Therapists in Plano, TX

Photo of Anna Pavlisova, Pre-Licensed Professional in Plano, TX
Anna Pavlisova
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
Life and families can get a bit messy. Navigating the path of family life is undoubtedly one of the most challenging yet rewarding journeys. Hi! I am Anna Pavlisova, and I am a graduate student intern completing my practicum at Abilene Christian University to satisfy the requirement to obtain my master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. As I start my journey as a marriage and family therapy graduate student intern under the supervision of Dr. Kristina Dingus Keuhlen, Ph.D., LMFT-S (202859), I strive to foster a safe and non-judgmental space, tailoring my client-focused approach to meet each client unique needs.
Life and families can get a bit messy. Navigating the path of family life is undoubtedly one of the most challenging yet rewarding journeys. Hi! I am Anna Pavlisova, and I am a graduate student intern completing my practicum at Abilene Christian University to satisfy the requirement to obtain my master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. As I start my journey as a marriage and family therapy graduate student intern under the supervision of Dr. Kristina Dingus Keuhlen, Ph.D., LMFT-S (202859), I strive to foster a safe and non-judgmental space, tailoring my client-focused approach to meet each client unique needs.
(972) 779-9685 View (972) 779-9685
Photo of Brooke McGillewie, Licensed Master Social Worker in Plano, TX
Brooke McGillewie
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75023
If you are reading this, you likely have spent quite some time trying to pick out the "perfect" therapist for you. Finding someone you connect with and feel safe in sharing your life experience with can feel like a daunting task. I hope to be that person for all of the clients I work with. I firmly believe in taking a compassionate, non-judgmental approach to therapy and like to meet my clients where they are at. I also know that each human being is different, and therefore will have different needs in therapy. As such, I like to tailor my care to meet each of those unique needs with an individualized approach.
If you are reading this, you likely have spent quite some time trying to pick out the "perfect" therapist for you. Finding someone you connect with and feel safe in sharing your life experience with can feel like a daunting task. I hope to be that person for all of the clients I work with. I firmly believe in taking a compassionate, non-judgmental approach to therapy and like to meet my clients where they are at. I also know that each human being is different, and therefore will have different needs in therapy. As such, I like to tailor my care to meet each of those unique needs with an individualized approach.
(469) 640-3689 View (469) 640-3689
Photo of Kristi Stevens, Licensed Professional Counselor in Plano, TX
Kristi Stevens
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-A
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
I love my work and I am excited to be where I am today! I have an Undergraduate Degree in Psychology and my Master of Science in Counseling. I attended Texas A&M University Commerce. I have a passion for helping people grow and being there to see the progress. It's an incredible experience to see someone develop the tools they need to make change on their own. I have worked with adolescents ages 12 and up, along with adults of all ages with a strong emphasis in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness.
I love my work and I am excited to be where I am today! I have an Undergraduate Degree in Psychology and my Master of Science in Counseling. I attended Texas A&M University Commerce. I have a passion for helping people grow and being there to see the progress. It's an incredible experience to see someone develop the tools they need to make change on their own. I have worked with adolescents ages 12 and up, along with adults of all ages with a strong emphasis in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness.
(972) 842-0843 View (972) 842-0843
Photo of Bianca Javery, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Plano, TX
Bianca Javery
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
I work with couples to address communication differences and past hurts that were never fully repaired. Our past experiences often influence how we interact with our partners today. I strive to create a safe space where curiousity, empathy, and genuine connection are at the forefront of therapy as we take the time we need to build a sturdy foundation for change. I see it as my role to acknowledge the complexities of your relationship while providing support as you heal and build a stronger bond for the future.
I work with couples to address communication differences and past hurts that were never fully repaired. Our past experiences often influence how we interact with our partners today. I strive to create a safe space where curiousity, empathy, and genuine connection are at the forefront of therapy as we take the time we need to build a sturdy foundation for change. I see it as my role to acknowledge the complexities of your relationship while providing support as you heal and build a stronger bond for the future.
