Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA

Photo of Larry J Colby, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Larry J Colby
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22408  (Online Only)
Stress can come into our lives at the most unexpected and inconvenient times. We may try to deny the effects of stress in our lives until it becomes overbearing. When this happens, we tend to have developed behaviors that become more damaging than they are helpful – these are maladaptive behaviors. It can be hard to pick up the pieces and begin rebuilding our lives. Our thoughts and actions can get in our way. We can get stuck with our unhelpful actions and need help learning how to replace these behaviors.
Stress can come into our lives at the most unexpected and inconvenient times. We may try to deny the effects of stress in our lives until it becomes overbearing. When this happens, we tend to have developed behaviors that become more damaging than they are helpful – these are maladaptive behaviors. It can be hard to pick up the pieces and begin rebuilding our lives. Our thoughts and actions can get in our way. We can get stuck with our unhelpful actions and need help learning how to replace these behaviors.
(540) 329-3476 View (540) 329-3476
Photo of Kurt W Droste, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Kurt W Droste
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
I believe that the most important thing to begin with is listening, to truly begin striving to understand you and see how I can best be of help. I will strive to provide a safe, calm and accepting environment where we can explore those things that may be holding you back from being the person you want to be. I believe deeply that you are the ultimate expert on yourself and the focus of our therapeutic relationship will always be all about you and how we can begin moving towards “your best self.”
I believe that the most important thing to begin with is listening, to truly begin striving to understand you and see how I can best be of help. I will strive to provide a safe, calm and accepting environment where we can explore those things that may be holding you back from being the person you want to be. I believe deeply that you are the ultimate expert on yourself and the focus of our therapeutic relationship will always be all about you and how we can begin moving towards “your best self.”
(540) 779-1361 View (540) 779-1361
Photo of Katrina Clement, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Katrina Clement
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22405  (Online Only)
I am accepting new clients and have evening & weekend availability. My intention is to work with individuals who are ready to embark on a journey to explore within themselves what challenges they’re facing and work together to build their resilience and healthy habits. I utilize various techniques in my therapeutic approach because I believe each individual's unique needs calls for various methods to assist them in reaching their goals.
I am accepting new clients and have evening & weekend availability. My intention is to work with individuals who are ready to embark on a journey to explore within themselves what challenges they’re facing and work together to build their resilience and healthy habits. I utilize various techniques in my therapeutic approach because I believe each individual's unique needs calls for various methods to assist them in reaching their goals.
(540) 701-2243 View (540) 701-2243
Photo of Brian S Vaughan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Brian S Vaughan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAT, CSOTP
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling with sexually problematic behavior? Do you think you may be addicted to pornography? Has your spouse betrayed trust by crossing emotional boundaries with someone else? There is hope. It is possible to recover from compulsive or addictive behaviors and to have marriage and family relationships restored. Many who have been negatively impacted by sexual compulsivity share feelings of anger, hurt, shame, and helplessness. I've successfully helped individuals, couples, and families heal from sex and porn addiction by providing a safe, non-judgmental, confidential setting to help learn tools to grow beyond the grip of destructive choices.
Are you struggling with sexually problematic behavior? Do you think you may be addicted to pornography? Has your spouse betrayed trust by crossing emotional boundaries with someone else? There is hope. It is possible to recover from compulsive or addictive behaviors and to have marriage and family relationships restored. Many who have been negatively impacted by sexual compulsivity share feelings of anger, hurt, shame, and helplessness. I've successfully helped individuals, couples, and families heal from sex and porn addiction by providing a safe, non-judgmental, confidential setting to help learn tools to grow beyond the grip of destructive choices.
(540) 390-1632 View (540) 390-1632
Photo of Chelsea Garcia, Resident in Counseling in Fredericksburg, VA
Chelsea Garcia
Resident in Counseling, MS, LPC-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22402
I believe the counseling relationship should be traveled along side by side through the various stages of your mental health journey. I believe fully in human potential and allowing each person to have an autonomous role in therapy. I provide an empathic safe place built on non-judgmental and client-centered approach. Here is where we can explore your feelings together and process through the various challenges that may arise. I focus on client-centered approach while also utilizing treatment techniques including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Solution-Focused Therapy.
I believe the counseling relationship should be traveled along side by side through the various stages of your mental health journey. I believe fully in human potential and allowing each person to have an autonomous role in therapy. I provide an empathic safe place built on non-judgmental and client-centered approach. Here is where we can explore your feelings together and process through the various challenges that may arise. I focus on client-centered approach while also utilizing treatment techniques including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Solution-Focused Therapy.
