Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Dr. Amanda Bean, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Dr. Amanda Bean
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
My priority is to help you develop insight, confidence, and connection. With an approach that is respectful, warm, and direct, I will help you better understand yourself and your current circumstances. Together, we will examine intergenerational patterns, unconscious dynamics, and how you developed your innermost beliefs. With extensive training in treating trauma, I will help you better understand the ways difficult and even tragic experiences influence your relationships, parenting, and self-worth. My approach is rooted in attachment theory, child development, object relations, and trauma research.
My priority is to help you develop insight, confidence, and connection. With an approach that is respectful, warm, and direct, I will help you better understand yourself and your current circumstances. Together, we will examine intergenerational patterns, unconscious dynamics, and how you developed your innermost beliefs. With extensive training in treating trauma, I will help you better understand the ways difficult and even tragic experiences influence your relationships, parenting, and self-worth. My approach is rooted in attachment theory, child development, object relations, and trauma research.
(925) 239-4436 View (925) 239-4436
Photo of Samar Warmerdam, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Samar Warmerdam
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
I believe that change happens through building a trusting relationship between client and therapist. My style is gentle, supportive, and collaborative. I want to support you in identifying your needs, gaining insight into yourself, and making changes in order to feel more fulfilled in your life and relationships.
I believe that change happens through building a trusting relationship between client and therapist. My style is gentle, supportive, and collaborative. I want to support you in identifying your needs, gaining insight into yourself, and making changes in order to feel more fulfilled in your life and relationships.
(628) 250-4768 View (628) 250-4768
Photo of Alexis Adorador, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Alexis Adorador
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
With twenty plus years of experience, I have had the pleasure of working with many clients from various cultural contexts. As a Latina, I am very familiar with the psycho social contexts and cultural considerations needed for culturally competent therapy. Since my practice is very close to U.C. Berkeley, I have also enjoyed working with many graduate and undergraduate students as well as adolescents in both school and private practice settings.
With twenty plus years of experience, I have had the pleasure of working with many clients from various cultural contexts. As a Latina, I am very familiar with the psycho social contexts and cultural considerations needed for culturally competent therapy. Since my practice is very close to U.C. Berkeley, I have also enjoyed working with many graduate and undergraduate students as well as adolescents in both school and private practice settings.
(510) 992-6235 View (510) 992-6235
Photo of Sonja Baumer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sonja Baumer
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94708
I have over 10 years of clinical experience in outpatient clinics, schools, private practice, and humanitarian organizations. My practice has been informed by clinical training and extensive academic background in developmental psychology. It also incorporates my life experience in coping with challenges of immigration, parenthood, career transitions and aging. I believe that healing entails personal growth. You may need to develop a new awareness, an insight, or a specific coping skill to resolve your problem. I provide a safe space for you to explore what is that you need in order to live a more productive and enjoyable life.
I have over 10 years of clinical experience in outpatient clinics, schools, private practice, and humanitarian organizations. My practice has been informed by clinical training and extensive academic background in developmental psychology. It also incorporates my life experience in coping with challenges of immigration, parenthood, career transitions and aging. I believe that healing entails personal growth. You may need to develop a new awareness, an insight, or a specific coping skill to resolve your problem. I provide a safe space for you to explore what is that you need in order to live a more productive and enjoyable life.
(858) 922-3855 View (858) 922-3855
Photo of Jennifer Jiries, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jennifer Jiries
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
My approach as a therapist is affirming, collaborative, Strengths-Based, and tailored to each client I work with. I focus on providing a judgment-free zone so that clients have space and support to work on their personal goals. I hope to build a strong relationship with each client because I believe that a strong relationship is important to our ability to work together and helps to strengthen the client's ability to reach their goals. Therapy can sometimes be hard work and often means facing difficult experiences from our past. My hope is that I am providing a space where the client never feels alone in the process.
My approach as a therapist is affirming, collaborative, Strengths-Based, and tailored to each client I work with. I focus on providing a judgment-free zone so that clients have space and support to work on their personal goals. I hope to build a strong relationship with each client because I believe that a strong relationship is important to our ability to work together and helps to strengthen the client's ability to reach their goals. Therapy can sometimes be hard work and often means facing difficult experiences from our past. My hope is that I am providing a space where the client never feels alone in the process.
(415) 360-7870 View (415) 360-7870
Photo of Shannon Dubach, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Shannon Dubach
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
You're considering therapy. It is often a complicated and difficult decision but sometimes we just know that it's time to try something new. I believe taking the courageous step to begin therapy helps individuals and families address challenges that keep us from our full potential. Whether you are suffering from anxiety or depression, relationship issues or isolation, financial preoccupations, or a desire for a new career, you know it is time to work to make things better. I am a psychologist providing flexible, relational therapy to help you to address a range of issues. My style is warm, compassionate, and down-to-earth.
