Therapists in Kansas City, MO

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Photo of Holly L. Ramaeker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Holly L. Ramaeker
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64108
Life is a journey, a journey that is most difficult when traveled alone. I strive to walk with clients on their path towards healing and happiness. Working from a client-centered approach, it is essential for me to understand each client as an individual to develop trust and a partnership in therapy. Relationships, trauma, careers and other stressors take a toll on a person's ability to flourish. I believe that each person has potential for growth from those experiences. My goal is to help you regain your footing on your path to living a full and vibrant life.
Life is a journey, a journey that is most difficult when traveled alone. I strive to walk with clients on their path towards healing and happiness. Working from a client-centered approach, it is essential for me to understand each client as an individual to develop trust and a partnership in therapy. Relationships, trauma, careers and other stressors take a toll on a person's ability to flourish. I believe that each person has potential for growth from those experiences. My goal is to help you regain your footing on your path to living a full and vibrant life.
(816) 992-5801 View (816) 992-5801
Photo of Shelley Stelmach-Nigro, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Shelley Stelmach-Nigro
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64111
Do you want to feel better? Do you want to have more satisfying relationships? Within the first session, you will feel more hope and more possibility. In time, you will see your life become fuller. A focus in treatment is to clarify inner issues and to establish a more mindful approach to daily life
Do you want to feel better? Do you want to have more satisfying relationships? Within the first session, you will feel more hope and more possibility. In time, you will see your life become fuller. A focus in treatment is to clarify inner issues and to establish a more mindful approach to daily life
(816) 607-3367 View (816) 607-3367
Photo of Nancy S Hoey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Nancy S Hoey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, , LPC , CCTP
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64110
I am passionate about helping individuals heal from past hurts, overcome tough life situations, and feel better about themselves and their relationships. I use a warm, collaborative, and evidence-based approach to help you understand your emotions, challenge negative belief patterns, find and develop your strengths, utilize coping strategies and set personal goals. I began my career in Kansas City, running a vocational rehabilitation program prior to pursuing a Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology. I established and ran a successful group practice in Jefferson City prior to moving with my husband to KC in 2020.
I am passionate about helping individuals heal from past hurts, overcome tough life situations, and feel better about themselves and their relationships. I use a warm, collaborative, and evidence-based approach to help you understand your emotions, challenge negative belief patterns, find and develop your strengths, utilize coping strategies and set personal goals. I began my career in Kansas City, running a vocational rehabilitation program prior to pursuing a Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology. I established and ran a successful group practice in Jefferson City prior to moving with my husband to KC in 2020.
(816) 203-1518 View (816) 203-1518
Photo of Heather Robinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Heather Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64110
I believe that each person has inherent strengths to overcome life's challenges, and therapy can help you tap into these qualities. In addressing issues such as depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma, or strained relationships, I can help you identify your goals and work towards them, in a warm and accepting environment.
I believe that each person has inherent strengths to overcome life's challenges, and therapy can help you tap into these qualities. In addressing issues such as depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma, or strained relationships, I can help you identify your goals and work towards them, in a warm and accepting environment.
(816) 281-1389 View (816) 281-1389
Photo of Elizabeth Moffitt, Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Elizabeth Moffitt
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64111  (Online Only)
Do you struggle to see yourself as a person with inherent value or struggle with feeling safe due to experiencing sexual trauma and interpersonal harm? Do you have overwhelming anxiety, hopelessness, or loneliness? Do you feel disconnected from your body and feel sexual shame due to growing up in religions that elevated purity culture? Are you looking to heal your relationship to food and body through embodiment? It would be an honor to join you on your journey to connect to your body and increase a compassionate relationship with yourself.
Do you struggle to see yourself as a person with inherent value or struggle with feeling safe due to experiencing sexual trauma and interpersonal harm? Do you have overwhelming anxiety, hopelessness, or loneliness? Do you feel disconnected from your body and feel sexual shame due to growing up in religions that elevated purity culture? Are you looking to heal your relationship to food and body through embodiment? It would be an honor to join you on your journey to connect to your body and increase a compassionate relationship with yourself.
(816) 750-5907 View (816) 750-5907
Photo of Toni Vaughn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Toni Vaughn
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64111
Are you struggling with feeling isolated and withdrawn? Does life seem to feel overwhelming and too much to handle at times? Well you are not alone. I will partner with you to identify what you want your life to look like. I'll support you with professional tools & interventions needed to get you to the next steps of self-improvement, and healthier living.
