Photo of Jennifer J. Oh, Psychologist in Baltimore, MD
Jennifer J. Oh
Psychologist, PsyD, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Baltimore, MD 21211  (Online Only)
Living with anxiety/OCD/ADHD, feeling as if living "between two worlds" by virtue of all of your intersecting identities, and feeling confused about why your past haunts you (and why your most important relationships are suffering) can culminate in helplessness and despair. By creating a non-judgmental, open, and relational space for both reflection and exploration, I can meet you as you are and help you forge and narrate a path that fits. I help you better understand why you experience yourself and the world as you do and identify how you can be more present and move forward with tools, skills, and greater agency in your life.
Living with anxiety/OCD/ADHD, feeling as if living "between two worlds" by virtue of all of your intersecting identities, and feeling confused about why your past haunts you (and why your most important relationships are suffering) can culminate in helplessness and despair. By creating a non-judgmental, open, and relational space for both reflection and exploration, I can meet you as you are and help you forge and narrate a path that fits. I help you better understand why you experience yourself and the world as you do and identify how you can be more present and move forward with tools, skills, and greater agency in your life.
(240) 868-6413 View (240) 868-6413
Photo of Annika Limson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Baltimore, MD
Annika Limson
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Baltimore, MD 21218
Waitlist for new clients
We all experience hardship in life, something that leaves us wondering "do I have a problem?". I believe that a problem is something that you define and something that we can work out together through therapy. This is your space to heal, find coping strategies that work, and feel empowered. I will be here to listen, find solutions, and to help think outside the box. I would love the opportunity to contribute this positivity in your life and believe that this is a good place to start when you want to create more space for yourself.
We all experience hardship in life, something that leaves us wondering "do I have a problem?". I believe that a problem is something that you define and something that we can work out together through therapy. This is your space to heal, find coping strategies that work, and feel empowered. I will be here to listen, find solutions, and to help think outside the box. I would love the opportunity to contribute this positivity in your life and believe that this is a good place to start when you want to create more space for yourself.
(443) 785-2976 View (443) 785-2976

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Mending Hearts Academy, LLC, Counselor in Baltimore, MD
Mending Hearts Academy, LLC
Counselor, PhD, LCPC, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ellicott City, MD 21041
Waitlist for new clients
Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, sexuality issues, and relationship issues? Have you ever been hurt your loved ones in any way that violates your right as a person, including infidelity, addiction, and all forms of violence? Have you ever hurt your loved ones in the same ways? I love to walk with your journey to redefine who you are as a wholesome person. I can help you become resilient and embrace yourself and your life in holistic ways. You will experience cutting-edge and holistic counseling approaches to find your answers to your finding your way to becoming a wholesome person again. Let's do this together!
Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, sexuality issues, and relationship issues? Have you ever been hurt your loved ones in any way that violates your right as a person, including infidelity, addiction, and all forms of violence? Have you ever hurt your loved ones in the same ways? I love to walk with your journey to redefine who you are as a wholesome person. I can help you become resilient and embrace yourself and your life in holistic ways. You will experience cutting-edge and holistic counseling approaches to find your answers to your finding your way to becoming a wholesome person again. Let's do this together!
(410) 705-7375 View (410) 705-7375
Photo of Nathan Shin, Counselor in Baltimore, MD
Nathan Shin
Counselor, BA
Verified Verified
Towson, MD 21252
Do you feel hopeless and helpless? Are you feeling overwhelmed with depressive and anxious thoughts? Do you find it difficult to communicate with your loved ones? Do you feel judged and misunderstood? If your answer is “yes” to any of these questions, it might be beneficial for you to reach out for help and talk about your thoughts and feelings. I would be more than happy to be the person to be present with you and provide you nonjudgmental ears to process your feelings.
Do you feel hopeless and helpless? Are you feeling overwhelmed with depressive and anxious thoughts? Do you find it difficult to communicate with your loved ones? Do you feel judged and misunderstood? If your answer is “yes” to any of these questions, it might be beneficial for you to reach out for help and talk about your thoughts and feelings. I would be more than happy to be the person to be present with you and provide you nonjudgmental ears to process your feelings.
