Therapists in Fair Oaks, CA

Photo of Michelle Mohammadian, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Michelle Mohammadian
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Most of us are able to go through the motions and present ourselves in a way that is perceived that we have it all together. While on the inside, we could be battling negative self-talk, the overwhelm of day to day life or trauma from the past, and struggling to cope with these big feelings in a healthy way. Maybe we are ready to make a change, but are unsure where to begin.
Most of us are able to go through the motions and present ourselves in a way that is perceived that we have it all together. While on the inside, we could be battling negative self-talk, the overwhelm of day to day life or trauma from the past, and struggling to cope with these big feelings in a healthy way. Maybe we are ready to make a change, but are unsure where to begin.
(916) 545-6424 View (916) 545-6424
Photo of Whole Wellness Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Whole Wellness Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Not Verified Not Verified
4 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Things look pretty good from the other side of the street. Most see you as “having it altogether.” After all, you’re the driven, reliable one everyone turns to. But underneath, you feel disconnected, numb and alone. Sure, you can pull it together when you need to, and the drugs and alcohol help, but you know this cycle can’t last. To top it all off, you feel guilty you can’t be everything, to everyone, all the time. You know it’s time to make a change.
Things look pretty good from the other side of the street. Most see you as “having it altogether.” After all, you’re the driven, reliable one everyone turns to. But underneath, you feel disconnected, numb and alone. Sure, you can pull it together when you need to, and the drugs and alcohol help, but you know this cycle can’t last. To top it all off, you feel guilty you can’t be everything, to everyone, all the time. You know it’s time to make a change.
(916) 633-7801 View (916) 633-7801
Photo of Kristen Crichton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Kristen Crichton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
You are making a huge step in reaching out for help right now! I understand how overwhelming it can be choosing the right therapist for you. My hope is that in choosing to work with me, you will find a safe and supportive environment where you can work through some of life's toughest issues. I feel confident that I can give you the tools you need to get through this trial. I have been successfully helping individuals, couples and families get un-stuck for over a decade. I hope you will give me the chance to help you too!
You are making a huge step in reaching out for help right now! I understand how overwhelming it can be choosing the right therapist for you. My hope is that in choosing to work with me, you will find a safe and supportive environment where you can work through some of life's toughest issues. I feel confident that I can give you the tools you need to get through this trial. I have been successfully helping individuals, couples and families get un-stuck for over a decade. I hope you will give me the chance to help you too!
(916) 226-4738 View (916) 226-4738
Photo of Kristina Albright, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fair Oaks, CA
Kristina Albright
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
I enjoy working with clients from every background who are struggling with trauma, stress, grief, loss, anxiety, depression, life transitions, or anything that keeps them from feeling like the best version of themselves. To sit with someone in their hardest times is an honor and I feel privileged to have the opportunity to provide support and guidance when they reach out for help. I am passionate about serving others, especially first responders, front line workers and those suffering from the effects of trauma.
I enjoy working with clients from every background who are struggling with trauma, stress, grief, loss, anxiety, depression, life transitions, or anything that keeps them from feeling like the best version of themselves. To sit with someone in their hardest times is an honor and I feel privileged to have the opportunity to provide support and guidance when they reach out for help. I am passionate about serving others, especially first responders, front line workers and those suffering from the effects of trauma.
(279) 400-1317 View (279) 400-1317
Jack Roland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Over 15 years I have developed a warm direct approach to therapy, while helping people heal persistent emotional and behavioral problems. I strive to build a friendly atmosphere encouraging a sense of security and hope, evaluating each person’s unique experience in a confidential and non-judgmental way. My goal is to foster a sincere relationship based on trust and compassion, which helps a client/s to overcome the anxiety of sharing their deepest thoughts, feelings and experiences. This redeeming process enables a person to understand and overcome emotional adversity resulting in a sense of relief, accomplishment, and growth.
Over 15 years I have developed a warm direct approach to therapy, while helping people heal persistent emotional and behavioral problems. I strive to build a friendly atmosphere encouraging a sense of security and hope, evaluating each person’s unique experience in a confidential and non-judgmental way. My goal is to foster a sincere relationship based on trust and compassion, which helps a client/s to overcome the anxiety of sharing their deepest thoughts, feelings and experiences. This redeeming process enables a person to understand and overcome emotional adversity resulting in a sense of relief, accomplishment, and growth.
(916) 270-0887 View (916) 270-0887
Photo of Laura Sharp, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Fair Oaks, CA
Laura Sharp
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Teens, Adults, Couples: Change in your life and relationships are possible, and can be easier when you have someone to work alongside you to create the changes you want. Whether you’re experiencing problems with depression, anxiety, identity, or difficulties in your relationships, I aim to create a safe space to process and explore the areas in your life that need healing. I believe that through bringing a compassionate awareness to the dynamics playing out, we can more effectively make choices that empower us to live a more fulfilling life and have more satisfying relationships.
