Photo of Amelia Steves, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Amelia Steves
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW , CASAC-T
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Astoria, NY 11105  (Online Only)
I work with individuals who are seeking comfort and evidence based models to deal with their anxieties, life stressors, trauma, depression, family and relationship issues, and ADHD. I use empathetic listening, trauma informed and a strength based approach to help individuals meet the goals that they want to meet. These goals could be how to live each day and to learn how to prioritize themselves and their mental health. Being fluent in American Sign Language and being a CODA, I am familiar with the struggles that Deaf individuals face and the uniqueness of being raised in Deaf culture.
I work with individuals who are seeking comfort and evidence based models to deal with their anxieties, life stressors, trauma, depression, family and relationship issues, and ADHD. I use empathetic listening, trauma informed and a strength based approach to help individuals meet the goals that they want to meet. These goals could be how to live each day and to learn how to prioritize themselves and their mental health. Being fluent in American Sign Language and being a CODA, I am familiar with the struggles that Deaf individuals face and the uniqueness of being raised in Deaf culture.
(718) 550-3142 View (718) 550-3142

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Javier M. Matos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Javier M. Matos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC-2, PC
Verified Verified
Maspeth, NY 11378
My practice provides the finest quality of therapeutic services to a diverse range of clients without any type of discrimination. Together we can develop strong coping skills in dealing with your drug addiction/ alcoholism problems. To overcome your traumas related to physical, emotional, sexual or religious abuse. To brake away from the debilitating effects of depression, anxiety, phobias, panic attacks and recover the control of your life. We can create a safe place for you to share your deepest fears, concerns and good moments. When dealing with your kids/adolescents, they will want to come to therapy willingly.
My practice provides the finest quality of therapeutic services to a diverse range of clients without any type of discrimination. Together we can develop strong coping skills in dealing with your drug addiction/ alcoholism problems. To overcome your traumas related to physical, emotional, sexual or religious abuse. To brake away from the debilitating effects of depression, anxiety, phobias, panic attacks and recover the control of your life. We can create a safe place for you to share your deepest fears, concerns and good moments. When dealing with your kids/adolescents, they will want to come to therapy willingly.
(347) 934-8240 View (347) 934-8240
Photo of Jordan Hirshon, Counselor in Astoria, NY
Jordan Hirshon
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
The clients I work with range from 7 years old to 85. Typically the clients who seek my help are experiencing anxiety, depression, panic, relationship problems, phase of life difficulties, or memory problems. The goals clients have are typically to achieve a more balance life and mitigate their mental health difficulties.
The clients I work with range from 7 years old to 85. Typically the clients who seek my help are experiencing anxiety, depression, panic, relationship problems, phase of life difficulties, or memory problems. The goals clients have are typically to achieve a more balance life and mitigate their mental health difficulties.
(332) 877-9778 View (332) 877-9778
Photo of Dr. Amanda O'Hearn, Psychologist in Astoria, NY
Dr. Amanda O'Hearn
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10055  (Online Only)
Over the past 24 years, I have worked with clients with a range of issues from depression and anxiety to stress and relationship changes. My clients describe me as approachable, down-to-earth and practical in my work with them. I enjoy the process of exploring what issues are causing distress and identifying together what needs to be done to resolve those issues or learn more effective ways of responding.
Over the past 24 years, I have worked with clients with a range of issues from depression and anxiety to stress and relationship changes. My clients describe me as approachable, down-to-earth and practical in my work with them. I enjoy the process of exploring what issues are causing distress and identifying together what needs to be done to resolve those issues or learn more effective ways of responding.
(585) 572-7047 View (585) 572-7047
Photo of Southern Adirondack Counseling Services, Counselor in Astoria, NY
Southern Adirondack Counseling Services
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10007  (Online Only)
My areas of focus are Trauma/PTSD, Anxiety, Grief, Depression, Personality Disorders, Substance Use/Chemical Dependency, Relationships and Communication, Behavior Modification and Co-Dependency.