(972) 645-2411 View (972) 645-2411
Photo of Jasia Sajjad, Licensed Professional Counselor in Plano, TX
Jasia Sajjad
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75024
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that every human being has the strength within themselves to heal and grow. I just help guide the process. I believe in holistic healing and that healing is a composite of all of our different parts coming together in harmony. I am passionate about empowering people to be at the helm of their thoughts and emotions. I am here to listen, to understand, to invest my effort fully in your growth and to provide you the calm space where you can leave behind your worries and stress to face the world with renewed strength.
I believe that every human being has the strength within themselves to heal and grow. I just help guide the process. I believe in holistic healing and that healing is a composite of all of our different parts coming together in harmony. I am passionate about empowering people to be at the helm of their thoughts and emotions. I am here to listen, to understand, to invest my effort fully in your growth and to provide you the calm space where you can leave behind your worries and stress to face the world with renewed strength.
(469) 300-5522 View (469) 300-5522
Photo of Dr. Rachel Moore, Marriage & Family Therapist in Plano, TX
Dr. Rachel Moore
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
I believe healthy relationships are key to living a happier and more fulfilling life. There’s no denying that relationships are hard, especially when life throws unexpected obstacles our way. Relationships are complex, whether it be the relationship you have with yourself, or the ones with your parents, siblings, partner, family members, friends, or co-workers. Maybe you’re feeling overwhelmed, discouraged, or stuck. Perhaps you are feeling disconnected, frustrated, or unappreciated in your relationships. Or you might be on a journey of personal growth or seeking to strengthen your relationships, but are not sure where to start.
I believe healthy relationships are key to living a happier and more fulfilling life. There’s no denying that relationships are hard, especially when life throws unexpected obstacles our way. Relationships are complex, whether it be the relationship you have with yourself, or the ones with your parents, siblings, partner, family members, friends, or co-workers. Maybe you’re feeling overwhelmed, discouraged, or stuck. Perhaps you are feeling disconnected, frustrated, or unappreciated in your relationships. Or you might be on a journey of personal growth or seeking to strengthen your relationships, but are not sure where to start.
(469) 809-4866 View (469) 809-4866
Photo of Sydney Spradlin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Plano, TX
Sydney Spradlin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75023
My client comes to me questioning who they are (identity problems) and having problems functioning in life and especially relationships. They have usually experienced trauma and abuse as children and are seeking to break maladaptive coping habits that are causing them pain. My joy is to help them alleviate their anxiety, depression and alienation while supporting them in discovering who they were created to be. They find hope and self mastery in discovering their realistic best self
My client comes to me questioning who they are (identity problems) and having problems functioning in life and especially relationships. They have usually experienced trauma and abuse as children and are seeking to break maladaptive coping habits that are causing them pain. My joy is to help them alleviate their anxiety, depression and alienation while supporting them in discovering who they were created to be. They find hope and self mastery in discovering their realistic best self
(469) 552-2673 View (469) 552-2673
Photo of Janis Rene Hampton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Plano, TX
Janis Rene Hampton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75024
Rene is a LPC in the state of Texas holding a Master's degree in counseling from Saint Edward’s University. With over a decade of experience and knowledge, she treats people who are experiencing anxiety, codependency, career change, depression, disordered eating, divorce, enabling behavior, family of origin issues, grief/loss, life transitions, pre-marital /marriage concerns, relationship stressors, self-esteem, substance use/abuse and women’s issues. She works with teens, adults, and couples.
Rene is a LPC in the state of Texas holding a Master's degree in counseling from Saint Edward’s University. With over a decade of experience and knowledge, she treats people who are experiencing anxiety, codependency, career change, depression, disordered eating, divorce, enabling behavior, family of origin issues, grief/loss, life transitions, pre-marital /marriage concerns, relationship stressors, self-esteem, substance use/abuse and women’s issues. She works with teens, adults, and couples.
