Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Ronnie Doss, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Ronnie Doss
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Have you wondered when life became stagnant? Does a past trauma keep invading your present day despite your best efforts? Have you experienced a loss that you still grieve? Stress over things that may or may not happen? Are you not engaging in the life you used to or thought you would? Hiding your pain and feeling sadness, anger, shame, or guilt for experiencing it? If this sounds like you and you feel ready to take back your life, then you may benefit from counseling services I could provide.
Have you wondered when life became stagnant? Does a past trauma keep invading your present day despite your best efforts? Have you experienced a loss that you still grieve? Stress over things that may or may not happen? Are you not engaging in the life you used to or thought you would? Hiding your pain and feeling sadness, anger, shame, or guilt for experiencing it? If this sounds like you and you feel ready to take back your life, then you may benefit from counseling services I could provide.
(415) 548-7096 View (415) 548-7096
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Silver Lake Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
(415) 663-5916 View (415) 663-5916
Photo of Nick Wightman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Nick Wightman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Deciding to start therapy is a sign of strength. I believe all people have a natural inclination toward growth and wholeness and sometimes things get in the way. Exploring these obstacles with compassion and courage can help you cultivate the most important relationship of your life -- your relationship with yourself. Whether your challenge is depression, anxiety, grief and loss, relationships, addictions or career challenges, all you need to get started is the desire to change.
Deciding to start therapy is a sign of strength. I believe all people have a natural inclination toward growth and wholeness and sometimes things get in the way. Exploring these obstacles with compassion and courage can help you cultivate the most important relationship of your life -- your relationship with yourself. Whether your challenge is depression, anxiety, grief and loss, relationships, addictions or career challenges, all you need to get started is the desire to change.
(510) 403-8480 View (510) 403-8480
Photo of Mia Turner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Mia Turner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RYT, ASDCS
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
My work with every client and family is personalized, trauma-informed, rooted in strengths, collaborative, neurodiversity-affirming, and culturally tailored to your needs and experiences. I believe that each client possesses the intergenerational heirlooms of innate resilience, spirituality, and introspection that serve as tools to assist in your healing journey. You are the expert of your experience and I am here to offer hope and support you as you share your narrative and author a new chapter of healing, continuing to grow into your best self, discovering balance, serenity, joy, and connecting with yourself and surroundings.
My work with every client and family is personalized, trauma-informed, rooted in strengths, collaborative, neurodiversity-affirming, and culturally tailored to your needs and experiences. I believe that each client possesses the intergenerational heirlooms of innate resilience, spirituality, and introspection that serve as tools to assist in your healing journey. You are the expert of your experience and I am here to offer hope and support you as you share your narrative and author a new chapter of healing, continuing to grow into your best self, discovering balance, serenity, joy, and connecting with yourself and surroundings.
(510) 737-7485 View (510) 737-7485
Photo of Jordana Delory, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Jordana Delory
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, PRDT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606
When challenges and struggles in life arise, you do not have to walk alone. Whether you have experienced a recent life transition, loss, setback, have struggled with mental health or addiction challenges, or, are seeking support to heal from a recent or childhood trauma, I will be honored to guide you to gain control of your life and reclaim your personal power. I have committed nearly two decades holding a safe and empowered space for adults, children, and adolescents to discover their human potential, heal from trauma, and develop the tools to live a life of vitality and empowerment.
When challenges and struggles in life arise, you do not have to walk alone. Whether you have experienced a recent life transition, loss, setback, have struggled with mental health or addiction challenges, or, are seeking support to heal from a recent or childhood trauma, I will be honored to guide you to gain control of your life and reclaim your personal power. I have committed nearly two decades holding a safe and empowered space for adults, children, and adolescents to discover their human potential, heal from trauma, and develop the tools to live a life of vitality and empowerment.
(510) 372-2274 View (510) 372-2274
Photo of Esther Krohner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Esther Krohner
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
How come you have reached out for therapy now? I begin sessions by focusing on the here and now and filling in the past as needed. I help individuals struggling to create relationships that are fulfilling enough. I work with parents, teens, couples and individuals that are trying to find build satisfying relationships, be effective in the workplace or school and channel their behavior productively. You are likely frustrated and have tried a to get results- and they keep evading you.My style is warm, pragmatic and grounded in meeting you where you are hurting most to cultivate change.
How come you have reached out for therapy now? I begin sessions by focusing on the here and now and filling in the past as needed. I help individuals struggling to create relationships that are fulfilling enough. I work with parents, teens, couples and individuals that are trying to find build satisfying relationships, be effective in the workplace or school and channel their behavior productively. You are likely frustrated and have tried a to get results- and they keep evading you.My style is warm, pragmatic and grounded in meeting you where you are hurting most to cultivate change.