We do not take insurance at this time. Text or email is the easiest form of contact to respond to during the workday. Currently offering tele-therapy only. I have a passion and enthusiasm for guiding clients through the journey of finding balance and happiness in their life through solutions-based therapy. I have had the privilege of working with Active Duty military, Veterans and First Responders for over 10 years through my work and volunteerism as a Mental Health Evaluator. I know how stress, anxiety, and the unknown can affect a person and their family.
My areas of focus are Trauma/PTSD, Anxiety, Grief, Depression, Personality Disorders, Substance Use/Chemical Dependency, Relationships and Communication, Behavior Modification and Co-Dependency.
We do not take insurance at this time. Text or email is the easiest form of contact to respond to during the workday. Currently offering tele-therapy only. I have a passion and enthusiasm for guiding clients through the journey of finding balance and happiness in their life through solutions-based therapy. I have had the privilege of working with Active Duty military, Veterans and First Responders for over 10 years through my work and volunteerism as a Mental Health Evaluator. I know how stress, anxiety, and the unknown can affect a person and their family.
(518) 519-3783 View (518) 519-3783
Photo of Jacquelyn Tenaglia, LMHC, Counselor in Astoria, NY
Jacquelyn Tenaglia, LMHC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
New York, NY 10012
My expertise also encompasses co-occurring disorders such as ADHD, depression, and men’s mental health.
Welcome! I’m a licensed mental health counselor (LMHC) specializing in working with adults 30+ with anxiety, ADHD and substance use. I collaborate with clients around stress management, mindfulness, and the relationship between physical & mental health. I’m especially passionate about guiding those with demanding careers & leadership roles towards integrating a stronger work-life balance.
My expertise also encompasses co-occurring disorders such as ADHD, depression, and men’s mental health.
Welcome! I’m a licensed mental health counselor (LMHC) specializing in working with adults 30+ with anxiety, ADHD and substance use. I collaborate with clients around stress management, mindfulness, and the relationship between physical & mental health. I’m especially passionate about guiding those with demanding careers & leadership roles towards integrating a stronger work-life balance.
View
Photo of Linda Meaney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Linda Meaney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Not Verified Not Verified
New York, NY 10011
Some people come to me for help in dealing with difficult situations that they find themselves in: they’re stuck in moving along with their careers (in acquiring work that’s more fulfilling or remunerative); stymied in finding love; overwhelmed by having to cope with a loss or significant change; stressed out over mending or escaping a broken relationship; struggling with parenting their children in a complex world. Other people come to me for help in overcoming deep-seated afflictions that prevent them from leading normal lives: depression, anxiety, addiction, or phobias.
Some people come to me for help in dealing with difficult situations that they find themselves in: they’re stuck in moving along with their careers (in acquiring work that’s more fulfilling or remunerative); stymied in finding love; overwhelmed by having to cope with a loss or significant change; stressed out over mending or escaping a broken relationship; struggling with parenting their children in a complex world. Other people come to me for help in overcoming deep-seated afflictions that prevent them from leading normal lives: depression, anxiety, addiction, or phobias.
(646) 863-4520 View (646) 863-4520
Photo of Dan Wenger in Astoria, NY
Dan Wenger
MS, MT-BC, LCAT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
I provide telehealth services in New York (Headway.co) and in-person services in Maine (PenBayMusicTherapy.com). I've shared profound clinical experiences in many traditionally non-musical care contexts, including psychiatric, special education, rehabilitation, and complex medical settings. My clients navigate challenges related to depression, anxiety, self-esteem, regulation, trauma, grief or loss. I guide clients to explore and express experiences and feelings that are subconsciously defining the self. I aim to provide a warm, reliable, and open-minded presence that encourages clients to express what they have held onto tightly.
I provide telehealth services in New York (Headway.co) and in-person services in Maine (PenBayMusicTherapy.com). I've shared profound clinical experiences in many traditionally non-musical care contexts, including psychiatric, special education, rehabilitation, and complex medical settings. My clients navigate challenges related to depression, anxiety, self-esteem, regulation, trauma, grief or loss. I guide clients to explore and express experiences and feelings that are subconsciously defining the self. I aim to provide a warm, reliable, and open-minded presence that encourages clients to express what they have held onto tightly.