(540) 845-6940 x1 View (540) 845-6940 x1
Photo of Richard J White, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Richard J White
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, SA, MFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Do you find that you are repeating the same situations in life over and over again. Are you dissatisfied with the results you are getting in your relationships, work or in life. I can me help you make sense out of these areas to create something that is not only different but workable in your life. Feel free to contact me at the Email link associated to psychology today or contact me through my webpage at www.fcstherapist.com
Do you find that you are repeating the same situations in life over and over again. Are you dissatisfied with the results you are getting in your relationships, work or in life. I can me help you make sense out of these areas to create something that is not only different but workable in your life. Feel free to contact me at the Email link associated to psychology today or contact me through my webpage at www.fcstherapist.com
(540) 692-1619 View (540) 692-1619
Photo of Intuitive Counseling & Hypnotherapy Svcs, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Intuitive Counseling & Hypnotherapy Svcs, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC-S, NCC, NBCCH
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Waitlist for new clients
I help heal trauma. Deeply-rooted trauma. Trauma that might have changed you in your core, or perhaps trauma that affects your performance as an artist or athlete. You might have had experiences with talk-therapy and still feel "stuck" and unable to move past from those life-changing. With Brainspotting or Hypnotherapy, I can help "purge" through a lot of these issues from the inside-out. I am a Marine Corps veteran and I am humbled that you took the time to read my profile, so let's see how I can be helpful.
I help heal trauma. Deeply-rooted trauma. Trauma that might have changed you in your core, or perhaps trauma that affects your performance as an artist or athlete. You might have had experiences with talk-therapy and still feel "stuck" and unable to move past from those life-changing. With Brainspotting or Hypnotherapy, I can help "purge" through a lot of these issues from the inside-out. I am a Marine Corps veteran and I am humbled that you took the time to read my profile, so let's see how I can be helpful.
(540) 235-5599 View (540) 235-5599
Elaine Wescoat
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
Extensive experience in addressing effects of poor self-esteem, ineffective coping, and self-defeating behaviors. My philosophy is that of empowerment, helping people learn how to love themselves. Complimented for my ability to present information from a new perspective enhancing understanding and insight. Developed specific tools that will facilitate personal growth with a foundation of mutual respect and dignity. Grounded in spiritual principles. Guidance for healing histories of abuse as well as struggles with substance abuse. Second graduate degree was in marriage and family therapy. Practice is very full. Prospective clients should phone for availability; EMAIL MESSAGES WILL RECEIVE NO RESPONSE.
Extensive experience in addressing effects of poor self-esteem, ineffective coping, and self-defeating behaviors. My philosophy is that of empowerment, helping people learn how to love themselves. Complimented for my ability to present information from a new perspective enhancing understanding and insight. Developed specific tools that will facilitate personal growth with a foundation of mutual respect and dignity. Grounded in spiritual principles. Guidance for healing histories of abuse as well as struggles with substance abuse. Second graduate degree was in marriage and family therapy. Practice is very full. Prospective clients should phone for availability; EMAIL MESSAGES WILL RECEIVE NO RESPONSE.
(540) 847-2876 View (540) 847-2876
Photo of Lisa Gibbs, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Lisa Gibbs
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401  (Online Only)
Lisa Gibbs is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 8 years of experience in mental health. Her passion in this field is to help women who are mentally struggling to find themselves and get to a place of self-identity and peace, and to assist couples going through challenges in their marriage to reconnect and experience relationship fulfillment. Lisa specializes in anxiety, depression, relationship issues, coping skills, parenting, spirituality, stress, and life transitions.
Lisa Gibbs is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 8 years of experience in mental health. Her passion in this field is to help women who are mentally struggling to find themselves and get to a place of self-identity and peace, and to assist couples going through challenges in their marriage to reconnect and experience relationship fulfillment. Lisa specializes in anxiety, depression, relationship issues, coping skills, parenting, spirituality, stress, and life transitions.
(540) 306-4458 View (540) 306-4458
Photo of Romanayah Opincar-Hughes, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fredericksburg, VA
Romanayah Opincar-Hughes
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22407  (Online Only)
It takes courage to show up, to share yourself and be truly seen. It takes courage to heal and work through the obstacles in our lives. While taking the first step may open a floodgate of uncertainty, it is my intention to provide trust through transparency and an acceptance-based approach. Clear communication with established expectations removes the guess work and allows us to focus on our therapeutic relationship, which is built on trust, teamwork, and honesty.
