health, family or marital situations, dating hardships, work conflict and/or past life experiences. It affects self confidence. You could be struggling while navigating the impact of immigration, cultural background, identity, inter-generational differences, interpersonal challenges, and career demands on your worldview and yourself. As an Asian therapist, I not only have familiarity but also cultural competency in helping APIDA individuals.
(925) 304-3846 View (925) 304-3846
Photo of Nat Torrens, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Nat Torrens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
“I dwell in possibility.” – Emily Dickinson The possibility that you can feel better. The possibility that you can grow stronger. The possibility that you can harness your strengths in the service of your visions. The possibility that you can learn and change and become more self-aware, and that that can make a tremendous difference in your quality of life. Therapy can help. Sitting in a room and talking and thinking and feeling with someone with kind, focused attention on what’s troubling you, can help things shift, and can help you come to know yourself better. This is true for couples as well.
“I dwell in possibility.” – Emily Dickinson The possibility that you can feel better. The possibility that you can grow stronger. The possibility that you can harness your strengths in the service of your visions. The possibility that you can learn and change and become more self-aware, and that that can make a tremendous difference in your quality of life. Therapy can help. Sitting in a room and talking and thinking and feeling with someone with kind, focused attention on what’s troubling you, can help things shift, and can help you come to know yourself better. This is true for couples as well.
(510) 907-4051 View (510) 907-4051
Photo of Sara Lesser, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Sara Lesser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
If you are struggling with difficult feelings or situations I might be able to help. I enjoy connecting with clients and getting to know the uniqueness of each person I work with. I can help you make sense of your life experiences and together we can find new ways for you to be able to cope better and feel more fulfilled in your life. I really enjoy helping people to thrive and become more authentically themselves. My style is collaborative, genuine and interactive. I believe humor can be an important part of getting through difficult times.
If you are struggling with difficult feelings or situations I might be able to help. I enjoy connecting with clients and getting to know the uniqueness of each person I work with. I can help you make sense of your life experiences and together we can find new ways for you to be able to cope better and feel more fulfilled in your life. I really enjoy helping people to thrive and become more authentically themselves. My style is collaborative, genuine and interactive. I believe humor can be an important part of getting through difficult times.
(510) 878-4008 View (510) 878-4008
Photo of Jenny Turner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jenny Turner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601
I initially became a social worker to help the elderly population. Through graduate school, I have found a love for both medical social work as well as working in behavioral and mental health.
I initially became a social worker to help the elderly population. Through graduate school, I have found a love for both medical social work as well as working in behavioral and mental health.
(510) 880-1474 View (510) 880-1474
Photo of Angela M. Anderson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Angela M. Anderson, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
Do you struggle with feeling overwhelmed by your feelings and thoughts? Do you have trouble creating and maintaining relationships? Do you feel stuck? The answers we are looking for are not found in isolation but by coming together. My role is to facilitate the healing process for my clients by creating an open, nonjudgmental, and safe space to explore. Clients gain self-awareness, self-acceptance, and the skills they need to continue to heal and grow in connection with others.
Do you struggle with feeling overwhelmed by your feelings and thoughts? Do you have trouble creating and maintaining relationships? Do you feel stuck? The answers we are looking for are not found in isolation but by coming together. My role is to facilitate the healing process for my clients by creating an open, nonjudgmental, and safe space to explore. Clients gain self-awareness, self-acceptance, and the skills they need to continue to heal and grow in connection with others.
(510) 257-9468 View (510) 257-9468
Photo of Irene Schell Capuchino, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Irene Schell Capuchino
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601  (Online Only)
My approach to counseling begins with careful listening to understand your unique situation and personal goals. I will listen without judging you or rushing to a quick fix that might not be applicable for your specific situation. Many of my clients enter counseling feeling alone or overwhelmed by feelings of sadness, anxiety, anger, or stress. They may feel stuck in painful relationships that aren't working, or stuck with intense feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, dread, or inner pain. My treatment approach is gentle, educational, and experiential.
My approach to counseling begins with careful listening to understand your unique situation and personal goals. I will listen without judging you or rushing to a quick fix that might not be applicable for your specific situation. Many of my clients enter counseling feeling alone or overwhelmed by feelings of sadness, anxiety, anger, or stress. They may feel stuck in painful relationships that aren't working, or stuck with intense feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, dread, or inner pain. My treatment approach is gentle, educational, and experiential.