(443) 233-0283 View (443) 233-0283
Photo of Hyeshin Park, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Baltimore, MD
Hyeshin Park
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSSA, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Timonium, MD 21093
Experiencing a disconnect between where you want to be and where you are in your behaviors, work or relationships can be anxiety provoking. You want to understand how your past experiences, tendencies, family and cultural values impact who you are and what decisions you make. You want to identify healthier coping strategies, and make positive changes. Yet, sometimes, it is difficult to do this on our own.
Experiencing a disconnect between where you want to be and where you are in your behaviors, work or relationships can be anxiety provoking. You want to understand how your past experiences, tendencies, family and cultural values impact who you are and what decisions you make. You want to identify healthier coping strategies, and make positive changes. Yet, sometimes, it is difficult to do this on our own.
(410) 220-0556 View (410) 220-0556
Photo of Wonjin Sim, Psychologist in Baltimore, MD
Wonjin Sim
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21204
Waitlist for new clients
I am a licensed psychologist with extensive experience in psychotherapy, training, supervision, and research in multicultural counseling. My passion lies in making therapy more accessible, particularly for individuals from cultures where seeking psychotherapy is stigmatized. I specialize in offering culturally responsive and strength-based therapy services for individuals navigating identity issues, relationship challenges, and life transitions. I use an eclectic approach, integrating interpersonal, multicultural, psychodynamic, and CBT approaches.
I am a licensed psychologist with extensive experience in psychotherapy, training, supervision, and research in multicultural counseling. My passion lies in making therapy more accessible, particularly for individuals from cultures where seeking psychotherapy is stigmatized. I specialize in offering culturally responsive and strength-based therapy services for individuals navigating identity issues, relationship challenges, and life transitions. I use an eclectic approach, integrating interpersonal, multicultural, psychodynamic, and CBT approaches.
(443) 960-8196 View (443) 960-8196

Online Therapists

Photo of Takhyun Cho, Licensed Professional Counselor in Baltimore, MD
Takhyun Cho
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LCPC, ACS, NCC
Verified Verified
Ellicott City, MD 21042
Hello, and thank you for considering me as your therapist. My areas of expertise include working with individuals of all ages struggling with behavioral and emotional issues, including anger management, anxiety, depression, and relationship problems. Additionally, I have experience working with clients struggling with spiritual issues and those with family members with emotional struggles. I am also qualified to provide clinical supervision (VA & MD) to intern counselors, helping them develop their skills and knowledge to become effective therapists. I am also pleased to offer therapy sessions in Korean as well.
Hello, and thank you for considering me as your therapist. My areas of expertise include working with individuals of all ages struggling with behavioral and emotional issues, including anger management, anxiety, depression, and relationship problems. Additionally, I have experience working with clients struggling with spiritual issues and those with family members with emotional struggles. I am also qualified to provide clinical supervision (VA & MD) to intern counselors, helping them develop their skills and knowledge to become effective therapists. I am also pleased to offer therapy sessions in Korean as well.
(703) 420-7481 View (703) 420-7481
Photo of Cynthia Cho, Marriage & Family Therapist in Baltimore, MD
Cynthia Cho
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Ellicott City, MD 21042
My primary focuses are anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, communication issues, depression, family therapy, grief and loss, parenting concerns, and trauma.
It can be a difficult decision to talk to someone about your problems. I can help people understand their relationships with others and cope with challenges in their lives. I believe that we have solutions to help ourselves and we need to find ways to discover them.
My primary focuses are anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, communication issues, depression, family therapy, grief and loss, parenting concerns, and trauma.
It can be a difficult decision to talk to someone about your problems. I can help people understand their relationships with others and cope with challenges in their lives. I believe that we have solutions to help ourselves and we need to find ways to discover them.
(443) 214-3577 View (443) 214-3577
Photo of Andrea Kim, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Baltimore, MD
Andrea Kim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Waitlist for new clients
My specialties include child and adolescent social-emotional development, mood disorders (anxiety and depression), family dynamics, and substance use disorders(SUD).
No matter how hard we try, sometimes we feel stuck dwelling on thoughts and feelings that we know hinder us from being able to move forward in our lives. I believe that therapy is a space for those that feel stuck to not only develop health coping skills, but also assess the impact that their life experiences might've had on their worldview and behaviors. I want to hold space for you to explore, unlearn and grow at a pace that is right for you.