Teens, Adults, Couples: Change in your life and relationships are possible, and can be easier when you have someone to work alongside you to create the changes you want. Whether you’re experiencing problems with depression, anxiety, identity, or difficulties in your relationships, I aim to create a safe space to process and explore the areas in your life that need healing. I believe that through bringing a compassionate awareness to the dynamics playing out, we can more effectively make choices that empower us to live a more fulfilling life and have more satisfying relationships.
(279) 321-7727 View (279) 321-7727
Photo of Constance Goins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Constance Goins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADCII
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Has depression, anxiety, chronic pain, or substance use tugged you off the course you thought your life would take? I truly believe that everyone deserves the opportunity to thrive and find meaning and fulfillment in life. With the right support, we can work to promote your recovery and better understand the core elements upholding addictive patterns and states of unwellness in your life. Teaching people how to love themselves first and to prioritize their mental and physical health is a critical first step to break the cycle of addiction.
Has depression, anxiety, chronic pain, or substance use tugged you off the course you thought your life would take? I truly believe that everyone deserves the opportunity to thrive and find meaning and fulfillment in life. With the right support, we can work to promote your recovery and better understand the core elements upholding addictive patterns and states of unwellness in your life. Teaching people how to love themselves first and to prioritize their mental and physical health is a critical first step to break the cycle of addiction.
(916) 655-9864 View (916) 655-9864
Photo of Andrea Bruce, Psychologist in Fair Oaks, CA
Andrea Bruce
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
I provide psychological services to individuals experiencing difficulties with: anxiety, depression, AD/HD, high functioning Autism, trauma, PTSD/C-PTSD, grief, and relationship difficulties. Additionally, I provide supportive integrative health coaching (as a part of psychological services), for those who experience chronic physical conditions that can interrupt or impact quality of life (ie: pain, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, etc).
I provide psychological services to individuals experiencing difficulties with: anxiety, depression, AD/HD, high functioning Autism, trauma, PTSD/C-PTSD, grief, and relationship difficulties. Additionally, I provide supportive integrative health coaching (as a part of psychological services), for those who experience chronic physical conditions that can interrupt or impact quality of life (ie: pain, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, etc).
(916) 347-4234 View (916) 347-4234
Photo of Andrew Lee, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Fair Oaks, CA
Andrew Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
We all struggle at different times in our lives. Whether it’s with depression, anxiety, trauma, or relationship issues… I want you to know that you don't have to do this alone. Maybe you have a need for clarity and a plan to navigate this chapter of your life. Maybe you're feeling stuck and are uncertain where to turn. Whatever challenges you are encountering, it would be my honor to walk with you through them, increase your resilience, and help you become the best version of you.
We all struggle at different times in our lives. Whether it’s with depression, anxiety, trauma, or relationship issues… I want you to know that you don't have to do this alone. Maybe you have a need for clarity and a plan to navigate this chapter of your life. Maybe you're feeling stuck and are uncertain where to turn. Whatever challenges you are encountering, it would be my honor to walk with you through them, increase your resilience, and help you become the best version of you.
(916) 827-1553 View (916) 827-1553
Photo of Veronica Hagen, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Veronica Hagen
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Are you seeking a trauma-informed therapist who will show up authentically, listen without judgment, and extend compassion? Do you feel alone and like no one understands? I welcome you with compassionate curiosity, empathy, and kindness. I believe all clients have their own intuitive wisdom, but when we experience traumatic life experiences, we disconnect from ourselves and others for protection. Healing involves reconnection. A big part of this healing involves grief work. I support and guide clients as they grieve, heal, reconnect, and learn to trust the intuition that has always been there.
Are you seeking a trauma-informed therapist who will show up authentically, listen without judgment, and extend compassion? Do you feel alone and like no one understands? I welcome you with compassionate curiosity, empathy, and kindness. I believe all clients have their own intuitive wisdom, but when we experience traumatic life experiences, we disconnect from ourselves and others for protection. Healing involves reconnection. A big part of this healing involves grief work. I support and guide clients as they grieve, heal, reconnect, and learn to trust the intuition that has always been there.
(916) 794-3747 View (916) 794-3747
Photo of Iris Pachler, Psychologist in Fair Oaks, CA
Iris Pachler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628  (Online Only)
I understand how complicated life can become, leading to such challenges as divorce, struggles raising children, blended families, difficult relationships, trauma, and loss. The ways you have adapted to those challenges may no longer work for you and we can discover new strengths and interactional patterns that can make life easier and simpler. I have helped individuals deal with anxiety and depression, and move through times of loss and trauma. I approach people with authenticity, honesty and openness.