It takes courage to show up, to share yourself and be truly seen. It takes courage to heal and work through the obstacles in our lives. While taking the first step may open a floodgate of uncertainty, it is my intention to provide trust through transparency and an acceptance-based approach. Clear communication with established expectations removes the guess work and allows us to focus on our therapeutic relationship, which is built on trust, teamwork, and honesty.
(540) 328-9929 View (540) 328-9929
Photo of Andreanna King, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Andreanna King
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am grateful you stopped by and are considering my services during a vulnerable time in your life. I believe that we are shaped by each experience we have, the systems we interact with, and the relationships we engage in. Every individual is unique in their identities (race, gender, sexual orientation, Roles, culture, religion, etc.). Those identities are key factors in the individual’s view of the world and interaction within it. I am also a gender affirming therapist, and here to help anyone on their journey.
Welcome! I am grateful you stopped by and are considering my services during a vulnerable time in your life. I believe that we are shaped by each experience we have, the systems we interact with, and the relationships we engage in. Every individual is unique in their identities (race, gender, sexual orientation, Roles, culture, religion, etc.). Those identities are key factors in the individual’s view of the world and interaction within it. I am also a gender affirming therapist, and here to help anyone on their journey.
(540) 274-5626 View (540) 274-5626
Photo of Andrea J McGowan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Andrea J McGowan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401  (Online Only)
Mental health is a process, and everyone’s journey is different. Our struggles can help us grow and discover strengths we never knew we had. Sometimes, we just need a little help along the way. If you’re ready to take steps towards improved mental health and well being, I can help you in your journey! We will work together to overcome any challenges you may be facing. Sometimes being heard is the first step to healing. Also offering Telehealth services for all clients!
Mental health is a process, and everyone’s journey is different. Our struggles can help us grow and discover strengths we never knew we had. Sometimes, we just need a little help along the way. If you’re ready to take steps towards improved mental health and well being, I can help you in your journey! We will work together to overcome any challenges you may be facing. Sometimes being heard is the first step to healing. Also offering Telehealth services for all clients!
(540) 666-6790 View (540) 666-6790
Photo of Michael E. Deitz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Michael E. Deitz
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22405
While life events and transitions can be overwhelming and isolating, you never have to be alone. Through the therapeutic process, I will empathetically work with you to understand your goals and help guide you to wellness. I love working with ages spanning from late teens to older adults during life transitions. I feel as though we can all have a “harsh inner critic”; this critic is difficult to silence or challenge. Many times, we ask ourselves, “why did this happen” or “why do I feel this way”? When we ask ourselves “why”, we tend to reinforce shame. Think about it, “why” indicates there is just one answer.
While life events and transitions can be overwhelming and isolating, you never have to be alone. Through the therapeutic process, I will empathetically work with you to understand your goals and help guide you to wellness. I love working with ages spanning from late teens to older adults during life transitions. I feel as though we can all have a “harsh inner critic”; this critic is difficult to silence or challenge. Many times, we ask ourselves, “why did this happen” or “why do I feel this way”? When we ask ourselves “why”, we tend to reinforce shame. Think about it, “why” indicates there is just one answer.
(540) 845-6940 View (540) 845-6940
Photo of David S Belles, Resident in Counseling in Fredericksburg, VA
David S Belles
Resident in Counseling, LPC-R
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Life has a way of presenting experiences that can stress our emotions and mental well-being and throw us off balance. Taking those first steps towards therapy exhibit a strength within that should be commended. I can offer you a therapeutic experience that builds on trust, humor, and genuine care.
Life has a way of presenting experiences that can stress our emotions and mental well-being and throw us off balance. Taking those first steps towards therapy exhibit a strength within that should be commended. I can offer you a therapeutic experience that builds on trust, humor, and genuine care.
(540) 845-6940 x1 View (540) 845-6940 x1
Photo of Dianne Bachman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Dianne Bachman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
As a psychotherapist, I believe that each of us holds the capacity to utilize our personal creativity to resolve life's challenges. I seek to assist the folks I work with to find their strengths. I utilize a number of therapeutic modalities, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused, Interactive Guided Imagery, Ericksonian Hypnosis, and elements of Internal Family Systems and psychological astrology. Upon the initial therapy session, we will work together to determine the most beneficial modality for you, your family, or your child. In addition, I may suggest expressive arts as a vehicle to create life changes.
As a psychotherapist, I believe that each of us holds the capacity to utilize our personal creativity to resolve life's challenges. I seek to assist the folks I work with to find their strengths. I utilize a number of therapeutic modalities, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused, Interactive Guided Imagery, Ericksonian Hypnosis, and elements of Internal Family Systems and psychological astrology. Upon the initial therapy session, we will work together to determine the most beneficial modality for you, your family, or your child. In addition, I may suggest expressive arts as a vehicle to create life changes.
