Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

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Photo of Phoenix Wellness Center , LPC Intern in Phoenix, AZ
Phoenix Wellness Center
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
Riley is a counseling intern from Arizona State University, pursuing a master’s degree in mental health counseling. Riley integrates therapeutic styles such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Person-Centered approaches, Motivational Interviewing, and mindfulness practices to provide a compassionate and tailored approach for individuals of all ages. Riley has diverse experience in working with children and as a habilitation provider. Riley is dedicated to creating a warm, client-centered space for exploration and growth at any stage of life.
Riley is a counseling intern from Arizona State University, pursuing a master’s degree in mental health counseling. Riley integrates therapeutic styles such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Person-Centered approaches, Motivational Interviewing, and mindfulness practices to provide a compassionate and tailored approach for individuals of all ages. Riley has diverse experience in working with children and as a habilitation provider. Riley is dedicated to creating a warm, client-centered space for exploration and growth at any stage of life.
(480) 653-8434 View (480) 653-8434
Photo of Nicole Crist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Nicole Crist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85013
I'm passionate about helping individuals to discover their authentic selves and align with their core values. If you're grappling with emotional uncertainty or finding it difficult to connect with your feelings, therapy offers a transformative path forward. Through our collaborative efforts, we can reignite your sense of self and purpose, restoring joy to your life. By prioritizing self-care and allowing yourself the time to heal, the potential for growth is boundless. I'm here to provide support and accountability as you pursue your goals.
I'm passionate about helping individuals to discover their authentic selves and align with their core values. If you're grappling with emotional uncertainty or finding it difficult to connect with your feelings, therapy offers a transformative path forward. Through our collaborative efforts, we can reignite your sense of self and purpose, restoring joy to your life. By prioritizing self-care and allowing yourself the time to heal, the potential for growth is boundless. I'm here to provide support and accountability as you pursue your goals.
(602) 932-2762 View (602) 932-2762
Photo of Chad Krakauskas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Chad Krakauskas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85008  (Online Only)
I have primarily worked with adults. I can help with anxiety, depression, PTSD issues, grief issues, motivation, relationship issues, and substance abuse challenges. I have helped people with less severe issues all the way to people with serious mental health challenges.
I have primarily worked with adults. I can help with anxiety, depression, PTSD issues, grief issues, motivation, relationship issues, and substance abuse challenges. I have helped people with less severe issues all the way to people with serious mental health challenges.
(602) 691-7610 View (602) 691-7610
Photo of ABRA Health “Dr. Gadson”, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
ABRA Health “Dr. Gadson”
Licensed Professional Counselor, DBH, LPC, MPC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85034
I’m a Bilingual “Spanish and English” African American/Black Psychological Therapist with a Doctorate Degree. I work with all client ages, backgrounds, and behavioral needs. With an in-depth understanding of psychological disorders, treatment techniques, diagnosis, interventions, and referrals. This includes performing assessment and psychological testing with multiple disciplinary teams in Primary Care, Integrated Care and mental health settings. I provide solution to problems by using client’s strengths to combat challenges. I integrate the role of the mind, body, and spirit in therapy.
I’m a Bilingual “Spanish and English” African American/Black Psychological Therapist with a Doctorate Degree. I work with all client ages, backgrounds, and behavioral needs. With an in-depth understanding of psychological disorders, treatment techniques, diagnosis, interventions, and referrals. This includes performing assessment and psychological testing with multiple disciplinary teams in Primary Care, Integrated Care and mental health settings. I provide solution to problems by using client’s strengths to combat challenges. I integrate the role of the mind, body, and spirit in therapy.
(602) 671-0119 View (602) 671-0119
Photo of Valeria (Leera) Tripp, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Valeria (Leera) Tripp
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85013  (Online Only)
I do believe that change happens when people are given the guidance they need to draw on their own strengths and realize their potential to live fulfilling, happy lives. I bring years of experience working with adolescent and adult individuals struggling with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (C-PTSD), eating disorders, anxiety/depression, grief, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD).
I do believe that change happens when people are given the guidance they need to draw on their own strengths and realize their potential to live fulfilling, happy lives. I bring years of experience working with adolescent and adult individuals struggling with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (C-PTSD), eating disorders, anxiety/depression, grief, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD).
(602) 878-9276 View (602) 878-9276
Photo of Ashlea Taylor-Barber, Marriage & Family Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Ashlea Taylor-Barber
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
Are you seeking an unbiased person open to listening and discussing your thoughts? Sometimes we all need that! Life often brings us curve balls in the form of relational, career, racial, marital or family conflict that cause us to question who we are. These situations rattle our emotions to our core or change the normality that we call our life. During these times the ability to work through this with someone who specializes in transitional change maybe the answer!