I understand how complicated life can become, leading to such challenges as divorce, struggles raising children, blended families, difficult relationships, trauma, and loss. The ways you have adapted to those challenges may no longer work for you and we can discover new strengths and interactional patterns that can make life easier and simpler. I have helped individuals deal with anxiety and depression, and move through times of loss and trauma. I approach people with authenticity, honesty and openness.
(530) 903-4538 View (530) 903-4538
Photo of Nicolina Marie Santoro, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Nicolina Marie Santoro
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Our work of joining to creatively support the insight and capacity for growth that lies within is profound and sacred. Life is a vast collection of experiences that we can't always be prepared for. These experiences can cause significant emotional and physical distress when we don’t allow for the process of working through them. My service to you is practical, relational and educational, focused on supporting you to intuitively remember your sense of peace so you may express your highest potential in the world for the greatest good of all concerned.
Our work of joining to creatively support the insight and capacity for growth that lies within is profound and sacred. Life is a vast collection of experiences that we can't always be prepared for. These experiences can cause significant emotional and physical distress when we don’t allow for the process of working through them. My service to you is practical, relational and educational, focused on supporting you to intuitively remember your sense of peace so you may express your highest potential in the world for the greatest good of all concerned.
(916) 827-4982 View (916) 827-4982
Photo of Samantha Heim, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fair Oaks, CA
Samantha Heim
Pre-Licensed Professional, ACSW
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628  (Online Only)
Are you overwhelmed by the stresses of life that are coming at you from every angle? Perhaps work stress, challenging relationships, anxiety that’s keeping you up at night, or difficulty focusing. You know that the life you want requires change, but you don’t know where to start. I truly believe that everyone deserves the opportunity to thrive and find happiness. With the right support, you can understand the roots of anxiety, trauma, chronic pain and depression and develop effective tools to manage them. Together, we can discover what wellness and a fulfilling life look like for you.
Are you overwhelmed by the stresses of life that are coming at you from every angle? Perhaps work stress, challenging relationships, anxiety that’s keeping you up at night, or difficulty focusing. You know that the life you want requires change, but you don’t know where to start. I truly believe that everyone deserves the opportunity to thrive and find happiness. With the right support, you can understand the roots of anxiety, trauma, chronic pain and depression and develop effective tools to manage them. Together, we can discover what wellness and a fulfilling life look like for you.
(916) 656-0087 View (916) 656-0087
Photo of Amy Nelson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Amy Nelson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! I'm thrilled to be considered as part of your wellbeing journey. I'm a LCSW with over 3 years of experience working with children, teens, and adults. Prior to becoming a clinician, I worked for many years in the early childhood education field and as a counselor for teens in a residential setting. I have graduate degrees in both human and social services (2019) and social work (2021). Presently, I'm working on my PhD in social work at Walden University. I'm passionate about the benefits of therapy and the positive difference a caring relationship with a therapist can bring.
Hello and welcome! I'm thrilled to be considered as part of your wellbeing journey. I'm a LCSW with over 3 years of experience working with children, teens, and adults. Prior to becoming a clinician, I worked for many years in the early childhood education field and as a counselor for teens in a residential setting. I have graduate degrees in both human and social services (2019) and social work (2021). Presently, I'm working on my PhD in social work at Walden University. I'm passionate about the benefits of therapy and the positive difference a caring relationship with a therapist can bring.
(279) 465-0475 View (279) 465-0475
Photo of Chassity Angeny-Showalter, Psychologist in Fair Oaks, CA
Chassity Angeny-Showalter
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628  (Online Only)
My ideal clients are women, 18 and older, who tend to appear to others to “have it all together”. They can carry many responsibilities and can achieve a lot, sometimes making it seem easy on the outside. Internally, these women may feel anxious, overwhelmed, depressed, or exhausted. Sometimes they may struggle in their relationship with their own emotions, with their relationship with food or their bodies, or with alcohol. If you may be one of these women, my goal is to provide you with support, to help you be kinder to yourself, and to help you slow down to enjoy the life that you have created.
My ideal clients are women, 18 and older, who tend to appear to others to “have it all together”. They can carry many responsibilities and can achieve a lot, sometimes making it seem easy on the outside. Internally, these women may feel anxious, overwhelmed, depressed, or exhausted. Sometimes they may struggle in their relationship with their own emotions, with their relationship with food or their bodies, or with alcohol. If you may be one of these women, my goal is to provide you with support, to help you be kinder to yourself, and to help you slow down to enjoy the life that you have created.
