Therapists in Detroit, MI
Niyama Center (accepting new client--this week!)
LMSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Detroit, MI 48226 (Online Only)
Using a variety of techniques, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and EMDR we will help you find ways to skillfully manage your emotions.
This constant anxiety, followed by crippling bouts of depression, is preventing you from living your life. Even on good days, your negative self-talk beats you into a sleepy paralysis. Everyone can be hard on themselves, but your mind has become downright violent. It’s exhausting trying to anticipate when it will strike next. You can’t trust your own thoughts. It’s obvious that your painful past isn’t going away on its own. It takes all you’ve got to get through the day. And most days it takes more than that. Stuck in a vicious cycle with no end in sight, you know you can’t handle this alone anymore. But what choice do you have?
Using a variety of techniques, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and EMDR we will help you find ways to skillfully manage your emotions.
This constant anxiety, followed by crippling bouts of depression, is preventing you from living your life. Even on good days, your negative self-talk beats you into a sleepy paralysis. Everyone can be hard on themselves, but your mind has become downright violent. It’s exhausting trying to anticipate when it will strike next. You can’t trust your own thoughts. It’s obvious that your painful past isn’t going away on its own. It takes all you’ve got to get through the day. And most days it takes more than that. Stuck in a vicious cycle with no end in sight, you know you can’t handle this alone anymore. But what choice do you have?
Lindsey Farlow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Detroit, MI 48203 (Online Only)
Lindsey is a licensed social worker who has experience with various populations and challenges. She specializes in relationship building in regards to family, couple/martial, and sibling bonds. Lindsey utilizes individual and group training interventions in order for families to implement positive behavioral techniques for challenging behaviors and obtain psycho-education of various diagnoses and interventions. She is trained in evidence-based treatments including CBT, DBT, Positive Family Interventions, Zones of Regulation, Motivational Interviewing, TF-CBT, Empowerment Theory, Crisis and Suicide Preventions.
Lindsey is a licensed social worker who has experience with various populations and challenges. She specializes in relationship building in regards to family, couple/martial, and sibling bonds. Lindsey utilizes individual and group training interventions in order for families to implement positive behavioral techniques for challenging behaviors and obtain psycho-education of various diagnoses and interventions. She is trained in evidence-based treatments including CBT, DBT, Positive Family Interventions, Zones of Regulation, Motivational Interviewing, TF-CBT, Empowerment Theory, Crisis and Suicide Preventions.
Brittany N Christopher
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Detroit, MI 48221 (Online Only)
I am eclectic therapist with training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Person Centered and Narrative Therapy.
Life is all about decisions from the moment we wake up to the minute we go to bed. Some decisions we make with ease because the answer just makes sense. Others come with a level of difficulty that we may or may not be prepared for. Some answers come easy, while others take some thought. As we move through life, and begin making decisions about work, relationships, and family we sometimes forget about ourselves – wanting to be everything for everybody and leaving very little for ourselves. If you’ve ever found yourself feeling exhausted from helping others (burnout or compassion fatigue), you’re in the right place to re-center.
I am eclectic therapist with training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Person Centered and Narrative Therapy.
Life is all about decisions from the moment we wake up to the minute we go to bed. Some decisions we make with ease because the answer just makes sense. Others come with a level of difficulty that we may or may not be prepared for. Some answers come easy, while others take some thought. As we move through life, and begin making decisions about work, relationships, and family we sometimes forget about ourselves – wanting to be everything for everybody and leaving very little for ourselves. If you’ve ever found yourself feeling exhausted from helping others (burnout or compassion fatigue), you’re in the right place to re-center.
Jen Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Detroit, MI 48206
Hi! I'm Jen! I've acquired 10 years thus far in service. I enjoy supporting the mental health of individuals, promoting self-actualization and how the root of a problem connects with patterns of behaviors. I focus on encouragement of strengths between parent/child relationships, when working with teens. I work best with First Responders, CPTSD, LGBTQ+ community, teens, motherhood/women’s issues, substance abuse recovery. Interventions utilized may be: talk therapy, skill-based practice, DBT-informed, mindfulness, problem-interpersonal-solution , trauma-informed, somatic-connections, person-centered planning, and gender exploration.