Are you seeking an unbiased person open to listening and discussing your thoughts? Sometimes we all need that! Life often brings us curve balls in the form of relational, career, racial, marital or family conflict that cause us to question who we are. These situations rattle our emotions to our core or change the normality that we call our life. During these times the ability to work through this with someone who specializes in transitional change maybe the answer!
(602) 560-7933 View (602) 560-7933
Photo of Mary Kingery, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Mary Kingery
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LASAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
The focus of my practice is to empower and support my clients by introducing solutions to attain continued recovery from substances and mental health issues. I will inspire and motivate you from the beginning. I promise you are not alone. I’ll be there to help guide and teach you the skills needed to grow beyond a life of addiction. I create a compassionate supportive experience and a safe space with no judgement for you to feel comfortable to open up in an environment that fosters long term health and wellness.
The focus of my practice is to empower and support my clients by introducing solutions to attain continued recovery from substances and mental health issues. I will inspire and motivate you from the beginning. I promise you are not alone. I’ll be there to help guide and teach you the skills needed to grow beyond a life of addiction. I create a compassionate supportive experience and a safe space with no judgement for you to feel comfortable to open up in an environment that fosters long term health and wellness.
(623) 257-6302 View (623) 257-6302
Photo of Vitae Felix, Psychologist in Phoenix, AZ
Vitae Felix
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85044
Not accepting new clients
*******Not taking new client appointments at this time******* Dr. Felix is a Licensed Psychologist and provides individual and couples therapy for adults in English, Spanish, and French. Dr. Felix completed a postdoctoral residency in trauma at the VA Long Beach Healthcare System. She has specialized experience in the treatment of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, sexual assault and abuse, chronic pain, grief and loss, anger management, sleep issues, combat trauma, military sexual trauma, and relationship issues.
*******Not taking new client appointments at this time******* Dr. Felix is a Licensed Psychologist and provides individual and couples therapy for adults in English, Spanish, and French. Dr. Felix completed a postdoctoral residency in trauma at the VA Long Beach Healthcare System. She has specialized experience in the treatment of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, sexual assault and abuse, chronic pain, grief and loss, anger management, sleep issues, combat trauma, military sexual trauma, and relationship issues.
(602) 566-9167 View (602) 566-9167
Photo of Shelley A Treadaway - Life In Motion Therapy, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Shelley A Treadaway - Life In Motion Therapy
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, LAMFT, 08023T
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
My passion is to help individuals struggling with emotional and mental health concerns find balance and peace in their lives. I believe in creating a safe, non-judgmental and supportive environment where my clients can feel heard and understood. My ideal clients are individual, couples, and families ready to facilitate positive change in their lives. They may be experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, life transitions, or feelings of overwhelm and stress. My clients are willing to explore their thoughts and emotions in a deep and meaningful way and are open to make positive changes in their lives.
My passion is to help individuals struggling with emotional and mental health concerns find balance and peace in their lives. I believe in creating a safe, non-judgmental and supportive environment where my clients can feel heard and understood. My ideal clients are individual, couples, and families ready to facilitate positive change in their lives. They may be experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, life transitions, or feelings of overwhelm and stress. My clients are willing to explore their thoughts and emotions in a deep and meaningful way and are open to make positive changes in their lives.
(623) 294-6774 View (623) 294-6774
Photo of Kim Kabar, Marriage & Family Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Kim Kabar
Marriage & Family Therapist, EMDR, KAP, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016  (Online Only)
The struggle to lesson anxiety, depression, gender dysphoria and/or the pain of past traumas has led many of my clients to self-sooth through a variety of ways including eating, smoking, drinking, gaming, & toxic relationships. They want more than anything to just be happy in life. Our journey together is about healing past wounds & shedding the negative beliefs that are keeping you stuck & away from the joy that is your innate right to experience.
The struggle to lesson anxiety, depression, gender dysphoria and/or the pain of past traumas has led many of my clients to self-sooth through a variety of ways including eating, smoking, drinking, gaming, & toxic relationships. They want more than anything to just be happy in life. Our journey together is about healing past wounds & shedding the negative beliefs that are keeping you stuck & away from the joy that is your innate right to experience.