My specialties include child and adolescent social-emotional development, mood disorders (anxiety and depression), family dynamics, and substance use disorders(SUD).
No matter how hard we try, sometimes we feel stuck dwelling on thoughts and feelings that we know hinder us from being able to move forward in our lives. I believe that therapy is a space for those that feel stuck to not only develop health coping skills, but also assess the impact that their life experiences might've had on their worldview and behaviors. I want to hold space for you to explore, unlearn and grow at a pace that is right for you.
(240) 724-8754 View (240) 724-8754
Photo of Jo An Lee, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Baltimore, MD
Jo An Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
Burtonsville, MD 20866
Whether you are seeking relief from anxiety, wrestling with the weight of depression, or simply desiring a safe and inclusive space to explore your emotions, I am here to help you navigate a more fulfilling and balanced life. Using an integrative approach including CBT, Art Therapy, mindfulness, and Narrative Therapy, I like to adapt and integrate different techniques depending on the individual's unique goals and needs.
Whether you are seeking relief from anxiety, wrestling with the weight of depression, or simply desiring a safe and inclusive space to explore your emotions, I am here to help you navigate a more fulfilling and balanced life. Using an integrative approach including CBT, Art Therapy, mindfulness, and Narrative Therapy, I like to adapt and integrate different techniques depending on the individual's unique goals and needs.
(301) 892-4245 View (301) 892-4245
Photo of Julie Yook, Art Therapist in Baltimore, MD
Julie Yook
Art Therapist, MA, LCPAT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20855  (Online Only)
As an EMDR practitioner approved by EMDRIA, I provide EMDR therapy to facilitate our brain's natural healing process for mental issues such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, etc.
우리는 과거를 돌이킬 수는 없지만 고통스러운 기억에서 자유로울 수는 있습니다. 우리의 뇌는 스스로 치유하는 능력을 가지고 있습니다. We as human beings, may encounter overwhelming challenges that can leave us feeling powerless or hopeless. The current emotional disturbance and negative thoughts often come from old self-beliefs, deeply rooted emotions from unresolved past experiences that are adverse or even traumatic. we all have inherent ability to build resilience and embrace challenges into growth and healing. I help my clients to reconnect with their resilience, improve insight into their issues, to ultimately find their own path to happiness, hope and a sense of wholeness.
As an EMDR practitioner approved by EMDRIA, I provide EMDR therapy to facilitate our brain's natural healing process for mental issues such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, etc.
우리는 과거를 돌이킬 수는 없지만 고통스러운 기억에서 자유로울 수는 있습니다. 우리의 뇌는 스스로 치유하는 능력을 가지고 있습니다. We as human beings, may encounter overwhelming challenges that can leave us feeling powerless or hopeless. The current emotional disturbance and negative thoughts often come from old self-beliefs, deeply rooted emotions from unresolved past experiences that are adverse or even traumatic. we all have inherent ability to build resilience and embrace challenges into growth and healing. I help my clients to reconnect with their resilience, improve insight into their issues, to ultimately find their own path to happiness, hope and a sense of wholeness.
(240) 896-1547 View (240) 896-1547
Photo of Willow Oak Therapy Center in Baltimore, MD
Willow Oak Therapy Center
LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20855
Are you looking for access to a variety of therapists with only one phone call or email? Willow Oak Therapy has over 20 therapists who offer a wide variety of therapeutic approaches and specialties. Treatment approaches available include: EMDR therapy for trauma; executive coaching for those who are neurodiverse; couples and family counseling; art therapy; help with depression and anxiety; and many more! Please go to the therapist page on our website to find out more about our individual practitioners and find the one who is right for you: willowoaktherapy.com/our-therapists/ We look forward to working with you!
Are you looking for access to a variety of therapists with only one phone call or email? Willow Oak Therapy has over 20 therapists who offer a wide variety of therapeutic approaches and specialties. Treatment approaches available include: EMDR therapy for trauma; executive coaching for those who are neurodiverse; couples and family counseling; art therapy; help with depression and anxiety; and many more! Please go to the therapist page on our website to find out more about our individual practitioners and find the one who is right for you: willowoaktherapy.com/our-therapists/ We look forward to working with you!
