Photo of Katie LaLiberte, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Katie LaLiberte
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55439
Taking the first step toward healing takes immense courage and strength and I would be honored to take this step with you! I specialize in working with both adults and adolescents facing challenges including but not limited to depression, anxiety, substance use, and trauma. I am passionate about meeting you where you are at and helping you live a life where you feel fulfilled and happy.
Taking the first step toward healing takes immense courage and strength and I would be honored to take this step with you! I specialize in working with both adults and adolescents facing challenges including but not limited to depression, anxiety, substance use, and trauma. I am passionate about meeting you where you are at and helping you live a life where you feel fulfilled and happy.
(952) 592-4379 View (952) 592-4379
Photo of Leah Bonine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Leah Bonine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55415
My areas of professional interest include: anxiety, depression, trauma, chronic illness, chronic pain, sexuality, gender expression, gender identity, chemical dependency/substance use.
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I work from a trauma-informed, harm reduction, sex positive, attachment-based lens. I specialize in working with adults from diverse backgrounds, particularly the LGBTQ+ community. I see clients for individual therapy. I especially enjoy working with creative people and have a deep understanding of the creative process. I am trained in EMDR, AEDP and DBT.
My areas of professional interest include: anxiety, depression, trauma, chronic illness, chronic pain, sexuality, gender expression, gender identity, chemical dependency/substance use.
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I work from a trauma-informed, harm reduction, sex positive, attachment-based lens. I specialize in working with adults from diverse backgrounds, particularly the LGBTQ+ community. I see clients for individual therapy. I especially enjoy working with creative people and have a deep understanding of the creative process. I am trained in EMDR, AEDP and DBT.
(612) 800-0486 View (612) 800-0486
Photo of T Aaron Ridge, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
T Aaron Ridge
Psychologist, MS, LP, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55414
I have been a psychologist for 30 yrs working with individuals, couples, and families. I work with each client to identify what is causing their current problems and how we can restore optimal growth and health. I use many of the most effective psychotherapy methods for relieving anxiety, depression, and trauma-a comprehensive Mind-Body approach.
I have been a psychologist for 30 yrs working with individuals, couples, and families. I work with each client to identify what is causing their current problems and how we can restore optimal growth and health. I use many of the most effective psychotherapy methods for relieving anxiety, depression, and trauma-a comprehensive Mind-Body approach.
(763) 334-5856 View (763) 334-5856
Photo of Muno Ashiro, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Muno Ashiro
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55415
I am passionate about working with children, adolescents, and adults who are facing social, emotional and behavioral challenges. My specialty is in helping my clients to overcome issues with anxiety, depression, self-esteem and ADHD.
I am passionate about working with children, adolescents, and adults who are facing social, emotional and behavioral challenges. My specialty is in helping my clients to overcome issues with anxiety, depression, self-esteem and ADHD.
(612) 778-3169 View (612) 778-3169
Photo of Cara Snyder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Cara Snyder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LIMHP, CMSW, LISW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403  (Online Only)
Change. Anxiety. Feeling stuck. Confusion. Loss. Chronic illness. Depression. Sleep. Relationships. Stress. Life feels like a struggle. Together we will develop a plan that uses evidence-based methods to help you identify and achieve your goals. I value your unique story and am dedicated to helping you stay motivated as you take steps toward improved mental wellness.
Change. Anxiety. Feeling stuck. Confusion. Loss. Chronic illness. Depression. Sleep. Relationships. Stress. Life feels like a struggle. Together we will develop a plan that uses evidence-based methods to help you identify and achieve your goals. I value your unique story and am dedicated to helping you stay motivated as you take steps toward improved mental wellness.
(531) 233-5007 View (531) 233-5007
Photo of Life Skills Management Services LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Life Skills Management Services LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55404
We are licensed in Oregon, Maine, Minnesota, Florida, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina and Colorado. We currently offer telehealth and virtual therapeutic services. We work with individuals with a wide range of concerns including depression, mood disorders, family relations issues, substance use disorders, and co-occurring disorders. We combine different therapeutic approaches based on client's presenting concerns, goals, and motivation, such as, cognitive-behavioral, brief therapy, mindfulness, client-centered, solution-focused therapy.