Are you struggling with feeling isolated and withdrawn? Does life seem to feel overwhelming and too much to handle at times? Well you are not alone. I will partner with you to identify what you want your life to look like. I'll support you with professional tools & interventions needed to get you to the next steps of self-improvement, and healthier living.
(816) 357-8632 View (816) 357-8632
Photo of Rebecca Rickard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Rebecca Rickard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64116
Welcome! Sometimes we find ourselves in "survival mode," where we are doing what we can to get by. And with so many stressors, there's no time to reflect on how we are really doing. Thoughts and emotions can sneak up at random, often leaving one confused. Many of my clients have experienced multiple traumas and choose to process these memories. Some prefer to focus on getting coping skills, tailored to each individual, to relieve symptoms. Trauma has a lasting impact on our lives which makes adjusting to a new life more difficult, I'm here to help.
Welcome! Sometimes we find ourselves in "survival mode," where we are doing what we can to get by. And with so many stressors, there's no time to reflect on how we are really doing. Thoughts and emotions can sneak up at random, often leaving one confused. Many of my clients have experienced multiple traumas and choose to process these memories. Some prefer to focus on getting coping skills, tailored to each individual, to relieve symptoms. Trauma has a lasting impact on our lives which makes adjusting to a new life more difficult, I'm here to help.
(816) 750-6112 View (816) 750-6112
Photo of Ada Gillespie Kelly, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Ada Gillespie Kelly
Licensed Professional Counselor, RN, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64113
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in personal growth, relationships, emotional wellbeing and spirituality. I enjoy working with a broad spectrum of clients who want to increase their awareness about their emotional, spiritual, and physical health. I enjoy guiding clients through changing habits, attitudes and beliefs and healing emotional obstacles that prevent them from feeling and being their best selves to support life-long well-being.
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in personal growth, relationships, emotional wellbeing and spirituality. I enjoy working with a broad spectrum of clients who want to increase their awareness about their emotional, spiritual, and physical health. I enjoy guiding clients through changing habits, attitudes and beliefs and healing emotional obstacles that prevent them from feeling and being their best selves to support life-long well-being.
(816) 203-1954 View (816) 203-1954
Photo of LaTisha Robinson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
LaTisha Robinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64109  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Trauma can be overwhelming and life altering. Trauma can stop you from moving forward in life and affect areas of your life and relationships. No matter the story, help is available to assist you in navigating through your trauma narrative and give you the tools necessary to become happy, healthy and thriving. Processing through traumatic events is no easy task; being brave enough to try and seek out help is no small feat. I already admire your bravery and courage. I consider it an honor to walk alongside you and empower you to do hard things- because you can!
Trauma can be overwhelming and life altering. Trauma can stop you from moving forward in life and affect areas of your life and relationships. No matter the story, help is available to assist you in navigating through your trauma narrative and give you the tools necessary to become happy, healthy and thriving. Processing through traumatic events is no easy task; being brave enough to try and seek out help is no small feat. I already admire your bravery and courage. I consider it an honor to walk alongside you and empower you to do hard things- because you can!
(816) 209-1020 View (816) 209-1020
Photo of Justin Mann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Justin Mann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64111  (Online Only)
Justin Mann is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has 8 years of experience in the mental health field. Justin specializes in helping people overcome their struggles with depression, anxiety, substance use, and trauma. He also specializes in couples counseling and family therapy. Justin enjoys playing music and spending time with his wife and two sons. Justin completed his Master of Social Work (MSW) at Saint Louis University, where he graduated as part of the Phi Alpha Honor Society. He has certifications in Co-Occurring Disorders and Medication Assisted Recovery.
Justin Mann is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has 8 years of experience in the mental health field. Justin specializes in helping people overcome their struggles with depression, anxiety, substance use, and trauma. He also specializes in couples counseling and family therapy. Justin enjoys playing music and spending time with his wife and two sons. Justin completed his Master of Social Work (MSW) at Saint Louis University, where he graduated as part of the Phi Alpha Honor Society. He has certifications in Co-Occurring Disorders and Medication Assisted Recovery.
(417) 216-6071 View (417) 216-6071
Photo of Sierra Cook, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kansas City, MO
Sierra Cook
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64108
Hello, I'm Sierra, a therapist with a passion for helping individuals navigate life's challenges and find their path to well-being. I earned my Master of Arts in Counseling from MidAmerica Nazarene University. I believe that therapy should be a readily accessible resource for everyone. Taking that first step to seek counseling can be daunting, yet it's often a vital catalyst for personal growth and transformation.