Hi! I'm Jen! I've acquired 10 years thus far in service. I enjoy supporting the mental health of individuals, promoting self-actualization and how the root of a problem connects with patterns of behaviors. I focus on encouragement of strengths between parent/child relationships, when working with teens. I work best with First Responders, CPTSD, LGBTQ+ community, teens, motherhood/women’s issues, substance abuse recovery. Interventions utilized may be: talk therapy, skill-based practice, DBT-informed, mindfulness, problem-interpersonal-solution , trauma-informed, somatic-connections, person-centered planning, and gender exploration.
Mallory Godin Restore Renew Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, CRC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Detroit, MI 48201 (Online Only)
Welcome! Here at Restore & Renew Counseling, we value a holistic approach to counseling. Counseling is an investment in oneself and you are worth it! I have years of extensive training working with athletes, college students, and maternal health. Specifically, I work with infertility, pregnancy, and postpartum related concerns, anxiety, depression, ADHD, chronic pain, relationship conflicts, parenting, work-life balance, career coaching issues and more. I use an integrated and holistic approach to counseling - Christian Counseling, Talk Therapy, CBT, DBT, ACT, IFS, and Gottman Method.
Welcome! Here at Restore & Renew Counseling, we value a holistic approach to counseling. Counseling is an investment in oneself and you are worth it! I have years of extensive training working with athletes, college students, and maternal health. Specifically, I work with infertility, pregnancy, and postpartum related concerns, anxiety, depression, ADHD, chronic pain, relationship conflicts, parenting, work-life balance, career coaching issues and more. I use an integrated and holistic approach to counseling - Christian Counseling, Talk Therapy, CBT, DBT, ACT, IFS, and Gottman Method.
Katie Potts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Detroit, MI 48214 (Online Only)
I also use a a therapy called Dialectical Behavior Therapy as well as Body based treatment to help stress in your body.
Hello and Welcome, I am so glad you found me! if you are someone who has been thinking of starting counseling I am glad you found me. I help all types of people including men and women who want to be able to navigate challenges in their life and know how to skillfully handle stressful situations and reduce feelings of burnout and overwhelm! I can help people that struggle with anxiety, depression, PTSD, relationship struggles, singles, and couples.
I also use a a therapy called Dialectical Behavior Therapy as well as Body based treatment to help stress in your body.
Hello and Welcome, I am so glad you found me! if you are someone who has been thinking of starting counseling I am glad you found me. I help all types of people including men and women who want to be able to navigate challenges in their life and know how to skillfully handle stressful situations and reduce feelings of burnout and overwhelm! I can help people that struggle with anxiety, depression, PTSD, relationship struggles, singles, and couples.
Kylene Frank Dccs Pllc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Detroit, MI 48201 (Online Only)
I have extensive experience in crisis work and utilize CBT, DBT, and holistic approaches in my practice.
As a therapist, I understand that it can take time to develop a relationship and open up to a stranger about personal life and history. My goal is to work with each person to create a trusting relationship that allows each individual to be heard and respected. I value looking at each client's individual and unique strengths to help them find creative strategies that best fit their needs and lifestyles so that they can be successful in both their short-term and long-term goals.
I have extensive experience in crisis work and utilize CBT, DBT, and holistic approaches in my practice.
As a therapist, I understand that it can take time to develop a relationship and open up to a stranger about personal life and history. My goal is to work with each person to create a trusting relationship that allows each individual to be heard and respected. I value looking at each client's individual and unique strengths to help them find creative strategies that best fit their needs and lifestyles so that they can be successful in both their short-term and long-term goals.
Suzanne Webb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Detroit, MI 48201 (Online Only)
The therapeutic modalities I use are Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI).
You strive for perfection in everything you do, but the pressure inside is building up. You act so strong like you have it all together, yet internally you overanalyze everything. It’s difficult for you to take breaks and struggle to ask for help. You fear failure and don’t want to let other people down. You prioritize taking care of everyone else and neglect your own needs. It is time for a change. It’s time to learn how to listen to your inner voice. You are ready to live a life free of self-criticism, workaholism, and perfectionism.
The therapeutic modalities I use are Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI).
You strive for perfection in everything you do, but the pressure inside is building up. You act so strong like you have it all together, yet internally you overanalyze everything. It’s difficult for you to take breaks and struggle to ask for help. You fear failure and don’t want to let other people down. You prioritize taking care of everyone else and neglect your own needs. It is time for a change. It’s time to learn how to listen to your inner voice. You are ready to live a life free of self-criticism, workaholism, and perfectionism.