(972) 845-4723 View (972) 845-4723
Photo of Keely C. Black, Licensed Professional Counselor in Plano, TX
Keely C. Black
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75024  (Online Only)
My clinical approach to counseling is person centered which includes respect and sincerity to each client. Among the many positive feedbacks I receive is non-judgmental, opened minded, warm and I offer a safe environment to allow sharing thoughts and feelings from where we can begin the healing process. I respect cultural differences and value each client as a unique individual.
My clinical approach to counseling is person centered which includes respect and sincerity to each client. Among the many positive feedbacks I receive is non-judgmental, opened minded, warm and I offer a safe environment to allow sharing thoughts and feelings from where we can begin the healing process. I respect cultural differences and value each client as a unique individual.
(214) 833-5925 View (214) 833-5925
Photo of Dr. Mikael Lövkvist, Licensed Professional Counselor in Plano, TX
Dr. Mikael Lövkvist
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75093
At times life can become truly overwhelming. I’m glad that you have decided to reach out for support. Personal therapy can be an important tool. It can help us move away from the effects of trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and relationship stress into experiences of deep inner healing, harmony, connection, aliveness and relief.
At times life can become truly overwhelming. I’m glad that you have decided to reach out for support. Personal therapy can be an important tool. It can help us move away from the effects of trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and relationship stress into experiences of deep inner healing, harmony, connection, aliveness and relief.
(469) 551-4967 View (469) 551-4967
Photo of Ursula Alford, Psychologist in Plano, TX
Ursula Alford
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
Waitlist for new clients
Have you/your loved one experienced a medical event or new diagnosis? Are you having a difficult time adjusting? It is common to experience both physical and emotional struggles following stroke, brain injury, spinal cord injury, cancer diagnoses, dementia, and other illness onset. Often our roles within our family transition from caregiver to the one who needs to be cared for. Decreased independence and being more dependent on others often makes us feel like a burden. Fears related to these diagnoses can cause anxiety and depression. Role change may place stress on relationships and family dynamics.
Have you/your loved one experienced a medical event or new diagnosis? Are you having a difficult time adjusting? It is common to experience both physical and emotional struggles following stroke, brain injury, spinal cord injury, cancer diagnoses, dementia, and other illness onset. Often our roles within our family transition from caregiver to the one who needs to be cared for. Decreased independence and being more dependent on others often makes us feel like a burden. Fears related to these diagnoses can cause anxiety and depression. Role change may place stress on relationships and family dynamics.
(940) 204-0615 View (940) 204-0615
Photo of Nick Curcio, Psychologist in Plano, TX
Nick Curcio
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75075
You crush it at work. But you feel like a total failure in your relationships. Exhaustion and hopelessness color your existence like a dark fog. Caffeine and self-propulsion are your two best friends. Relationships should be fulfilling, right? Then why do you feel so numb, disengaged, and often embarrassed by your emotional reactions? Sure, you hit your numbers at work. But your reward is dragging yourself home to a lonely, sexless marriage. Another conflict ensues. Great. Your partner's judgmental stare leaves you feeling ashamed and like you’re 5 years old again. Let’s face it – you haven’t felt loved in years.
You crush it at work. But you feel like a total failure in your relationships. Exhaustion and hopelessness color your existence like a dark fog. Caffeine and self-propulsion are your two best friends. Relationships should be fulfilling, right? Then why do you feel so numb, disengaged, and often embarrassed by your emotional reactions? Sure, you hit your numbers at work. But your reward is dragging yourself home to a lonely, sexless marriage. Another conflict ensues. Great. Your partner's judgmental stare leaves you feeling ashamed and like you’re 5 years old again. Let’s face it – you haven’t felt loved in years.