(207) 690-5313 View (207) 690-5313
Photo of Dr. Anne Steider, Psychologist in Astoria, NY
Dr. Anne Steider
Psychologist, PhD, MBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10021
I specialize in the management of anxiety, fear, and depression - especially during times of actual or desired transition - that show up as feeling stuck or uncertain in your personal and professional life.
Change can be difficult - but with support it becomes possible. You might be struggling with difficult thoughts like "what if my family never accepts my life choices - will they ever accept me?" Perhaps you're battling indecisiveness and fear about whether you're "good enough" to succeed, preventing you from reaching your aspirations and goals? Or maybe you feel confident and successful at times, but at other moments as if your shield for taking on the world is paper-thin? I utilize methods including EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) to help resolve these concerns.
I specialize in the management of anxiety, fear, and depression - especially during times of actual or desired transition - that show up as feeling stuck or uncertain in your personal and professional life.
Change can be difficult - but with support it becomes possible. You might be struggling with difficult thoughts like "what if my family never accepts my life choices - will they ever accept me?" Perhaps you're battling indecisiveness and fear about whether you're "good enough" to succeed, preventing you from reaching your aspirations and goals? Or maybe you feel confident and successful at times, but at other moments as if your shield for taking on the world is paper-thin? I utilize methods including EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) to help resolve these concerns.
(585) 563-2631 View (585) 563-2631
Photo of Rebecca Alexander, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Rebecca Alexander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, MPH, PLLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10075
I have worked in many different capacities/communities: (HIV/AIDS, women in prison, crisis, the Deaf community, eating disorders, anxiety/depression, addiction, trauma, and grief and loss, and now crisis again.
I take a highly interactive, supportive, and collaborative approach to therapy. My goal is to help you function and feel better in the present by addressing the frustrating or repetitive behaviors or cycles that have held you back, Together, we will develop greater insight about your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that undermine your relationships and productivity. My hope is that our work together will not only be enriching and meaningful, but that it will create the change you are looking for to live a fulfilling life.
I have worked in many different capacities/communities: (HIV/AIDS, women in prison, crisis, the Deaf community, eating disorders, anxiety/depression, addiction, trauma, and grief and loss, and now crisis again.
I take a highly interactive, supportive, and collaborative approach to therapy. My goal is to help you function and feel better in the present by addressing the frustrating or repetitive behaviors or cycles that have held you back, Together, we will develop greater insight about your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that undermine your relationships and productivity. My hope is that our work together will not only be enriching and meaningful, but that it will create the change you are looking for to live a fulfilling life.
(646) 571-0775 View (646) 571-0775
Photo of Emily J Laitmon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Emily J Laitmon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028
As a psychotherapist and professional coach for over 25 years in NYC and Westchester, I work with families, couples and individuals to deal with the challenges, changes and crisis that occur in our lives when we least expect it. As a family therapist my practice addresses couples in conflict, separation and divorce as well as adolescence. My clients include women in transition with career and relationships as well as coping with anxiety, infertility and depression. I am also a certified Bereavement Counselor assisting those with parent, child and sibling loss.
As a psychotherapist and professional coach for over 25 years in NYC and Westchester, I work with families, couples and individuals to deal with the challenges, changes and crisis that occur in our lives when we least expect it. As a family therapist my practice addresses couples in conflict, separation and divorce as well as adolescence. My clients include women in transition with career and relationships as well as coping with anxiety, infertility and depression. I am also a certified Bereavement Counselor assisting those with parent, child and sibling loss.
(212) 988-2054 View (212) 988-2054
Photo of Henry Li, Counselor in Astoria, NY
Henry Li
Counselor, Henry Li, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Flushing, NY 11379
Hello everyone, please welcome and allow me to first begin in thanking you. The choice to start therapy isn’t always easy, sometimes it is the most difficult thing to do is to even consider it, then admit you want/need it before even taking the steps to start, but you are not alone on this journey. Perhaps there has been times that you have found yourself feeling stressed, down, lacking confidence, or stuck in a pattern that no longer serves you. Perhaps you’re ready to take steps toward changes but feel stuck or unsure where to start. Or even feeling lost in your relationships in life or even disconnected from them.