You're considering therapy. It is often a complicated and difficult decision but sometimes we just know that it's time to try something new. I believe taking the courageous step to begin therapy helps individuals and families address challenges that keep us from our full potential. Whether you are suffering from anxiety or depression, relationship issues or isolation, financial preoccupations, or a desire for a new career, you know it is time to work to make things better. I am a psychologist providing flexible, relational therapy to help you to address a range of issues. My style is warm, compassionate, and down-to-earth.
(510) 746-8062 View (510) 746-8062
Photo of Susi Ferrarello in Berkeley, CA
Susi Ferrarello
MA, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
I am a philosophical counselor with more than ten years' experience consulting in philosophy in Italy, Switzerland, and the US. I've worked in the sexuality program at the California Institute for Integral Studies. My aim as a counselor is to enable you to "think through" compelling questions, decisions in your life to gain a greater sense of personal freedom, ethical clarity, and a sense of renewed vitality. In this work I draw upon my advanced training in classical and continental philosophy: my PhD in philosophy was completed at Sorbonne in Paris, and my philosophical consulting was completed in New York
I am a philosophical counselor with more than ten years' experience consulting in philosophy in Italy, Switzerland, and the US. I've worked in the sexuality program at the California Institute for Integral Studies. My aim as a counselor is to enable you to "think through" compelling questions, decisions in your life to gain a greater sense of personal freedom, ethical clarity, and a sense of renewed vitality. In this work I draw upon my advanced training in classical and continental philosophy: my PhD in philosophy was completed at Sorbonne in Paris, and my philosophical consulting was completed in New York
(510) 892-5657 View (510) 892-5657
Photo of Sean Garrett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sean Garrett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
It takes courage to accept and seek help and set out on your recovery journey. My focus in our work will be on meeting you where you are at and in creating a safe, non-judgmental space where we can collaborate and explore what can be helpful in addressing your needs, wants, and barriers to getting them met.
It takes courage to accept and seek help and set out on your recovery journey. My focus in our work will be on meeting you where you are at and in creating a safe, non-judgmental space where we can collaborate and explore what can be helpful in addressing your needs, wants, and barriers to getting them met.
(341) 888-7174 View (341) 888-7174
Photo of Ceely Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Ceely Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Welcome, I'm Michael Ceely, owner of Ceely Counseling. I believe that seeking help is a sign of strength. It means that you care about yourself and want to make a positive change in your life. Therapy with me is all about learning empowering new skills and habits to expand your life and fulfill your potential. I specialize in anxiety therapy, career issues, life transitions, and counseling for athletes. I offer online therapy to clients throughout California.
Welcome, I'm Michael Ceely, owner of Ceely Counseling. I believe that seeking help is a sign of strength. It means that you care about yourself and want to make a positive change in your life. Therapy with me is all about learning empowering new skills and habits to expand your life and fulfill your potential. I specialize in anxiety therapy, career issues, life transitions, and counseling for athletes. I offer online therapy to clients throughout California.
(510) 916-2973 View (510) 916-2973
Photo of Beatriz Chavez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Beatriz Chavez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
I'm so glad you have found your way to my therapy practice Creative Wisdom Therapy! My intention is to support you, your teen, or your child use the power of creativity to make the changes you seek. Are you an adult or teen who would like to use your creative expression to learn about yourself, heal old or recurring wounds, and build healthy coping skills? Do you have a child who has lots of worries or big emotions? Is your child struggling with a difficult life event or transition? Are you a parent feeling stressed in your parenting role or experiencing a shift in your family dynamics?
I'm so glad you have found your way to my therapy practice Creative Wisdom Therapy! My intention is to support you, your teen, or your child use the power of creativity to make the changes you seek. Are you an adult or teen who would like to use your creative expression to learn about yourself, heal old or recurring wounds, and build healthy coping skills? Do you have a child who has lots of worries or big emotions? Is your child struggling with a difficult life event or transition? Are you a parent feeling stressed in your parenting role or experiencing a shift in your family dynamics?
(510) 617-5886 View (510) 617-5886
Photo of Cathy Carr, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Cathy Carr
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
I have been fortunate to spend the past 29 years working with children and their families-initially as a middle school teacher and now as a LMFT. I'm dedicated to helping my clients have the tools they need to successfully navigate the challenges in their lives. I work with families and individuals struggling with unhealthy communication patterns, major life transitions, grief, trauma, anxiety/depression, defiance, and sibling rivalry. I believe in the power of relationships to heal, so my main focus is on creating a strong working alliance with my clients. Parenting classes, consultations, and new moms' groups offered.