(214) 730-6872 View (214) 730-6872
Photo of Dr J Osuji - Dallas Neurorehab Center, Psychologist in Plano, TX
Dr J Osuji - Dallas Neurorehab Center
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75093
Life is full of all types of obstacles, but successful people are those who use those obstacles as motivation. The person most likely to benefit from my interventional methods, a combination of Cognitive-Behavioral and Interpersonal Therapy, is motivated to succeed and only needs a little guidance to achieve his/her fullest potential. We take BCBS and Medicare and are out of network on the other panels, but will assist clients with obtaining reimbursements from your carrier, in addition to a sliding fee scale. I am a clinical neuropsychologist, with specific expertise in dementias (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Stroke); ADHD/learning issues; mood/anxiety disorders.
Life is full of all types of obstacles, but successful people are those who use those obstacles as motivation. The person most likely to benefit from my interventional methods, a combination of Cognitive-Behavioral and Interpersonal Therapy, is motivated to succeed and only needs a little guidance to achieve his/her fullest potential. We take BCBS and Medicare and are out of network on the other panels, but will assist clients with obtaining reimbursements from your carrier, in addition to a sliding fee scale. I am a clinical neuropsychologist, with specific expertise in dementias (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Stroke); ADHD/learning issues; mood/anxiety disorders.
(469) 665-8195 View (469) 665-8195
Photo of Michael J Maxwell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Plano, TX
Michael J Maxwell
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75024
I began my professional counseling experience in 1999. I have worked previously as a professional counselor with juvenile incarcerated youth, incarcerated adults, psychiatric patients, as an elementary and secondary school counselor. Prior to my work as a professional counselor, I worked as a special education teacher and coach. I have experience working with young children, adolescents, adults, individuals, couples, families, and groups. I have worked with a diverse clientele on a number of concerns, with specializations in the following areas: anger management, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, life transitions, grief, self-esteem, pre-marital, parenting, divorce, domestic violence, social skills, etc.
I began my professional counseling experience in 1999. I have worked previously as a professional counselor with juvenile incarcerated youth, incarcerated adults, psychiatric patients, as an elementary and secondary school counselor. Prior to my work as a professional counselor, I worked as a special education teacher and coach. I have experience working with young children, adolescents, adults, individuals, couples, families, and groups. I have worked with a diverse clientele on a number of concerns, with specializations in the following areas: anger management, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, life transitions, grief, self-esteem, pre-marital, parenting, divorce, domestic violence, social skills, etc.
(940) 765-9029 View (940) 765-9029
Photo of April Leigh Ralston, LPC-Associate in Plano, TX
April Leigh Ralston
LPC-Associate, MS, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75075
Depression and anxiety can make it hard to find motivation to do many things that once may have been a part of our daily routine. If you are scrolling through this website looking for help that means that you have taken the first step of many to 'un-stuck' yourself. You should be proud of this! Whether you are in a transitional period in your life and not sure where to go, questioning aspects of your identity, or don't know yet where to begin; therapy can be a great way to work things out.
Depression and anxiety can make it hard to find motivation to do many things that once may have been a part of our daily routine. If you are scrolling through this website looking for help that means that you have taken the first step of many to 'un-stuck' yourself. You should be proud of this! Whether you are in a transitional period in your life and not sure where to go, questioning aspects of your identity, or don't know yet where to begin; therapy can be a great way to work things out.
(214) 253-0250 View (214) 253-0250
Photo of NDCBF, Pastoral Counselor in Plano, TX
NDCBF
Pastoral Counselor, MABC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75074
Has provided pastoral counseling to members of our congregation for more than twenty years
Has provided pastoral counseling to members of our congregation for more than twenty years
(972) 372-0214 x9737 View (972) 372-0214 x9737
Photo of Courtney L Butts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Plano, TX
Courtney L Butts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75074
I have a passion for helping people reach their full potential. I feel honored to walk along side individuals as they gain deeper understanding of how their life experiences influence healing and success moving forward. Major life changes such as the birth of a child, loss of a loved one, moving or changing jobs can be traumatic. I will help you move toward identifying challenging thought patterns and work to establish new perspectives and healthy coping skills to ease new transitions.