(623) 404-8886 View (623) 404-8886
Photo of Mood by Kim in Phoenix, AZ
Mood by Kim
PhD, MSN, APRN, PMHNP, LCDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85013
Ladies!, wake-up, eat diamonds and shine all day, with the highest quality of psychiatric expertise for both psychiatric medicine and psychotherapy. "I am HER," your Celebrity Therapist for Women, with 22 years of combined experiences in mental health. I work with WNBA athletes and high profile clients in both the Movie and Music Industries. I believe in Women Empowerment!, and am a faithful sponsor of the "ME TOO" movement. My approach is supportive, empathetic and, above all, pragmatic. Our sessions are discreetly held via telehealth and catered to you. Book your appointment: www.moodbykim.com.
Ladies!, wake-up, eat diamonds and shine all day, with the highest quality of psychiatric expertise for both psychiatric medicine and psychotherapy. "I am HER," your Celebrity Therapist for Women, with 22 years of combined experiences in mental health. I work with WNBA athletes and high profile clients in both the Movie and Music Industries. I believe in Women Empowerment!, and am a faithful sponsor of the "ME TOO" movement. My approach is supportive, empathetic and, above all, pragmatic. Our sessions are discreetly held via telehealth and catered to you. Book your appointment: www.moodbykim.com.
(623) 777-7551 View (623) 777-7551
Photo of Susan Kinkel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Susan Kinkel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85012
Accepting New Client and Immediate Availability on Tuesday and Wednesday evenings. Are you someone who at times feels like there’s not much hope in finding healing, or a way forward? You can see the barriers and wish you could move them, but feel like it’s overwhelming, or impossible. Maybe now is the right time to start your journey towards healing. If you feel ready to dip your toe into starting the journey, but need some guidance, and support, I am here to assist.
Accepting New Client and Immediate Availability on Tuesday and Wednesday evenings. Are you someone who at times feels like there’s not much hope in finding healing, or a way forward? You can see the barriers and wish you could move them, but feel like it’s overwhelming, or impossible. Maybe now is the right time to start your journey towards healing. If you feel ready to dip your toe into starting the journey, but need some guidance, and support, I am here to assist.
(623) 300-1014 View (623) 300-1014
Photo of Laura Jesmer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Laura Jesmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85014
Waitlist for new clients
I strive to create a trusting and collaborative experience that recognizes your unique self, the joys and challenges you have faced, and honors your resilience for your own healing. The therapy process can help increase awareness of your needs, beliefs, and actions, understand and change self-defeating patterns, and build confidence to create healthy situations and relationships. My specialties include trauma/PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief/loss, relationship concerns, LGBT Issues, spirituality and personal growth. I specialize in healing the effects of trauma.
I strive to create a trusting and collaborative experience that recognizes your unique self, the joys and challenges you have faced, and honors your resilience for your own healing. The therapy process can help increase awareness of your needs, beliefs, and actions, understand and change self-defeating patterns, and build confidence to create healthy situations and relationships. My specialties include trauma/PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief/loss, relationship concerns, LGBT Issues, spirituality and personal growth. I specialize in healing the effects of trauma.
(480) 428-2915 View (480) 428-2915
Photo of The Mindful Lemon , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
The Mindful Lemon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85050  (Online Only)
Our mission is to provide quality online mental health and substance abuse services while breaking down the barriers of traditional, office based therapy. Traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment tends to focus on what makes you sick, what you are lacking but at The Mindful Lemon, our clinicians let you sit in the driver’s seat, focusing on your strengths and assets to help you become the best version of you! This can be via traditional talk therapy, medication management, mindfulness techniques, an emphasis on health, wellness and fitness or any combination of the above.v
Our mission is to provide quality online mental health and substance abuse services while breaking down the barriers of traditional, office based therapy. Traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment tends to focus on what makes you sick, what you are lacking but at The Mindful Lemon, our clinicians let you sit in the driver’s seat, focusing on your strengths and assets to help you become the best version of you! This can be via traditional talk therapy, medication management, mindfulness techniques, an emphasis on health, wellness and fitness or any combination of the above.v
(602) 838-7173 View (602) 838-7173
Photo of Jenna Daniel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Jenna Daniel
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85014
Waitlist for new clients
Feeling stuck in anxiety and fear can be overwhelming and isolating, but it's important to remember that you're not alone. Together, we can navigate through these challenges and work towards finding relief and a sense of empowerment. I am a trauma informed therapist, treating trauma and stress-related disorders, OCD and other compulsive disorders, and mood disorders. As you courageously step into therapy, I am here to support you every step of the way. I take pride in using evidence-based treatments and take an integrated approach to providing therapy.
Feeling stuck in anxiety and fear can be overwhelming and isolating, but it's important to remember that you're not alone. Together, we can navigate through these challenges and work towards finding relief and a sense of empowerment. I am a trauma informed therapist, treating trauma and stress-related disorders, OCD and other compulsive disorders, and mood disorders. As you courageously step into therapy, I am here to support you every step of the way. I take pride in using evidence-based treatments and take an integrated approach to providing therapy.