(916) 414-9676 View (916) 414-9676
Photo of Jamie Johnson, Counselor in Fair Oaks, CA
Jamie Johnson
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Very few people know what is really going on in your life and just how stuck you feel. It has gotten to the point where you no longer recognize yourself and have no idea how you got here. Maybe you feel like everything in your life, including yourself is out of control or that getting out of bed takes all your energy before your day has even started. Maybe you are flooded with unwanted memories from the past and you have turned to drugs or alcohol to cope. You’re exhausted and know that life cannot continue like this anymore. You are looking for a change, and are searching for support. I can help!
Very few people know what is really going on in your life and just how stuck you feel. It has gotten to the point where you no longer recognize yourself and have no idea how you got here. Maybe you feel like everything in your life, including yourself is out of control or that getting out of bed takes all your energy before your day has even started. Maybe you are flooded with unwanted memories from the past and you have turned to drugs or alcohol to cope. You’re exhausted and know that life cannot continue like this anymore. You are looking for a change, and are searching for support. I can help!
(916) 252-5659 View (916) 252-5659
Photo of Sheyonna Carter, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fair Oaks, CA
Sheyonna Carter
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
My goal is to support clients with keeping their mental health a priority. If you are looking to learn coping skills for daily struggles that can bring on stress, anxiety, chaos, dysfunction, and worry let's work together to find your calming rhythm that works for you. If you are looking for a place to just let your guard down and you just need to talk, I can be that listener you need.
My goal is to support clients with keeping their mental health a priority. If you are looking to learn coping skills for daily struggles that can bring on stress, anxiety, chaos, dysfunction, and worry let's work together to find your calming rhythm that works for you. If you are looking for a place to just let your guard down and you just need to talk, I can be that listener you need.
(916) 914-8870 View (916) 914-8870
Photo of Paul Singh, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Fair Oaks, CA
Paul Singh
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
When it comes to our mental health and our relationships, often we believe that it is better to say nothing and go with the flow. That enduring through difficult times and biting the bullet is better than using our voices to disrupt the cycle of dysfunction around us. Using our voice can be incredibly difficult and at times feel so awkward because we have become used to suffocating our emotions. It is okay to have feelings. It is okay to want change. The true measure of strength is not our ability to endure dysfunction but having the courage to stand up and say, “It stops here.” I can help.
When it comes to our mental health and our relationships, often we believe that it is better to say nothing and go with the flow. That enduring through difficult times and biting the bullet is better than using our voices to disrupt the cycle of dysfunction around us. Using our voice can be incredibly difficult and at times feel so awkward because we have become used to suffocating our emotions. It is okay to have feelings. It is okay to want change. The true measure of strength is not our ability to endure dysfunction but having the courage to stand up and say, “It stops here.” I can help.
(916) 354-6518 View (916) 354-6518
Photo of Diana Dicker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Diana Dicker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in children, adolescents, individuals and couples. My approach to therapy is based on the premise that each person has the ability to lead a fulfilling and productive life. Stress, lack of knowledge, losses, family and societal pressures all affect our self-portrait. Therapy is a safe place where a person can develop a more accurate and healthy view of one self. Our self-image and relationships are not static: they are dynamically changing. My approach includes a combination of Cognitive-Behavioral, Person-Centered, and Family Therapy.
I specialize in children, adolescents, individuals and couples. My approach to therapy is based on the premise that each person has the ability to lead a fulfilling and productive life. Stress, lack of knowledge, losses, family and societal pressures all affect our self-portrait. Therapy is a safe place where a person can develop a more accurate and healthy view of one self. Our self-image and relationships are not static: they are dynamically changing. My approach includes a combination of Cognitive-Behavioral, Person-Centered, and Family Therapy.
(916) 472-2581 View (916) 472-2581
Photo of Mary Guzik, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Mary Guzik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Do you need help with your relationship? Are you wondering what to do next? Do you love someone, but don't like him/her right now? Well, I am here to help. I specialize in relationship issues. As an experienced licensed therapist, I can work with you to identify the problem areas in your relationship(s). Together, we can create a plan for change, develop new skills for a stronger connection, and create healthier interactions in your relationship(s). Yes, I know counseling can be costly. However, therapy is an investment. The investment is in improving your emotional well-being.
Do you need help with your relationship? Are you wondering what to do next? Do you love someone, but don't like him/her right now? Well, I am here to help. I specialize in relationship issues. As an experienced licensed therapist, I can work with you to identify the problem areas in your relationship(s). Together, we can create a plan for change, develop new skills for a stronger connection, and create healthier interactions in your relationship(s). Yes, I know counseling can be costly. However, therapy is an investment. The investment is in improving your emotional well-being.
(916) 512-6381 View (916) 512-6381

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fair Oaks, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Fair Oaks, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
93% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
74% Grief
74% Self Esteem
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Optum
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
53% Aetna

How Therapists in Fair Oaks, CA see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fair Oaks?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.