I have been fortunate to spend the past 29 years working with children and their families-initially as a middle school teacher and now as a LMFT. I'm dedicated to helping my clients have the tools they need to successfully navigate the challenges in their lives. I work with families and individuals struggling with unhealthy communication patterns, major life transitions, grief, trauma, anxiety/depression, defiance, and sibling rivalry. I believe in the power of relationships to heal, so my main focus is on creating a strong working alliance with my clients. Parenting classes, consultations, and new moms' groups offered.
(510) 496-2725 View (510) 496-2725
Photo of Jaclyn Lee: Eating Disorder Counseling - Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jaclyn Lee: Eating Disorder Counseling - Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710  (Online Only)
Your deepest desire is to find peace with food. Each day is a new battle with yourself and your relationship to food. High tension, anxiety, and fear are ever present. The only way you know how to handle these feelings is through food. You restrict to manage your anxiety for the day. Or you binge eat as a way of numbing out the unwanted feelings. Here’s the thing, it doesn’t have to be this way. I can tell you that there IS a way out. I’ve done it, and helped many do the same. And that is why I am passionate about helping you realize the same is true for you.
Your deepest desire is to find peace with food. Each day is a new battle with yourself and your relationship to food. High tension, anxiety, and fear are ever present. The only way you know how to handle these feelings is through food. You restrict to manage your anxiety for the day. Or you binge eat as a way of numbing out the unwanted feelings. Here’s the thing, it doesn’t have to be this way. I can tell you that there IS a way out. I’ve done it, and helped many do the same. And that is why I am passionate about helping you realize the same is true for you.
(510) 241-4429 View (510) 241-4429
Photo of Rebecca S Haralabatos, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Rebecca S Haralabatos
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, CIYT, CYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94703
I welcome couples, co-parents, families & individuals with care, acceptance and curiosity about your inner world & relationships. My aim is for all your parts to feel safe, valued and heard. While somatic psychotherapy is central to our work, when in alignment and given my social work and yogic awareness, I will also at times be directive and solution oriented to actively promote your inspired transformation and life. Collaborative & consistent relationships heal trauma, decrease emotional reactivity and increase creativity, flexibility & playfulness. This is a journey we take together as we co-create a healing relationship.
I welcome couples, co-parents, families & individuals with care, acceptance and curiosity about your inner world & relationships. My aim is for all your parts to feel safe, valued and heard. While somatic psychotherapy is central to our work, when in alignment and given my social work and yogic awareness, I will also at times be directive and solution oriented to actively promote your inspired transformation and life. Collaborative & consistent relationships heal trauma, decrease emotional reactivity and increase creativity, flexibility & playfulness. This is a journey we take together as we co-create a healing relationship.
(628) 219-0233 View (628) 219-0233
Photo of Aida Curtis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Aida Curtis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94710
I support individuals who may have experienced confusing and distressing familial relationships either in childhood or adulthood. This may manifest as painful interpersonal dynamics later in life, and can create complex feelings about "home." I specialize in trauma work for adults, children and adolescents. Our work together can facilitate transformation and create new possibilities. It would be an honor to support you.
I support individuals who may have experienced confusing and distressing familial relationships either in childhood or adulthood. This may manifest as painful interpersonal dynamics later in life, and can create complex feelings about "home." I specialize in trauma work for adults, children and adolescents. Our work together can facilitate transformation and create new possibilities. It would be an honor to support you.
(415) 223-9508 View (415) 223-9508
Photo of Eszter Forgacs, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Eszter Forgacs
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
Would you like to grow and better understand who you are? Do you feel stuck in patterns that you would have liked to break for years? Have you just realized that one way to help your children is to better understand and transform your own reactions? Have you just gone through a traumatic life event and are suffering from PTSD?
Would you like to grow and better understand who you are? Do you feel stuck in patterns that you would have liked to break for years? Have you just realized that one way to help your children is to better understand and transform your own reactions? Have you just gone through a traumatic life event and are suffering from PTSD?
View
Photo of Catherine Direen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Catherine Direen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Depression, anxiety, loneliness, professional dissatisfaction, the aftermath of trauma - these are symptoms of something deeper calling out for help. Working together, we can learn what stands between you and emotional balance, happiness and strength. Cultivating these positive states is a wonderful way to live! I also work with couples to identify and remedy the root causes of conflict and dissatisfaction. This might include re-opening long-closed channels of communication; revitalizing emotional and sexual intimacy; and learning more deeply what each of you wants and needs from the other.