(540) 302-5806 View (540) 302-5806
Photo of Bruce Anthony Craig, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Bruce Anthony Craig
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22407
Every person has issues that they could use help dealing with at some point in their lives. Maybe the problem is depression, anxiety, self-esteem, or confidence. Maybe the problem is a mixture of many things or you might not even understand what the problem is or where it has come from. Whatever it may be we all want to work toward optimal functioning and well being but to do this we sometimes need assistance in working though issues of the mind or emotions. Things can get better and things can get clearer, even if it may not seem that way right now.
Every person has issues that they could use help dealing with at some point in their lives. Maybe the problem is depression, anxiety, self-esteem, or confidence. Maybe the problem is a mixture of many things or you might not even understand what the problem is or where it has come from. Whatever it may be we all want to work toward optimal functioning and well being but to do this we sometimes need assistance in working though issues of the mind or emotions. Things can get better and things can get clearer, even if it may not seem that way right now.
(540) 684-5611 View (540) 684-5611
Photo of Joe Thomas Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Joe Thomas Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22405
Joe is 1992 Graduate of Virginia Commonwealth University with a Master's in Social Work and has been licensed in Virginia as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) since 1996. Joe has over two decades of experience as a therapist providing Individual, Couple, Family and Group Therapy.
Joe is 1992 Graduate of Virginia Commonwealth University with a Master's in Social Work and has been licensed in Virginia as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) since 1996. Joe has over two decades of experience as a therapist providing Individual, Couple, Family and Group Therapy.
(540) 579-2417 View (540) 579-2417
Photo of Lisa Ann Peralta, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Lisa Ann Peralta
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Ann Elizabeth Peralta is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 25 years of experience in providing clinical assessment and therapeutic care to adults seeking help with a variety of issues. These issues include substance use disorders, stress, and anxiety, to name a few. Ann has experience working with the Hispanic population who are often struggling to learn how to understand and adapt to a culture vastly different from their own. She also has 12 years of experience teaching counseling theories and skills at her local community college.
Ann Elizabeth Peralta is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 25 years of experience in providing clinical assessment and therapeutic care to adults seeking help with a variety of issues. These issues include substance use disorders, stress, and anxiety, to name a few. Ann has experience working with the Hispanic population who are often struggling to learn how to understand and adapt to a culture vastly different from their own. She also has 12 years of experience teaching counseling theories and skills at her local community college.
(540) 302-6808 View (540) 302-6808
Photo of Aleksandra Startek, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Aleksandra Startek
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd, NCC, CCTP-II, LSC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Everyone has a story, they just need a safe place to share it. I am honored for you to consider me to assist you in navigating this journey. I believe that asking for help is a sign of strength and that successful therapy begins with finding the right therapist for yourself. I am here to accompany you on this path. I provide an empathic, non-judgmental, and client-centered environment where you can explore your unique feelings and experiences, set achievable goals, and process difficulties. In our sessions, we will go beyond just the "talk therapy” and will include your emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual well-being.
Everyone has a story, they just need a safe place to share it. I am honored for you to consider me to assist you in navigating this journey. I believe that asking for help is a sign of strength and that successful therapy begins with finding the right therapist for yourself. I am here to accompany you on this path. I provide an empathic, non-judgmental, and client-centered environment where you can explore your unique feelings and experiences, set achievable goals, and process difficulties. In our sessions, we will go beyond just the "talk therapy” and will include your emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual well-being.
(540) 210-1358 View (540) 210-1358
Photo of Play Therapy Essentially PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Play Therapy Essentially PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
As a parent, are you having a difficult time managing your child or adolescent's behavior? Has your child's behavior become increasingly more difficult, so that you find that your family is struggling to support each other? Are you at your wits end and find that you have no idea how to move forward? Maybe, your child has experienced a bad situation and needs additional support and coping skills to get through it?
As a parent, are you having a difficult time managing your child or adolescent's behavior? Has your child's behavior become increasingly more difficult, so that you find that your family is struggling to support each other? Are you at your wits end and find that you have no idea how to move forward? Maybe, your child has experienced a bad situation and needs additional support and coping skills to get through it?
(540) 361-6710 View (540) 361-6710

See more therapy options for Fredericksburg

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Self Esteem
74% Stress
73% Coping Skills
71% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% Anthem | Elevance
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fredericksburg?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.