(510) 343-7798 View (510) 343-7798
Photo of Leslie Hammer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Leslie Hammer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
Welcome! Are you drawn to the natural world when you need to feel more grounded, calm, or inspired? Are you looking to broaden your community of support? I work with people primarily outside in the natural world, engaging in ecotherapy practices. We would meet at a local park in the East Bay Area, where we would sit, walk, or explore the area while tending to whatever stresses, questions, or emotions are arising in you.
Welcome! Are you drawn to the natural world when you need to feel more grounded, calm, or inspired? Are you looking to broaden your community of support? I work with people primarily outside in the natural world, engaging in ecotherapy practices. We would meet at a local park in the East Bay Area, where we would sit, walk, or explore the area while tending to whatever stresses, questions, or emotions are arising in you.
(510) 726-7017 View (510) 726-7017
Photo of Theo Reynolds in Oakland, CA
Theo Reynolds
MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I help you overcome your struggles in all your relationships and deepen your relationship with yourself. I guide people working with issues including relationship struggles, depression, trauma, anxiety, addiction, sexuality, loss and cultural disconnections. Using advanced modern therapy techniques, I can help support you with a wide array of problems. Couples and individuals have great success in finding more contentment in their lives by experiencing ways together to alleviate their suffering. Anger, sadness, fear and confusion will diminish and feelings of lightness, joy, peace of mind, stability and self-love will grow.
I help you overcome your struggles in all your relationships and deepen your relationship with yourself. I guide people working with issues including relationship struggles, depression, trauma, anxiety, addiction, sexuality, loss and cultural disconnections. Using advanced modern therapy techniques, I can help support you with a wide array of problems. Couples and individuals have great success in finding more contentment in their lives by experiencing ways together to alleviate their suffering. Anger, sadness, fear and confusion will diminish and feelings of lightness, joy, peace of mind, stability and self-love will grow.
(510) 681-0820 View (510) 681-0820
Photo of Duygu Balan Come As You Are Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Oakland, CA
Duygu Balan Come As You Are Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, LMHC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Are you stuck somewhere? Did you hit a wall? Do you want to heal an old wound? Restore access to yourself? Cultivate a deeper understanding of the world around you? Explore repeating patterns? Break toxic cycles? Come as you are. Do you want to adjust to the changes in your life? Absorb a loss? Reassess your life goals? Overcome a challenge? Increase your self awareness? Be more present in the moment? Find your voice? Feel more empowered, more vibrant, more whole? Come as you are. I specialize in trauma, attachment wounding, adverse childhood experiences, dysfunctional narratives and toxic relationship cycles.
Are you stuck somewhere? Did you hit a wall? Do you want to heal an old wound? Restore access to yourself? Cultivate a deeper understanding of the world around you? Explore repeating patterns? Break toxic cycles? Come as you are. Do you want to adjust to the changes in your life? Absorb a loss? Reassess your life goals? Overcome a challenge? Increase your self awareness? Be more present in the moment? Find your voice? Feel more empowered, more vibrant, more whole? Come as you are. I specialize in trauma, attachment wounding, adverse childhood experiences, dysfunctional narratives and toxic relationship cycles.
(415) 539-2530 View (415) 539-2530
Photo of Christina Hourany, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Christina Hourany
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
If you are reading this, you have chosen to take the first step to healing. This decision is a demonstration of your resiliency, strength, and courage to be vulnerable, something to be immensely proud of. My therapeutic approach in working with individuals and couples is integrative. I recognize that no two persons are the same and that each person requires a treatment plan that is adapted to meet their needs. I recognize that experiences of trauma and pain are two unavoidable life experiences. However, I believe that there is a resiliency and strength inside each individual that supports a path of healing.
If you are reading this, you have chosen to take the first step to healing. This decision is a demonstration of your resiliency, strength, and courage to be vulnerable, something to be immensely proud of. My therapeutic approach in working with individuals and couples is integrative. I recognize that no two persons are the same and that each person requires a treatment plan that is adapted to meet their needs. I recognize that experiences of trauma and pain are two unavoidable life experiences. However, I believe that there is a resiliency and strength inside each individual that supports a path of healing.