(240) 594-9610 View (240) 594-9610
Photo of Classen-Miller and Associates, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Baltimore, MD
Classen-Miller and Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, MSW
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20852
Specialties of our therapists include depression, anxiety, addiction, substance abuse, bipolar, borderline personality, dual diagnosis, self-harm, OCD, psychosis, eating disorders, adoption, learning disability, ADHD, autism, insomnia, divorce, women's issues, infertility, cross-cultural, marital, couples, relationships, family conflict, trauma, PTSD, grief.
TELETHERAPY AND IN-OFFICE APPOINTMENTS with experienced psychotherapists who are licensed at the highest level of their profession. We accept mayor insurance plans and work with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families, Our clinicians reflect the full diversity of our community. We provide a safe and nonjudgmental environment that enables our clients to work towards solutions, develop coping skills and have a better understanding of the issues that interfere with self-esteem and a sense of well being.
Specialties of our therapists include depression, anxiety, addiction, substance abuse, bipolar, borderline personality, dual diagnosis, self-harm, OCD, psychosis, eating disorders, adoption, learning disability, ADHD, autism, insomnia, divorce, women's issues, infertility, cross-cultural, marital, couples, relationships, family conflict, trauma, PTSD, grief.
TELETHERAPY AND IN-OFFICE APPOINTMENTS with experienced psychotherapists who are licensed at the highest level of their profession. We accept mayor insurance plans and work with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families, Our clinicians reflect the full diversity of our community. We provide a safe and nonjudgmental environment that enables our clients to work towards solutions, develop coping skills and have a better understanding of the issues that interfere with self-esteem and a sense of well being.
(301) 918-5312 View (301) 918-5312
Photo of Hannah Kim, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Baltimore, MD
Hannah Kim
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockville, MD 20850  (Online Only)
My areas of practice includes depression, anxiety, and trauma, especially with focus on generational and complex trauma; couples/family relationship issues; peer relationship issues; self-esteem and confidence issues; and self-harming behaviors.
Hannah Kim, MS, LCPC, NCC at Inspirations Counseling provides individual therapy services to adolescents and adults by offering a safe and encouraging space that supports clients through establishing self-empowerment to overcome their challenges in life. I work with individuals who are ready to invest in their mental health and I make it my goal as a therapist to help each individual make healthy behavioral and cognitive changes that increase the quality of life.
My areas of practice includes depression, anxiety, and trauma, especially with focus on generational and complex trauma; couples/family relationship issues; peer relationship issues; self-esteem and confidence issues; and self-harming behaviors.
Hannah Kim, MS, LCPC, NCC at Inspirations Counseling provides individual therapy services to adolescents and adults by offering a safe and encouraging space that supports clients through establishing self-empowerment to overcome their challenges in life. I work with individuals who are ready to invest in their mental health and I make it my goal as a therapist to help each individual make healthy behavioral and cognitive changes that increase the quality of life.
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Photo of Ellie Mental Health - Rockville, Counselor in Baltimore, MD
Ellie Mental Health - Rockville
Counselor, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20852
Ellie Mental Health in Rockville isn't your average therapy clinic. We’ve created a comfy, judgment-free zone where you can be authentic, get real about where you’re at in your mental health, and receive the compassionate care you deserve. We strive to break down treatment barriers and provide you with customized counseling services that meet your therapy needs. We serve all populations and want to provide an inclusive environment for all.
Ellie Mental Health in Rockville isn't your average therapy clinic. We’ve created a comfy, judgment-free zone where you can be authentic, get real about where you’re at in your mental health, and receive the compassionate care you deserve. We strive to break down treatment barriers and provide you with customized counseling services that meet your therapy needs. We serve all populations and want to provide an inclusive environment for all.
(301) 945-8205 View (301) 945-8205
Photo of Anne Kim, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Baltimore, MD
Anne Kim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Silver Spring, MD 20904  (Online Only)
I have experience working with clients ages from 5 to 105. I have worked at elementary school working with children, middle school & high school working with teens, university students working with young adults, community mental health centers working with adults, and a hospice setting working with mostly elders, providing individual, couples, family, group-therapy including bereavement counseling. I have enjoyed working with clients at every human development stages and learn to respect every one of my clients in the process of supporting them.