Hello, I'm Sierra, a therapist with a passion for helping individuals navigate life's challenges and find their path to well-being. I earned my Master of Arts in Counseling from MidAmerica Nazarene University. I believe that therapy should be a readily accessible resource for everyone. Taking that first step to seek counseling can be daunting, yet it's often a vital catalyst for personal growth and transformation.
(816) 239-2793 View (816) 239-2793
Photo of Alex Ratzlaff, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kansas City, MO
Alex Ratzlaff
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64110
As a therapist, my goal is to help guide clients through the uncomfortable and often painful process of making life changes and better understanding themselves. Many of my clients struggle with trauma that has kept them stuck in a cycle. I am here to help clients navigate through difficult feelings, relationships, and/or experiences and develop ways to live a healthier, happier lifestyle. Also, as an athlete and a coach, I have unique insight working with athletes of all ages and levels. In sports performance, unlocking the mental side of the sport and making it work for you can help you achieve your next level.
As a therapist, my goal is to help guide clients through the uncomfortable and often painful process of making life changes and better understanding themselves. Many of my clients struggle with trauma that has kept them stuck in a cycle. I am here to help clients navigate through difficult feelings, relationships, and/or experiences and develop ways to live a healthier, happier lifestyle. Also, as an athlete and a coach, I have unique insight working with athletes of all ages and levels. In sports performance, unlocking the mental side of the sport and making it work for you can help you achieve your next level.
(816) 297-0887 View (816) 297-0887
Photo of Chiwoo Choi, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Chiwoo Choi
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64112  (Online Only)
Why is it so hard to break the cycle of codependency, people-pleasing behaviors, and crap-fitting? Because codependency, aka, "self-love deficit disorder" is a lot like drug addiction. Most people are not ready to face the withdrawal symptoms like core loneliness and guilt, and succumb to their old patterns. You might even experience symptoms of PTSD from toxic relationships. In order to heal, you must have determination and guidance. It's going to be the hardest thing you have ever done, but you can be free. There's simply no other way around it.
Why is it so hard to break the cycle of codependency, people-pleasing behaviors, and crap-fitting? Because codependency, aka, "self-love deficit disorder" is a lot like drug addiction. Most people are not ready to face the withdrawal symptoms like core loneliness and guilt, and succumb to their old patterns. You might even experience symptoms of PTSD from toxic relationships. In order to heal, you must have determination and guidance. It's going to be the hardest thing you have ever done, but you can be free. There's simply no other way around it.
(816) 323-3565 View (816) 323-3565
Photo of Dr. Jennifer Fontaine, Psychologist in Kansas City, MO
Dr. Jennifer Fontaine
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64114
A seasoned professional in practice for 24 years, I have expertise in child, adolescent and adult populations. My focus is providing evidence based interventions for common mental health issues including anxiety, depression, ADHD, behavioral problems, and relationship issues. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
A seasoned professional in practice for 24 years, I have expertise in child, adolescent and adult populations. My focus is providing evidence based interventions for common mental health issues including anxiety, depression, ADHD, behavioral problems, and relationship issues. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
(816) 323-3454 View (816) 323-3454
Photo of Isaiah Robinson-McBride, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Isaiah Robinson-McBride
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSCP, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64163  (Online Only)
My ideal client is likely an individual or family seeking comprehensive mental health support. They might be dealing with a range of challenges, including stress, anxiety, depression, family dynamics, and personal growth. These clients need a therapist who can provide a safe and empathetic space for exploring their emotions and developing effective coping strategies. Their goals could involve improving their overall well-being, enhancing their mental skills, and gaining resilience to navigate life's ups and downs successfully.
My ideal client is likely an individual or family seeking comprehensive mental health support. They might be dealing with a range of challenges, including stress, anxiety, depression, family dynamics, and personal growth. These clients need a therapist who can provide a safe and empathetic space for exploring their emotions and developing effective coping strategies. Their goals could involve improving their overall well-being, enhancing their mental skills, and gaining resilience to navigate life's ups and downs successfully.
(816) 323-5287 View (816) 323-5287
Photo of Eileen Connell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Eileen Connell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, RN, LPC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64112
My clients generally reach out for help when struggling with an adjustment, a loss, or a relationship that has problems. I most often see women, during pregnancy or postpartum, or at other times of crisis or difficulty during their lives. The relationship that I form with my clients is the most important aspect of the therapy, as it is the trust and emotional safety that is the foundation for the work we will do. It is within that therapeutic relationship that a deeper understanding of oneself and change can occur.