(925) 701-9385 View (925) 701-9385
Photo of David Chung, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
David Chung
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I care deeply about supporting my clients on their evolving journey towards healing and returning to the truth of who they really are, and I honor their autonomy and unique life experiences as essential to their growth and unfolding. Coming from a first-gen immigrant family, I know that our lives can often be impacted by layers of familial & cultural pressures, trauma, and childhood wounding. I hold compassionate space to explore these aspects of experience through a holistic and trauma-informed lens. As an integrative therapist, I use a variety of approaches including EMDR.
I care deeply about supporting my clients on their evolving journey towards healing and returning to the truth of who they really are, and I honor their autonomy and unique life experiences as essential to their growth and unfolding. Coming from a first-gen immigrant family, I know that our lives can often be impacted by layers of familial & cultural pressures, trauma, and childhood wounding. I hold compassionate space to explore these aspects of experience through a holistic and trauma-informed lens. As an integrative therapist, I use a variety of approaches including EMDR.
(510) 330-0465 View (510) 330-0465
Photo of Nati Porat in Oakland, CA
Nati Porat
MEd, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
I specialize in helping sensitive seekers, who struggle with stuckness, anxiety, grief and longing, to access their embodied wisdom so they can cultivate a fulfilling relationship with self and live courageously, as creative expressions of their unique soul.
I specialize in helping sensitive seekers, who struggle with stuckness, anxiety, grief and longing, to access their embodied wisdom so they can cultivate a fulfilling relationship with self and live courageously, as creative expressions of their unique soul.
(510) 630-2807 View (510) 630-2807
Photo of Ashley Kellem, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Ashley Kellem
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
I have worked both personally and professionally, with children, teens, families, adults, and those with terminal illnesses. I have facilitated group work focused around Dreams and community-integration, and have a specialization in Ketamine-Assisted Therapy as an adjunct to psychotherapy. While I work with a variety of demographics and backgrounds, I’ve found my work most focused around those suffering from eating disorders, addictions, women’s issues, terminal illness, grief and spiritual emergence. Those whose realities feel tenuous, who want to take back control of their life. Who they are, and who they hope to be.
I have worked both personally and professionally, with children, teens, families, adults, and those with terminal illnesses. I have facilitated group work focused around Dreams and community-integration, and have a specialization in Ketamine-Assisted Therapy as an adjunct to psychotherapy. While I work with a variety of demographics and backgrounds, I’ve found my work most focused around those suffering from eating disorders, addictions, women’s issues, terminal illness, grief and spiritual emergence. Those whose realities feel tenuous, who want to take back control of their life. Who they are, and who they hope to be.
(510) 944-1671 View (510) 944-1671
Photo of Ellen P Davis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Ellen P Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601
Waitlist for new clients
Each person is unique, therefore so are their concerns. I approach therapy based on the individuality of each adult, teen, and child, and their personal needs. Assisting you in working though thought patterns and feelings that are causing you distress is my goal. Being the parent of a tween/teen, you might find yourself looking for answers to questions that allude you. Often there are issues you would like to have a better understanding of, or a way to process them. I will assist you in finding the tools needed for you or your child to live a less stressful and more fulfilling life.
Each person is unique, therefore so are their concerns. I approach therapy based on the individuality of each adult, teen, and child, and their personal needs. Assisting you in working though thought patterns and feelings that are causing you distress is my goal. Being the parent of a tween/teen, you might find yourself looking for answers to questions that allude you. Often there are issues you would like to have a better understanding of, or a way to process them. I will assist you in finding the tools needed for you or your child to live a less stressful and more fulfilling life.
(510) 683-5269 View (510) 683-5269
Photo of Lisa Horowitz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lisa Horowitz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
I’m an interactive and solution-focused therapist seeing individual adult clients only. It is important to me that you feel heard and understood. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and questions about your identity or place in the world, therapy can help. I will work with you to determine what your needs and goals are and do my best to support you in a meaningful and expeditious way.
I’m an interactive and solution-focused therapist seeing individual adult clients only. It is important to me that you feel heard and understood. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and questions about your identity or place in the world, therapy can help. I will work with you to determine what your needs and goals are and do my best to support you in a meaningful and expeditious way.
(510) 330-2470 View (510) 330-2470

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
22% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.