We are licensed in Oregon, Maine, Minnesota, Florida, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina and Colorado. We currently offer telehealth and virtual therapeutic services. We work with individuals with a wide range of concerns including depression, mood disorders, family relations issues, substance use disorders, and co-occurring disorders. We combine different therapeutic approaches based on client's presenting concerns, goals, and motivation, such as, cognitive-behavioral, brief therapy, mindfulness, client-centered, solution-focused therapy.
(651) 237-8309 View (651) 237-8309
Photo of Aria Counseling, Assessment & Mediation Centers, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Aria Counseling, Assessment & Mediation Centers
Psychologist, MS, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
We work with chronic stress, anxiety and depression arising from ongoing difficult life issues and more.
Welcome to Aria Counseling, Assessment & Mediation Centers! We have a number of therapists on staff who are experienced, licensed and able to help. With locations in Fridley and Minneapolis, we are able to accommodate your need to begin working on your area(s) of concern quickly. Our therapists utilize a variety of clinical approaches to best suit your needs and your personality. We provide a warm, safe, comfortable and professional space for individuals, couples and families to work through their issues. We help people with relationships, stress/anxiety, depression, other mood issues, work/professional issues.
We work with chronic stress, anxiety and depression arising from ongoing difficult life issues and more.
Welcome to Aria Counseling, Assessment & Mediation Centers! We have a number of therapists on staff who are experienced, licensed and able to help. With locations in Fridley and Minneapolis, we are able to accommodate your need to begin working on your area(s) of concern quickly. Our therapists utilize a variety of clinical approaches to best suit your needs and your personality. We provide a warm, safe, comfortable and professional space for individuals, couples and families to work through their issues. We help people with relationships, stress/anxiety, depression, other mood issues, work/professional issues.
(763) 600-7172 View (763) 600-7172
Photo of Janet T Thomas, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Janet T Thomas
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55404
Clients I see often want help with relationship conflicts, family or work problems, anxiety, or depression.
I have been in private practice since 1991 and have previously worked in medical, rehabilitation, college counseling, and community mental health settings. I know that asking for help is not easy. Trusting someone you don't know with very personal information requires a leap of faith. Understandably, you may want to know what to expect, should you decide to work with me. Initially, I will work to identify the particular issues that you want to address and then collaborate with you to develop goals and strategies. Throughout the process, I will listen carefully, drawing out particular material for discussion and presenting new information to help you see yourself and your choices with a new perspective. I will suggest possible courses of action, recognizing that only you can decide whether to follow any suggestions that come from the counseling process.
Clients I see often want help with relationship conflicts, family or work problems, anxiety, or depression.
I have been in private practice since 1991 and have previously worked in medical, rehabilitation, college counseling, and community mental health settings. I know that asking for help is not easy. Trusting someone you don't know with very personal information requires a leap of faith. Understandably, you may want to know what to expect, should you decide to work with me. Initially, I will work to identify the particular issues that you want to address and then collaborate with you to develop goals and strategies. Throughout the process, I will listen carefully, drawing out particular material for discussion and presenting new information to help you see yourself and your choices with a new perspective. I will suggest possible courses of action, recognizing that only you can decide whether to follow any suggestions that come from the counseling process.
(651) 291-2737 View (651) 291-2737
Photo of Justin Coulter, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Justin Coulter
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55401
The journey to emotional health begins with discovering and nurturing the authentic self. When we make choices that are inconsistent with who we are, our ability to participate in life, to love and work is compromised. This can often lead to avoiding the things that truly matter to us causing us to feel depressed or anxious. When this happens, we tend to avoid more. And the cycle continues. In my work, I help clients (ages 16+) re-engage with life focusing on their values and what matters most to them.