(602) 560-6052 View (602) 560-6052
Photo of Andrew Schanen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Andrew Schanen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85012
Hi, I've been serving in the mental health field for approximately fifteen years in a variety of settings. I have served in community mental health, inpatient facilities, residential treatment centers, outpatient facilities and through telehealth platforms. I am currently focusing on serving individual clients in-person.
Hi, I've been serving in the mental health field for approximately fifteen years in a variety of settings. I have served in community mental health, inpatient facilities, residential treatment centers, outpatient facilities and through telehealth platforms. I am currently focusing on serving individual clients in-person.
(602) 691-4760 View (602) 691-4760
Photo of Morgan Uribe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Morgan Uribe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85016
Waitlist for new clients
Greetings! I specialize in working with adults with anxiety, depression, trauma, life stressors and other personality traits. In my practice I utilize an integrative approach to explore and understand areas that may be contributing to difficulties that you are experiencing as well as draw on various psychological approaches such as CBT, EMDR, and DBT to best help you heal.
Greetings! I specialize in working with adults with anxiety, depression, trauma, life stressors and other personality traits. In my practice I utilize an integrative approach to explore and understand areas that may be contributing to difficulties that you are experiencing as well as draw on various psychological approaches such as CBT, EMDR, and DBT to best help you heal.
(480) 571-1325 View (480) 571-1325
Photo of Seashell Therapy, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Seashell Therapy, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR, CCTS-I
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85086  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients! As an EMDR trained clinician, I make it a priority to build a supportive and close relationship my clients will need to move forward in a positive and productive way! I specialize in working with clients struggling with trauma, depression, anxiety, grief/loss issues, substance abuse issues, chronic pain and chronic disease. My goal is to offer a trauma focused healing space for you! Because I see clients by video, I provide therapy throughout the state of Arizona!
Accepting New Clients! As an EMDR trained clinician, I make it a priority to build a supportive and close relationship my clients will need to move forward in a positive and productive way! I specialize in working with clients struggling with trauma, depression, anxiety, grief/loss issues, substance abuse issues, chronic pain and chronic disease. My goal is to offer a trauma focused healing space for you! Because I see clients by video, I provide therapy throughout the state of Arizona!
(928) 396-1373 View (928) 396-1373
Photo of Nia Grant, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Nia Grant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CMFT, CAMS, DCC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85042
Are you struggling with the courage to move forward? Should you pursue another career path, change professions or enroll in school? Do you ever think what if it doesn't work out? What if I fail? Am I too old? If you have asked yourself any of these questions, you have come to right place. Welcome! We have all asked ourselves at least one of those questions at some point. However, if the thought of one of questions paralyzes you so much that you become unwilling to move forward, then you may need a little nudge to get you going!
Are you struggling with the courage to move forward? Should you pursue another career path, change professions or enroll in school? Do you ever think what if it doesn't work out? What if I fail? Am I too old? If you have asked yourself any of these questions, you have come to right place. Welcome! We have all asked ourselves at least one of those questions at some point. However, if the thought of one of questions paralyzes you so much that you become unwilling to move forward, then you may need a little nudge to get you going!
(678) 264-6651 View (678) 264-6651
Photo of Elizabeth Ogren, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Elizabeth Ogren
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CSAT, SomEx, EMDR
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
Not accepting new clients
Based in Phoenix, I work with clients around the country and the world as licensing allows, including via Telehealth. I'm so glad you're here. The world can feel like an inhospitable home at times. Relationships can be unsettled, self-medicating can dominate, and the past can haunt like a persistent familiar ghost. Healing is necessary, because you are necessary. No matter how you may struggle - there is no one else quite like you, you are the very best at being you, you possess gifts and magic that only you can bring to the world. Therapy is about coming home to yourself - your physical body, emotional body or heart, and mind.
Based in Phoenix, I work with clients around the country and the world as licensing allows, including via Telehealth. I'm so glad you're here. The world can feel like an inhospitable home at times. Relationships can be unsettled, self-medicating can dominate, and the past can haunt like a persistent familiar ghost. Healing is necessary, because you are necessary. No matter how you may struggle - there is no one else quite like you, you are the very best at being you, you possess gifts and magic that only you can bring to the world. Therapy is about coming home to yourself - your physical body, emotional body or heart, and mind.
(602) 429-0448 View (602) 429-0448

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Phoenix, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Phoenix, AZ see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Phoenix?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.