I have a passion for helping people reach their full potential. I feel honored to walk along side individuals as they gain deeper understanding of how their life experiences influence healing and success moving forward. Major life changes such as the birth of a child, loss of a loved one, moving or changing jobs can be traumatic. I will help you move toward identifying challenging thought patterns and work to establish new perspectives and healthy coping skills to ease new transitions.
(214) 225-4915 View (214) 225-4915
Photo of Jodi Payson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Plano, TX
Jodi Payson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, RPT, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75024
Practice is accepting new clients at this time. Counseling begins with having the courage to take the first step toward change. Jodi's initial focus is to provide a safe, trusting environment to explore avenues of growth and development. Using a combination of techniques and activities, she strives to meet the individual needs of her clients. Jodi's experiences within the counseling field have allowed her to work in a variety of settings helping clients of diverse backgrounds, ages, and presenting concerns. Jodi earned a B.A. in Psychology from The University of Oklahoma and her M.S. in Counseling at Southern Methodist University.
Practice is accepting new clients at this time. Counseling begins with having the courage to take the first step toward change. Jodi's initial focus is to provide a safe, trusting environment to explore avenues of growth and development. Using a combination of techniques and activities, she strives to meet the individual needs of her clients. Jodi's experiences within the counseling field have allowed her to work in a variety of settings helping clients of diverse backgrounds, ages, and presenting concerns. Jodi earned a B.A. in Psychology from The University of Oklahoma and her M.S. in Counseling at Southern Methodist University.
(972) 845-5554 View (972) 845-5554
Photo of Ba Bunansa, Licensed Professional Counselor in Plano, TX
Ba Bunansa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, BC TMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
Knowing ourselves can be tough. Accepting and loving ourselves? Even tougher. So if you’re struggling with anxiety, low self-esteem, understanding your identity, or navigating relationships with loved ones who may or may not accept you for who you are – well, you definitely aren’t alone! As a teen and even into adulthood, there can be a lot of stumbling blocks on the path toward celebrating who you really are. It can be a challenging journey… But the good news? It’s not a journey you need to take by yourself. You can find support and guidance along the way. And it can all feel a lot easier than it might right now.
Knowing ourselves can be tough. Accepting and loving ourselves? Even tougher. So if you’re struggling with anxiety, low self-esteem, understanding your identity, or navigating relationships with loved ones who may or may not accept you for who you are – well, you definitely aren’t alone! As a teen and even into adulthood, there can be a lot of stumbling blocks on the path toward celebrating who you really are. It can be a challenging journey… But the good news? It’s not a journey you need to take by yourself. You can find support and guidance along the way. And it can all feel a lot easier than it might right now.
(214) 760-6963 View (214) 760-6963
Photo of Dr. Kristina Dingus Keuhlen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Plano, TX
Dr. Kristina Dingus Keuhlen
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
Imagine feeling calm, confident, grounded, hopeful, and at ease in your life. If you're having difficulty finding balance, experiencing increased anxiety, feeling stressed out, overwhelmed, and frustrated - I understand and can help. What you're experiencing is normal and together we can get you to a place that allows you to embrace the mess, minimize stress, and find calm in the chaos while embracing the uncertainty.
Imagine feeling calm, confident, grounded, hopeful, and at ease in your life. If you're having difficulty finding balance, experiencing increased anxiety, feeling stressed out, overwhelmed, and frustrated - I understand and can help. What you're experiencing is normal and together we can get you to a place that allows you to embrace the mess, minimize stress, and find calm in the chaos while embracing the uncertainty.
(214) 225-4392 View (214) 225-4392

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Plano, TX

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Plano, TX who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills
65% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
75% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Plano, TX see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Plano?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.