My clients generally reach out for help when struggling with an adjustment, a loss, or a relationship that has problems. I most often see women, during pregnancy or postpartum, or at other times of crisis or difficulty during their lives. The relationship that I form with my clients is the most important aspect of the therapy, as it is the trust and emotional safety that is the foundation for the work we will do. It is within that therapeutic relationship that a deeper understanding of oneself and change can occur.
(816) 945-4890 View (816) 945-4890
Photo of Health-E Living Psychological Services, Psychologist in Kansas City, MO
Health-E Living Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64114  (Online Only)
Health-E Living is a telehealth group practice specializing in the treatment of PTSD & related disorders. Our aim is to increase access to high-quality, evidence-based psychotherapy services through treatment, training, and consultation. Our practice adheres to a recovery model of care with the goal of reducing symptoms, building resilience, and helping clients regain a meaningful life.
Health-E Living is a telehealth group practice specializing in the treatment of PTSD & related disorders. Our aim is to increase access to high-quality, evidence-based psychotherapy services through treatment, training, and consultation. Our practice adheres to a recovery model of care with the goal of reducing symptoms, building resilience, and helping clients regain a meaningful life.
(816) 339-4724 View (816) 339-4724
Photo of Kara Joy Werner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Kara Joy Werner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64111  (Online Only)
We are all just walking each other home. While I bring a deep love for/nerdiness about how we become us, you know you best. You've got the map and say where to go — I empower you to navigate, process, unpack and heal. We will work to make connections, identify patterns/themes and reframe old stories that no longer serve you. I am also trained in EMDR & approach therapy through a trauma-informed, systemic, anti-oppression lens, practicing cultural humility. I am a visionary curator of transformative experiences. If you have tried therapy before and are still struggling and/or are ready to change your trajectory, call me.
We are all just walking each other home. While I bring a deep love for/nerdiness about how we become us, you know you best. You've got the map and say where to go — I empower you to navigate, process, unpack and heal. We will work to make connections, identify patterns/themes and reframe old stories that no longer serve you. I am also trained in EMDR & approach therapy through a trauma-informed, systemic, anti-oppression lens, practicing cultural humility. I am a visionary curator of transformative experiences. If you have tried therapy before and are still struggling and/or are ready to change your trajectory, call me.
(816) 656-3398 View (816) 656-3398
Photo of Alyssa Myatt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Alyssa Myatt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64153  (Online Only)
My motto in my practice is “we can do hard things.” My approach is a collaborative approach and I believe in meeting you where you want to be met. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in both Missouri and Kansas. I accept insurance to include Aetna, Optum, and UHC. I am EMDR Trained. I enjoy integrating various modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Person-Centered, and Mindfulness followed through by using strength-based and solutions-focused approaches. I have experience with clients presenting with challenges such as anxiety, depression, major life changing events, trauma, relationship issues, and LGBTQ+ issues.
My motto in my practice is “we can do hard things.” My approach is a collaborative approach and I believe in meeting you where you want to be met. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in both Missouri and Kansas. I accept insurance to include Aetna, Optum, and UHC. I am EMDR Trained. I enjoy integrating various modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Person-Centered, and Mindfulness followed through by using strength-based and solutions-focused approaches. I have experience with clients presenting with challenges such as anxiety, depression, major life changing events, trauma, relationship issues, and LGBTQ+ issues.
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Photo of Jill Hamilton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Jill Hamilton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS , LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64111
Maybe you're feeling stuck. Maybe you are seeking answers but not able to see through the darkness. Maybe peace feels impossible. Maybe you're questioning who you are or going through a life transition. Maybe it's your relationship or parenting or past hurts. This life experience is filled with highs, lows, and in-between moments. At times, we all want someone to join in our journey and walk alongside us so we can feel supported. I am here to meet you where you are in your life right now. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I believe that all of life is relational, whether that is within or outside with family, friends, society.
Maybe you're feeling stuck. Maybe you are seeking answers but not able to see through the darkness. Maybe peace feels impossible. Maybe you're questioning who you are or going through a life transition. Maybe it's your relationship or parenting or past hurts. This life experience is filled with highs, lows, and in-between moments. At times, we all want someone to join in our journey and walk alongside us so we can feel supported. I am here to meet you where you are in your life right now. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I believe that all of life is relational, whether that is within or outside with family, friends, society.
(816) 839-9683 View (816) 839-9683

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Kansas City, MO

900+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Kansas City, MO who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% Aetna
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
58% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Kansas City, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Kansas City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.