Hello everyone, please welcome and allow me to first begin in thanking you. The choice to start therapy isn’t always easy, sometimes it is the most difficult thing to do is to even consider it, then admit you want/need it before even taking the steps to start, but you are not alone on this journey. Perhaps there has been times that you have found yourself feeling stressed, down, lacking confidence, or stuck in a pattern that no longer serves you. Perhaps you’re ready to take steps toward changes but feel stuck or unsure where to start. Or even feeling lost in your relationships in life or even disconnected from them.
(929) 810-2506 View (929) 810-2506
Photo of Tia Jenice Morris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Tia Jenice Morris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, ACSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11201  (Online Only)
Do you sometimes find yourself staring out the window wondering if you will always feel this way? Has life circumstances left you feeling as if you and your life are a mess, and there’s no chance of it getting better? Asking yourself how you got here? Do you think about the past and wonder about the choices you could have made differently to have a better outcome now? Have you ever thought, “There has to be a way for me to live life without feeling paralyzed by fear, self-sabotage and perfectionism". If you are struggling with feelings of sadness, self-doubt, insecurity, unauthentic, alone, hopeless, and/or stuck, help is here.
Do you sometimes find yourself staring out the window wondering if you will always feel this way? Has life circumstances left you feeling as if you and your life are a mess, and there’s no chance of it getting better? Asking yourself how you got here? Do you think about the past and wonder about the choices you could have made differently to have a better outcome now? Have you ever thought, “There has to be a way for me to live life without feeling paralyzed by fear, self-sabotage and perfectionism". If you are struggling with feelings of sadness, self-doubt, insecurity, unauthentic, alone, hopeless, and/or stuck, help is here.
(314) 675-7078 View (314) 675-7078
Photo of Sarah Lee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Sarah Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
Since graduating from New York University with an MSW degree, I have been working as a psychotherapist. My clinical approach combines cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and a strengths-based process to trigger goal-oriented actions. I am DBT informed and trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). I have extensive experience with individual, family, couples, and group therapies. I am fluent in American Sign Language and have worked closely with the Deaf and Hard of Hearing communities. I see a mix of Deaf, hard of hearing, and hearing clientele of all ages.
Since graduating from New York University with an MSW degree, I have been working as a psychotherapist. My clinical approach combines cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and a strengths-based process to trigger goal-oriented actions. I am DBT informed and trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). I have extensive experience with individual, family, couples, and group therapies. I am fluent in American Sign Language and have worked closely with the Deaf and Hard of Hearing communities. I see a mix of Deaf, hard of hearing, and hearing clientele of all ages.
(646) 392-7505 View (646) 392-7505
Photo of Michaia Walker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Michaia Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Jamaica, NY 11435  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
"Be easy. take your time. you are coming home to yourself.-Nayyirah Waheed. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in New York, I like to bring a culturally and identity affirming, trauma informed lens to my work with clients. As a socially conscious Queer, Neurodivergent, Non-binary, BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, Person of Color), I take deliberate care to recognize, respect and celebrate all of the identities of my clients. By slowing down, we are able to find and care for the parts of ourselves that are often hidden, ignored, and might even be hurting the most.
"Be easy. take your time. you are coming home to yourself.-Nayyirah Waheed. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in New York, I like to bring a culturally and identity affirming, trauma informed lens to my work with clients. As a socially conscious Queer, Neurodivergent, Non-binary, BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, Person of Color), I take deliberate care to recognize, respect and celebrate all of the identities of my clients. By slowing down, we are able to find and care for the parts of ourselves that are often hidden, ignored, and might even be hurting the most.
(929) 362-5365 View (929) 362-5365
Photo of Maria Cristina Armenta, Mental Health Counselor in Astoria, NY
Maria Cristina Armenta
Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a Trilingual Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor. I have 20 years experience as an integrative psychotherapist, with training in working with Deaf/Hard of Hearing/Late-Deafened adults, children, families, couples and members of the cochlear implant community. I am also fluent in Spanish, and American Sign Language. I am currently based in Arizona, athough my practice is conducted entirely online and currenlty serving states: DC, NY, MA, AZ and TX. I also offer clinical supervision. For potentional supervisees, I provide a 60-minute clinical supervision session for those seeking opportunities for clinical growth.