The journey to emotional health begins with discovering and nurturing the authentic self. When we make choices that are inconsistent with who we are, our ability to participate in life, to love and work is compromised. This can often lead to avoiding the things that truly matter to us causing us to feel depressed or anxious. When this happens, we tend to avoid more. And the cycle continues. In my work, I help clients (ages 16+) re-engage with life focusing on their values and what matters most to them.
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Photo of Steven Roger Wiese, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Steven Roger Wiese
Psychologist, MS, MDiv, License, Psychol
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55414
Waitlist for new clients
I work with clients teen through adult, who are looking for a supportive, encouraging therapeutic environment with a Christian world view. I work best with people who need help with depression, anxiety, OCD, and related concerns using mainly a cognitive behavioral approach. I also enjoy marriage and pre-marriage, working primarily with John Gottman's approach. I have been licensed since 1984. I have completed the Basic Training in Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART). I have also received specialized training in treating OCD from the organization NOCD. This focuses on Exposure and Response Prevention.
I work with clients teen through adult, who are looking for a supportive, encouraging therapeutic environment with a Christian world view. I work best with people who need help with depression, anxiety, OCD, and related concerns using mainly a cognitive behavioral approach. I also enjoy marriage and pre-marriage, working primarily with John Gottman's approach. I have been licensed since 1984. I have completed the Basic Training in Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART). I have also received specialized training in treating OCD from the organization NOCD. This focuses on Exposure and Response Prevention.
(651) 504-0153 View (651) 504-0153
Photo of John K Nash, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
John K Nash
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55435
My specialty is helping people with "ADHD," anxiety, depression and/or medical conditions exacerbated by stress learn to regulate their brain/body better.
I use Cognitive Behavior Therapy, biofeedback and neurofeedback to help people , including reducing or eliminating the need for medications. I work with Liz Nash, MA, LMFT, AT-RBC and Brenda Hightshoe, MA, LPCC. We treat anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism, traumatic brain injury and learning disabilities. CBT helps you create adaptive thinking. We use quantitative EEG "brain mapping" with the Neuroguide normative database to help see why people have the problems they're having. Quantitative EEG "targets" training with neurofeedback, which helps clients learn to pay attention without drugs, relax, and feel more like themselves.
My specialty is helping people with "ADHD," anxiety, depression and/or medical conditions exacerbated by stress learn to regulate their brain/body better.
I use Cognitive Behavior Therapy, biofeedback and neurofeedback to help people , including reducing or eliminating the need for medications. I work with Liz Nash, MA, LMFT, AT-RBC and Brenda Hightshoe, MA, LPCC. We treat anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism, traumatic brain injury and learning disabilities. CBT helps you create adaptive thinking. We use quantitative EEG "brain mapping" with the Neuroguide normative database to help see why people have the problems they're having. Quantitative EEG "targets" training with neurofeedback, which helps clients learn to pay attention without drugs, relax, and feel more like themselves.
(952) 314-5627 View (952) 314-5627
Photo of Randi Beth Deal, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Randi Beth Deal
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LADC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55426
I have experience working with individuals and couples My specialty areas are Couples Counseling, (including, but not limited to Marital counseling and Pre-Marital counseling) Depression and Anxiety, Lyme Disease and other chronic conditions, Substance Abuse and Chemical Dependency assessments, issues related to forgiveness, transitions and self empowerment.
Are you feeling stuck in patterns that hurt? Do you have a vague memory of when things were easier and life was more satisfying? Life, with it's expected and unexpected transitions can be challenging for all of us, even agonizing at times. We all need help from others on occasion...I am a strength based therapist who believes that by design you have everything you need to navigate through these times and I want to help you in recapturing something more promising. I'm ready when you are.
I have experience working with individuals and couples My specialty areas are Couples Counseling, (including, but not limited to Marital counseling and Pre-Marital counseling) Depression and Anxiety, Lyme Disease and other chronic conditions, Substance Abuse and Chemical Dependency assessments, issues related to forgiveness, transitions and self empowerment.