Depression, anxiety, loneliness, professional dissatisfaction, the aftermath of trauma - these are symptoms of something deeper calling out for help. Working together, we can learn what stands between you and emotional balance, happiness and strength. Cultivating these positive states is a wonderful way to live! I also work with couples to identify and remedy the root causes of conflict and dissatisfaction. This might include re-opening long-closed channels of communication; revitalizing emotional and sexual intimacy; and learning more deeply what each of you wants and needs from the other.
(510) 399-0942 View (510) 399-0942
Photo of Cody Dunitz, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Cody Dunitz
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
There are many ways to find healing. I use an integrative approach that draws from various modalities such as Gestalt, Nonviolent Communication, mindfulness, somatic healing, and attachment-based therapies. Using a compassionate and collaborative style, I seek to help you work through challenges that are affecting your relationships and the life you want to live. Humor and play can also have wonderful healing benefits, and I often find ways, when appropriate, to fold them into our sessions. Exploring the connection between the mind and the body is at the foundation of the work we will do together.
There are many ways to find healing. I use an integrative approach that draws from various modalities such as Gestalt, Nonviolent Communication, mindfulness, somatic healing, and attachment-based therapies. Using a compassionate and collaborative style, I seek to help you work through challenges that are affecting your relationships and the life you want to live. Humor and play can also have wonderful healing benefits, and I often find ways, when appropriate, to fold them into our sessions. Exploring the connection between the mind and the body is at the foundation of the work we will do together.
(628) 258-7894 View (628) 258-7894
Photo of Jacob Kaminker, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Jacob Kaminker
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Do you sometimes feel like you just need to get over that next hill, but then there is always another hill? Life's journey is a winding trail, with each turn bringing new challenges. Inner conflicts create uncertainty. Yet, you're not alone. Together, we'll navigate the twists of relationships and decisions, forging a path to self-discovery and empowerment. Let's embark on this adventure together.
Do you sometimes feel like you just need to get over that next hill, but then there is always another hill? Life's journey is a winding trail, with each turn bringing new challenges. Inner conflicts create uncertainty. Yet, you're not alone. Together, we'll navigate the twists of relationships and decisions, forging a path to self-discovery and empowerment. Let's embark on this adventure together.
(510) 629-4412 View (510) 629-4412
Photo of Dr. Monica Baines, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Dr. Monica Baines
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Externally, you’ve got it all together, but internally, it's a different story. Doubts and harsh self-criticism weigh you down. Anxiety, insecurity, and perfectionism steal your joy. You're tired of not feeling good enough. You want to quiet the ‘what-ifs’ and ‘should haves’ so you can fully engage in life. I'll help you uncover confidence and courage—confidence in your ability to confront challenges and the courage to embrace your true self. Feel better. Function better. Flourish in your life and relationships.
Externally, you’ve got it all together, but internally, it's a different story. Doubts and harsh self-criticism weigh you down. Anxiety, insecurity, and perfectionism steal your joy. You're tired of not feeling good enough. You want to quiet the ‘what-ifs’ and ‘should haves’ so you can fully engage in life. I'll help you uncover confidence and courage—confidence in your ability to confront challenges and the courage to embrace your true self. Feel better. Function better. Flourish in your life and relationships.
(341) 895-5832 View (341) 895-5832
Datewise
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I help singles over forty develop the capacity to find, create & maintain the best romantic relationship of their life. I work with people who want the self-awareness and skills for satisfying long-term intimacy, want to understand past patterns, heal old wounds, quickly assess who's a good match, & create a foundation for new relationship that's healthy and supports their deepest needs. I've taught graduate level Human Sexuality, & offer expertise w/ all elements of relationship satisfaction. As a writer I also help re: online profiles, to attract the best match. You'll get weekly tasks to accelerate progress toward your goals.
I help singles over forty develop the capacity to find, create & maintain the best romantic relationship of their life. I work with people who want the self-awareness and skills for satisfying long-term intimacy, want to understand past patterns, heal old wounds, quickly assess who's a good match, & create a foundation for new relationship that's healthy and supports their deepest needs. I've taught graduate level Human Sexuality, & offer expertise w/ all elements of relationship satisfaction. As a writer I also help re: online profiles, to attract the best match. You'll get weekly tasks to accelerate progress toward your goals.
(510) 344-2490 View (510) 344-2490

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
72% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
38% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.