Lavenda T Rogers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Lavenda, MSW, LCSWA, LLMSW, LCASA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Detroit, MI 48203 (Online Only)
I am skilled in delivering TF-CBT Services, DBT, Solution Focused Therapy, and mindfulness activities in a non-traditional setting.
I am compassionate, person-centered, solution-focused, and dedicated to providing exceptional services that are treatment plan driven, as well as, consumer centered. My background consists of providing therapy to individuals, families, and children experiencing trauma and lifestyle adjustments. My credentials consist of LLMSW and LCSWA and certification in intimate partner violence.
I am skilled in delivering TF-CBT Services, DBT, Solution Focused Therapy, and mindfulness activities in a non-traditional setting.
I am compassionate, person-centered, solution-focused, and dedicated to providing exceptional services that are treatment plan driven, as well as, consumer centered. My background consists of providing therapy to individuals, families, and children experiencing trauma and lifestyle adjustments. My credentials consist of LLMSW and LCSWA and certification in intimate partner violence.
Victoria Guster-Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Detroit, MI 48203
Furthermore, I utilize evidenced-based treatments including Cognitive Behavioral therapy, Mindful Self-Compassion, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy.
There are times in life when we feel overwhelmed, stressed, worried, and just need support. Sometimes it may be difficult to manage responsibilities, work, and relationships. A strong, client-led, therapeutic relationship can help empower us to enhance our strengths, improve coping skills, and establish healthy boundaries. My focus is to support clients through a strength-based lens. I use the therapeutic alliance to collaborate with you to identify your needs and goals while treating you as a unique person. Therapy is a safe space where I work to help you feel heard and affirmed in thoughts, ideas and identities.
Furthermore, I utilize evidenced-based treatments including Cognitive Behavioral therapy, Mindful Self-Compassion, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy.
There are times in life when we feel overwhelmed, stressed, worried, and just need support. Sometimes it may be difficult to manage responsibilities, work, and relationships. A strong, client-led, therapeutic relationship can help empower us to enhance our strengths, improve coping skills, and establish healthy boundaries. My focus is to support clients through a strength-based lens. I use the therapeutic alliance to collaborate with you to identify your needs and goals while treating you as a unique person. Therapy is a safe space where I work to help you feel heard and affirmed in thoughts, ideas and identities.
Introspective Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Detroit, MI 48223
We are an eclectic, trauma-informed practice with Brainspotting, Prepare Enrich, CBT, DBT, Mindfulness and ACT trained therapists.
Office, Virtual, Weekend and Evening Appointments Available! We work with folks who give of themselves freely but find it hard to be on the receiving end; rebellious teens who are bright, quiet or outspoken but also largely misunderstood; disillusioned parents and couples who are unhappy with the way things are but are committed to getting things back on track. You are welcome here! We specialize in treating anxiety, depression, stress and trauma in BIPOC, Black and African American teens and adults. If you are considering the courageous next step toward a life of thriving, we'd be honored to partner with you on your journey.
We are an eclectic, trauma-informed practice with Brainspotting, Prepare Enrich, CBT, DBT, Mindfulness and ACT trained therapists.
Office, Virtual, Weekend and Evening Appointments Available! We work with folks who give of themselves freely but find it hard to be on the receiving end; rebellious teens who are bright, quiet or outspoken but also largely misunderstood; disillusioned parents and couples who are unhappy with the way things are but are committed to getting things back on track. You are welcome here! We specialize in treating anxiety, depression, stress and trauma in BIPOC, Black and African American teens and adults. If you are considering the courageous next step toward a life of thriving, we'd be honored to partner with you on your journey.
15 Second Videos
Niyama Center (accepting new client--this week!)
Deena Dwaik
Kandice Moss
Serenity Psychotherapy LLC
Shadae Roberson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Detroit, MI 48214 (Online Only)
The evidence based practice approaches that I often utilize are cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and acceptance and commitment therapy.
Let’s be honest. People don't care what you know until they know that you care. I have been in your position before. Shuffling through profiles with uncertainty of if I would finally find someone who understands and can help. My empathy derives from being where you are before. We all face stumbling blocks in life. Noticing unhealthy relationship patterns? Interested in coping skills and boundary setting? Have you experienced trauma? Had difficulties moving forward due to grief/loss? Together, we can process concerns and meet realistic goals. There is no time better than now to become a better version of yourself.