I have experience working with clients ages from 5 to 105. I have worked at elementary school working with children, middle school & high school working with teens, university students working with young adults, community mental health centers working with adults, and a hospice setting working with mostly elders, providing individual, couples, family, group-therapy including bereavement counseling. I have enjoyed working with clients at every human development stages and learn to respect every one of my clients in the process of supporting them.
(301) 284-3491 View (301) 284-3491
Photo of Pak and Play Therapy Center LLC, LCPC, LPCC, RPT, Counselor in Baltimore, MD
Pak and Play Therapy Center LLC, LCPC, LPCC, RPT
Counselor, LCPC, RPT, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Marriottsville, MD 21104  (Online Only)
My ideal client is helping a child who struggles with regulating their thoughts and emotions and has a hard time understanding how that can affect their nervous system and interpersonal behaviors. My ideal clients are also parents who want to be actively engaged in treatment, open to change, and work collaboratively with me to improve the mental health of their kids and rebuild the trust between parent and child.
My ideal client is helping a child who struggles with regulating their thoughts and emotions and has a hard time understanding how that can affect their nervous system and interpersonal behaviors. My ideal clients are also parents who want to be actively engaged in treatment, open to change, and work collaboratively with me to improve the mental health of their kids and rebuild the trust between parent and child.
(410) 705-5221 View (410) 705-5221
Photo of Evan Jang, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Baltimore, MD
Evan Jang
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, MD 21044  (Online Only)
Maybe you've considered therapy before, but life got in the way – and now you feel like you're at a breaking point with unexpected changes, struggles in your relationships, and negative thoughts that invade your mind. First, take a moment to applaud yourself simply for taking the time to read this. You desire and hope for a better, more balanced future, recognizing the strength it takes to seek support along the way.
Maybe you've considered therapy before, but life got in the way – and now you feel like you're at a breaking point with unexpected changes, struggles in your relationships, and negative thoughts that invade your mind. First, take a moment to applaud yourself simply for taking the time to read this. You desire and hope for a better, more balanced future, recognizing the strength it takes to seek support along the way.
(410) 846-6968 View (410) 846-6968
Photo of Hwejean Jeong, Counselor in Baltimore, MD
Hwejean Jeong
Counselor, MA, LGPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burtonsville, MD 20866
There’s a certain pressure nowadays where it seems like we must have every aspect of our lives in order all the time. Often, it seems like we’re not allowed to slow down and pause to take a breath or look around. I would love to offer a space of rest and reflection that leads to inner healing and growth. I have an eclectic therapeutic approach which means I do not believe there is a “one size fits all” method. I like to take things at my clients’ pace and adjust my style accordingly. I am able to hold a safe space for people of all ages and demographics, where voices are heard, and an effort is made to lessen the burden they carry.
There’s a certain pressure nowadays where it seems like we must have every aspect of our lives in order all the time. Often, it seems like we’re not allowed to slow down and pause to take a breath or look around. I would love to offer a space of rest and reflection that leads to inner healing and growth. I have an eclectic therapeutic approach which means I do not believe there is a “one size fits all” method. I like to take things at my clients’ pace and adjust my style accordingly. I am able to hold a safe space for people of all ages and demographics, where voices are heard, and an effort is made to lessen the burden they carry.
(301) 321-7382 View (301) 321-7382
Photo of Soonhee Lee, Psychologist in Baltimore, MD
Soonhee Lee
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MD 21044  (Online Only)
Life comes with various challenges. I believe that we cope with them as best as we can and that genuine and authentic relationship facilitates the healing process. As your psychologist, I will honor your unique contexts (e.g., intersecting identities, family background, interpersonal dynamics), support your strength to improve the quality of life, and help find inner peace and positive transformation. I welcome short-term and long-term therapy that focuses on building psychological and relational resilience. I am an Asian woman psychologist with global perspectives and provide clinical services both in English and Korean.
Life comes with various challenges. I believe that we cope with them as best as we can and that genuine and authentic relationship facilitates the healing process. As your psychologist, I will honor your unique contexts (e.g., intersecting identities, family background, interpersonal dynamics), support your strength to improve the quality of life, and help find inner peace and positive transformation. I welcome short-term and long-term therapy that focuses on building psychological and relational resilience. I am an Asian woman psychologist with global perspectives and provide clinical services both in English and Korean.
(410) 642-5795 View (410) 642-5795
Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.