Are you feeling stuck in patterns that hurt? Do you have a vague memory of when things were easier and life was more satisfying? Life, with it's expected and unexpected transitions can be challenging for all of us, even agonizing at times. We all need help from others on occasion...I am a strength based therapist who believes that by design you have everything you need to navigate through these times and I want to help you in recapturing something more promising. I'm ready when you are.
(612) 986-2927 View (612) 986-2927
Photo of Tonya Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Tonya Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCASA, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55424  (Online Only)
Having struggles with depression, anxiety, fear, past traumas, or addictive behaviors? I invite you to experience a new way of healing old wounds, finding new sources of energy to improve your relationships, and embark on the journey of self-discovery. I can share with you refined ways of managing symptoms of depression, anxiety, low self -image, dealing with past traumas, addressing addictions, and relationship issues, utilizing depth work, motivational therapies, and cognitive behavioral therapies.
Having struggles with depression, anxiety, fear, past traumas, or addictive behaviors? I invite you to experience a new way of healing old wounds, finding new sources of energy to improve your relationships, and embark on the journey of self-discovery. I can share with you refined ways of managing symptoms of depression, anxiety, low self -image, dealing with past traumas, addressing addictions, and relationship issues, utilizing depth work, motivational therapies, and cognitive behavioral therapies.
(336) 383-1433 View (336) 383-1433
Photo of Sondra Decker Fruzzetti, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Sondra Decker Fruzzetti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55406  (Online Only)
I have practiced psychotherapy for 20+ years. I strongly believe it is possible to feel energetic, satisfied with our achievements, secure in relationships, and positive about the future. At times we can feel overwhelmed and discouraged, grieving losses. If you deal with anxiety, depression, stress - you may feel vulnerable instead of resilient, focused on past trauma experiences/regrets, on fears for the future. I provide guidance as you explore and change habits of thought and behaviors to improve relationships, to access natural resilience, to achieve a greater sense of personal security and self-confidence.
I have practiced psychotherapy for 20+ years. I strongly believe it is possible to feel energetic, satisfied with our achievements, secure in relationships, and positive about the future. At times we can feel overwhelmed and discouraged, grieving losses. If you deal with anxiety, depression, stress - you may feel vulnerable instead of resilient, focused on past trauma experiences/regrets, on fears for the future. I provide guidance as you explore and change habits of thought and behaviors to improve relationships, to access natural resilience, to achieve a greater sense of personal security and self-confidence.
(651) 829-2122 View (651) 829-2122
Photo of Caryl E Boehnert, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Caryl E Boehnert
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55415  (Online Only)
I believe that therapy can greatly help with coping skills, with dealing with long- standing problems; and with stress and pain management. During COVID, many people have been focused on day to day issues relating to depression, anxiety, and PTSD; and are trying to cope with these in the best possible way. All types of mood disorders, anxiety, chronic pain and illness, and transitions feel more pressing. Some months I have not been able to accept new patients due to high demand for services and a full waiting list; other months I am able to accept 1-2 new patients.
I believe that therapy can greatly help with coping skills, with dealing with long- standing problems; and with stress and pain management. During COVID, many people have been focused on day to day issues relating to depression, anxiety, and PTSD; and are trying to cope with these in the best possible way. All types of mood disorders, anxiety, chronic pain and illness, and transitions feel more pressing. Some months I have not been able to accept new patients due to high demand for services and a full waiting list; other months I am able to accept 1-2 new patients.
(763) 325-8229 View (763) 325-8229
Photo of Branden Phillips, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Branden Phillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55422  (Online Only)
I've worked with people of all ages across the lifespan. Throughout my career I have worked with people of all ages managing experiences of depression, anxiety, addiction, technology, trauma, and abuse. I am "geek" and LBGTQ+ friendly and have experience with people from diverse cultural, economic, and ethnic backgrounds. I also have extensive experience working with people and families managing chronic illness, hospice and palliative care, and end of life decisions. With affirmation, practical education, and clinical guidance, I help individuals gain personal insights, nurture relationships, and manage difficulties in their lives.