The evidence based practice approaches that I often utilize are cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and acceptance and commitment therapy.
Let’s be honest. People don't care what you know until they know that you care. I have been in your position before. Shuffling through profiles with uncertainty of if I would finally find someone who understands and can help. My empathy derives from being where you are before. We all face stumbling blocks in life. Noticing unhealthy relationship patterns? Interested in coping skills and boundary setting? Have you experienced trauma? Had difficulties moving forward due to grief/loss? Together, we can process concerns and meet realistic goals. There is no time better than now to become a better version of yourself.
Malanna Simmons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Detroit, MI 48202 (Online Only)
Overall, I consider myself a "worldly nurturer". "Worldly", because I have worked with people from all backgrounds, cultures, ages, and walks of life to "nurture" their potential. All of my experiences have taught me the foundational skills that I use in my profession today, which are: patience, the ability to listen, the understanding that listening is as paramount as speaking, the capabilities to be resourceful, valuing modesty and humility whilst still being confident and capable, and having faith in my skill-set while still being open to professionally growing and developing.
Overall, I consider myself a "worldly nurturer". "Worldly", because I have worked with people from all backgrounds, cultures, ages, and walks of life to "nurture" their potential. All of my experiences have taught me the foundational skills that I use in my profession today, which are: patience, the ability to listen, the understanding that listening is as paramount as speaking, the capabilities to be resourceful, valuing modesty and humility whilst still being confident and capable, and having faith in my skill-set while still being open to professionally growing and developing.
Deena Dwaik
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Detroit, MI 48202 (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges, struggling with anxiety or depression, or navigating through difficult transitions? As a counseling intern, I understand the complexities of the human mind and the courage it takes to seek support. My goal is to create a safe, nonjudgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings openly. Whether you're seeking to improve your relationships, cope with past traumas, or simply find clarity in your life, I'm here to support you every step of the way.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges, struggling with anxiety or depression, or navigating through difficult transitions? As a counseling intern, I understand the complexities of the human mind and the courage it takes to seek support. My goal is to create a safe, nonjudgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings openly. Whether you're seeking to improve your relationships, cope with past traumas, or simply find clarity in your life, I'm here to support you every step of the way.
Ashley Gilliard
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
Detroit, MI 48221 (Online Only)
Life can be an overwhelming experience and navigating mental health can be difficult. But I am here to navigate through these experiences with you. I am a licensed masters level psychologist. My desire is to enhance the mental health and emotional well- being of my clients, by providing everyone with appropriate person-centered and individualized therapy. I believe rapport is the driving force in developing healthy therapeutic relationship. I offer a safe, welcoming, nonjudgmental environment where everyone feels safe. I use evidence-based practices to support you through a person centered and strength based counseling.
Life can be an overwhelming experience and navigating mental health can be difficult. But I am here to navigate through these experiences with you. I am a licensed masters level psychologist. My desire is to enhance the mental health and emotional well- being of my clients, by providing everyone with appropriate person-centered and individualized therapy. I believe rapport is the driving force in developing healthy therapeutic relationship. I offer a safe, welcoming, nonjudgmental environment where everyone feels safe. I use evidence-based practices to support you through a person centered and strength based counseling.
Healthy Minds, Healthy Hearts
Counselor, MA, LLP, M-DIV
Verified Verified
Detroit, MI 48220
We are experienced counselors and therapist servicing the Metro Detroit area specializing in meeting the mental, emotional and spiritual needs of each client. We provide the following services: individual, adolescent & family therapy, premarital classes, marriage & couples counseling. The counseling we offer is based on the specific needs of the client and provides a sound foundation in the word of God. We counsel people from all faiths and religious orientations, including those with no orientation at all. Our vision is to help each client live healthy and productive lives through the empowerment and application of God's word.
We are experienced counselors and therapist servicing the Metro Detroit area specializing in meeting the mental, emotional and spiritual needs of each client. We provide the following services: individual, adolescent & family therapy, premarital classes, marriage & couples counseling. The counseling we offer is based on the specific needs of the client and provides a sound foundation in the word of God. We counsel people from all faiths and religious orientations, including those with no orientation at all. Our vision is to help each client live healthy and productive lives through the empowerment and application of God's word.