Hello! I am a Trilingual Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor. I have 20 years experience as an integrative psychotherapist, with training in working with Deaf/Hard of Hearing/Late-Deafened adults, children, families, couples and members of the cochlear implant community. I am also fluent in Spanish, and American Sign Language. I am currently based in Arizona, athough my practice is conducted entirely online and currenlty serving states: DC, NY, MA, AZ and TX. I also offer clinical supervision. For potentional supervisees, I provide a 60-minute clinical supervision session for those seeking opportunities for clinical growth.
(520) 873-9542 View (520) 873-9542
Photo of Dori Brail, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Astoria, NY
Dori Brail
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10022
Welcome and thank you for considering me for your therapist. I've been a working therapist for 10 years who sees individuals, couples, and families providing compassionate, individualized and informed support. My clients are working through issues ranging from grief & loss, attachment and other trauma, identity development, social/emotional stress, interpersonal or familial conflict, anxiety, family planning, marital counseling, systemic oppression and even just the impact of day-to-day stressors. Some clients come in with defined goals and many enter therapy just wanting to feel better.
Welcome and thank you for considering me for your therapist. I've been a working therapist for 10 years who sees individuals, couples, and families providing compassionate, individualized and informed support. My clients are working through issues ranging from grief & loss, attachment and other trauma, identity development, social/emotional stress, interpersonal or familial conflict, anxiety, family planning, marital counseling, systemic oppression and even just the impact of day-to-day stressors. Some clients come in with defined goals and many enter therapy just wanting to feel better.
(516) 962-2147 View (516) 962-2147
Photo of Ally Mental Health Counseling Services, Counselor in Astoria, NY
Ally Mental Health Counseling Services
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Brooklyn, NY 11201
(914) 862-7891 View (914) 862-7891

Online Therapists

Photo of Deborah J Adler, Art Therapist in Astoria, NY
Deborah J Adler
Art Therapist, MA, ATR-BC, LCAT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Roslyn, NY 11576
I'm quite diverse in the clientele that I treat, but specialize in children and adults, with a wide range of medical and psychological needs such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, Autism spectrum, behavior issues and more. Also, in working with adults and elderly clients with various medical conditions dealing with cancer, stroke, cerebral palsy, anxiety, depression, family issues etc, I cater to the needs of the client in a wholistic, humanistic style using creative arts.
I'm quite diverse in the clientele that I treat, but specialize in children and adults, with a wide range of medical and psychological needs such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, Autism spectrum, behavior issues and more. Also, in working with adults and elderly clients with various medical conditions dealing with cancer, stroke, cerebral palsy, anxiety, depression, family issues etc, I cater to the needs of the client in a wholistic, humanistic style using creative arts.
(516) 830-3597 View (516) 830-3597
Photo of Catherine Roca, Counselor in Astoria, NY
Catherine Roca
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Staten Island, NY 10309
Together, we will develop a unique plan to find balance in life, develop inner strength and learn techniques necessary to work through struggles of adjustment/life change, anxiety, depression and addiction.
We live in a high stress, fast paced society which could make it difficult to care for ourselves holistically (mind, body and spirit). This could lead to feeling unbalanced. I can help you identify and reach goals you will need on your path toward wellness. Therapy can help you relieve emotional stress and symptoms, realize your fullest potential and empower you to make positive, lasting changes in your life. In therapy, you will learn about yourself through looking within, develop skills and increase mindfulness as you become better able to confront life stress and obstacles you may be faced with.
Together, we will develop a unique plan to find balance in life, develop inner strength and learn techniques necessary to work through struggles of adjustment/life change, anxiety, depression and addiction.
We live in a high stress, fast paced society which could make it difficult to care for ourselves holistically (mind, body and spirit). This could lead to feeling unbalanced. I can help you identify and reach goals you will need on your path toward wellness. Therapy can help you relieve emotional stress and symptoms, realize your fullest potential and empower you to make positive, lasting changes in your life. In therapy, you will learn about yourself through looking within, develop skills and increase mindfulness as you become better able to confront life stress and obstacles you may be faced with.
(929) 265-5195 View (929) 265-5195
Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.