I've worked with people of all ages across the lifespan. Throughout my career I have worked with people of all ages managing experiences of depression, anxiety, addiction, technology, trauma, and abuse. I am "geek" and LBGTQ+ friendly and have experience with people from diverse cultural, economic, and ethnic backgrounds. I also have extensive experience working with people and families managing chronic illness, hospice and palliative care, and end of life decisions. With affirmation, practical education, and clinical guidance, I help individuals gain personal insights, nurture relationships, and manage difficulties in their lives.
(612) 440-1899 View (612) 440-1899
Photo of Life Skills Management Services, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Life Skills Management Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55401  (Online Only)
We are licensed in Oregon, Maine, Minnesota, Florida, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Colorado. We currently offer telehealth and virtual therapeutic services. We work with individuals with a wide range of concerns including depression, mood disorders, family relations issues, substance use disorders, and co-occurring disorders. We combine different therapeutic approaches based on client's presenting concerns, goals, and motivation, such as, cognitive-behavioral, brief therapy, mindfulness, client-centered, solution-focused therapy.
We are licensed in Oregon, Maine, Minnesota, Florida, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Colorado. We currently offer telehealth and virtual therapeutic services. We work with individuals with a wide range of concerns including depression, mood disorders, family relations issues, substance use disorders, and co-occurring disorders. We combine different therapeutic approaches based on client's presenting concerns, goals, and motivation, such as, cognitive-behavioral, brief therapy, mindfulness, client-centered, solution-focused therapy.
(786) 244-3969 View (786) 244-3969
Photo of Life Skills Management Services, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Life Skills Management Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55428
We are licensed in Oregon, Maine, Minnesota, Florida, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Colorado. We currently offer telehealth and virtual therapeutic services. We work with individuals with a wide range of concerns including depression, mood disorders, family relations issues, substance use disorders, and co-occurring disorders. We combine different therapeutic approaches based on client's presenting concerns, goals, and motivation, such as, cognitive-behavioral, brief therapy, mindfulness, client-centered, solution-focused therapy.
We are licensed in Oregon, Maine, Minnesota, Florida, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Colorado. We currently offer telehealth and virtual therapeutic services. We work with individuals with a wide range of concerns including depression, mood disorders, family relations issues, substance use disorders, and co-occurring disorders. We combine different therapeutic approaches based on client's presenting concerns, goals, and motivation, such as, cognitive-behavioral, brief therapy, mindfulness, client-centered, solution-focused therapy.
(201) 340-5059 View (201) 340-5059
Photo of Cindy Hodgson, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Cindy Hodgson
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55400
There are times when we all need someone to listen, understand, and help us see things in a new way. Anxiety, depression, obsessive thoughts, anger issues, troubled relationships, life transitions, and so much more can make life feel overwhelming. Whether you're looking for some strategies you can apply right away, or a non-judgmental space to talk about what you've experienced, I would love to walk with you on your path to freedom.
There are times when we all need someone to listen, understand, and help us see things in a new way. Anxiety, depression, obsessive thoughts, anger issues, troubled relationships, life transitions, and so much more can make life feel overwhelming. Whether you're looking for some strategies you can apply right away, or a non-judgmental space to talk about what you've experienced, I would love to walk with you on your path to freedom.
(651) 376-2941 View (651) 376-2941
Photo of Crystal Factor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Crystal Factor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55400  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and/or past trauma? Are you stressed out? What about struggling with balancing life and responsibilities? If so, therapy can be beneficial in helping you process past events and learn positive coping skills.
Are you struggling with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and/or past trauma? Are you stressed out? What about struggling with balancing life and responsibilities? If so, therapy can be beneficial in helping you process past events and learn positive coping skills.
(405) 591-4660 View (405) 591-4660

Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.