Innovative Therapeutic Solutions, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC, SAP, CSSW, LLPC
Verified Verified
Detroit, MI 48226 (Online Only)
ITS provides mental, health and social services to those in need. ITS offers a collaboration of services for everyone, from the elderly to people with disabilities.These services includes Clinical Services, In-Home and Social Services which include Case Management services that can assist with improving your quality of life. ITS is credentialed and certified in thousands of insurance companies. All clinicians are CAQH (Counsel for Affordable Quality Healthcare) attested. We can help you with trauma, domestic violence, grief and loss, anger, depression, Substance Use Disorders, Personality Disorders, Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
ITS provides mental, health and social services to those in need. ITS offers a collaboration of services for everyone, from the elderly to people with disabilities.These services includes Clinical Services, In-Home and Social Services which include Case Management services that can assist with improving your quality of life. ITS is credentialed and certified in thousands of insurance companies. All clinicians are CAQH (Counsel for Affordable Quality Healthcare) attested. We can help you with trauma, domestic violence, grief and loss, anger, depression, Substance Use Disorders, Personality Disorders, Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
Jordan Moody-Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Detroit, MI 48221 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
You feel physically, mentally, and emotionally drained! You are consumed by thoughts and feel stuck. You push your own needs to the side and try to cope but find yourself feeling even worse. Maybe you lose patience quickly, find that simple conflict seems to feel explosive and impossible to get past, are having trouble communicating with your partner, and feel incredibly uncomfortable in your own skin. You’ve found ways to just get by, but never feel genuinely balanced, and find yourself wondering if this is really as good as life gets. Fortunately, it doesn’t have to be this way. We can work together to create lasting change.
You feel physically, mentally, and emotionally drained! You are consumed by thoughts and feel stuck. You push your own needs to the side and try to cope but find yourself feeling even worse. Maybe you lose patience quickly, find that simple conflict seems to feel explosive and impossible to get past, are having trouble communicating with your partner, and feel incredibly uncomfortable in your own skin. You’ve found ways to just get by, but never feel genuinely balanced, and find yourself wondering if this is really as good as life gets. Fortunately, it doesn’t have to be this way. We can work together to create lasting change.
Evolution Counseling and Consulting
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CRC, LBSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Detroit, MI 48202 (Online Only)
My ideal client is YOU. Yes, because you're currently seeking support and are courageous enough to take the biggest step. My ideal client is someone seeking to evolve, grow and work on themselves. If you're feeling like you're not growing in some area of your life, then let's work on a growth plan. Counseling is an opportunity for you to have a supportive, confidential, and safe place to discuss your concerns, increase knowledge about yourself, perceived challenges and strengthen you.
My ideal client is YOU. Yes, because you're currently seeking support and are courageous enough to take the biggest step. My ideal client is someone seeking to evolve, grow and work on themselves. If you're feeling like you're not growing in some area of your life, then let's work on a growth plan. Counseling is an opportunity for you to have a supportive, confidential, and safe place to discuss your concerns, increase knowledge about yourself, perceived challenges and strengthen you.
Allyson D Andrews
Pre-Licensed Professional, MBA, MSW, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Detroit, MI 48226
Life gives us all sorts of things we never asked for or weren't prepared to handle. How we process those things is important. Whether you're dealing with depression, grief, anxiety, anger, or anything else - there's hope. There is always hope on the other side. I take a relational partnership approach to each of my client's healing journey. We work together to walk back where your emotions are stemming from and how to process and move forward towards a meaningful & fulfilling life.
Life gives us all sorts of things we never asked for or weren't prepared to handle. How we process those things is important. Whether you're dealing with depression, grief, anxiety, anger, or anything else - there's hope. There is always hope on the other side. I take a relational partnership approach to each of my client's healing journey. We work together to walk back where your emotions are stemming from and how to process and move forward towards a meaningful & fulfilling life.
See more therapy options for Detroit
Nearby Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists Searches for Detroit
- Allen Park
- Dearborn
- Ferndale
- Grosse Pointe
- Grosse Pointe Farms
- Grosse Pointe Park
- Harper Woods
- Huntington Woods
- Madison Heights
- Oak Park
- Pleasant Ridge
- Warren
Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists
Who is DBT for?
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.
Why do people need DBT?
The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behavior and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.
What happens in DBT?
Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behavior, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.
How long does DBT last?
Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioral change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behavior; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.