(510) 851-9411 x248797 View (510) 851-9411 x248797
Photo of Danielle Marie Lefevre, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Danielle Marie Lefevre
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94619
I believe therapy plays an integral role in personal growth and healing, and the relationship between client and therapist is an important part of the journey. I have provided therapy to teens and adults throughout the past decade using an individualized and supportive approach. I understand that each person has different strengths, needs, and a unique story. I strive to create an environment that is safe, nonjudgmental, and compassionate. I believe in people’s ability to grow and transform when given access to the support and tools they need.
I believe therapy plays an integral role in personal growth and healing, and the relationship between client and therapist is an important part of the journey. I have provided therapy to teens and adults throughout the past decade using an individualized and supportive approach. I understand that each person has different strengths, needs, and a unique story. I strive to create an environment that is safe, nonjudgmental, and compassionate. I believe in people’s ability to grow and transform when given access to the support and tools they need.
(510) 901-5074 View (510) 901-5074
Photo of Katherine D Czesak, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Katherine D Czesak
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
My approach is to understand you deeply and individualize our work by finding what is most effective for you. All people are unique and their life circumstances are particular to who they are. Through collaboration, we figure out what is what is most beneficial for your wellbeing and also what is realistic for your lifestyle. I look forward to meeting you and exploring what you wish to change through an initial free half hour phone consultation. My two offices, downtown San Francisco and on Piedmont Avenue in Oakland, are accessible by public transportation.
My approach is to understand you deeply and individualize our work by finding what is most effective for you. All people are unique and their life circumstances are particular to who they are. Through collaboration, we figure out what is what is most beneficial for your wellbeing and also what is realistic for your lifestyle. I look forward to meeting you and exploring what you wish to change through an initial free half hour phone consultation. My two offices, downtown San Francisco and on Piedmont Avenue in Oakland, are accessible by public transportation.
(415) 237-6065 View (415) 237-6065
Photo of Larry Tonberg Edwards, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Larry Tonberg Edwards
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
Psychotherapy is an opportunity to develop a new compassionate understanding of yourself and your relationship to others. Whether you are looking for symptom relief or personal growth, the work of psychotherapy begins with establishing a trusting relationship with the therapist who will be your guide, ally, and occasionally your nemesis in exploration. I encourage my clients to become relentlessly curious about themselves by carefully looking at their past and present relationships and the patterns of their emotional and psychological lives.
Psychotherapy is an opportunity to develop a new compassionate understanding of yourself and your relationship to others. Whether you are looking for symptom relief or personal growth, the work of psychotherapy begins with establishing a trusting relationship with the therapist who will be your guide, ally, and occasionally your nemesis in exploration. I encourage my clients to become relentlessly curious about themselves by carefully looking at their past and present relationships and the patterns of their emotional and psychological lives.
(510) 403-8479 View (510) 403-8479
Photo of Gregory LH Gayle, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Gregory LH Gayle
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
We all want to be understood, accepted and loved; this can only happen through honest communication. Making the decision to seek help for you or your family can be part of that communication. I provide a safe space to explore, discuss and process important issues that affect the lives of you and your family members. I have an eclectic approach to providing psychotherapy. As one size does not fit all, therapy cannot be approached in the same way for everyone. It must be tailored to the specific needs, issues and problems that each person uniquely presents.
We all want to be understood, accepted and loved; this can only happen through honest communication. Making the decision to seek help for you or your family can be part of that communication. I provide a safe space to explore, discuss and process important issues that affect the lives of you and your family members. I have an eclectic approach to providing psychotherapy. As one size does not fit all, therapy cannot be approached in the same way for everyone. It must be tailored to the specific needs, issues and problems that each person uniquely presents.
(510) 985-4085 View (510) 985-4085
Photo of Noelle Clason, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Noelle Clason
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
I provide sex-positive therapy to individuals, relationships, and adult families. Most of my clients have non-mainstream sexual, gender, and/or relationship identities. Many identify as non-monogamous, are considering opening or creatively designing their relationship(s); I help them to create agreements, move through jealousy, heal from infidelities, build trust, and improve communication with partners and metamours. I work with queer, transgender, and nonbinary clients just beginning to question and explore their identities, and those who have been out for years and need therapy from a clinician familiar with queer issues.
I provide sex-positive therapy to individuals, relationships, and adult families. Most of my clients have non-mainstream sexual, gender, and/or relationship identities. Many identify as non-monogamous, are considering opening or creatively designing their relationship(s); I help them to create agreements, move through jealousy, heal from infidelities, build trust, and improve communication with partners and metamours. I work with queer, transgender, and nonbinary clients just beginning to question and explore their identities, and those who have been out for years and need therapy from a clinician familiar with queer issues.
(510) 907-6191 View (510) 907-6191
Photo of Christina Pascarzi, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Christina Pascarzi
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
My practice focuses on individual therapy for adults with anxiety and stress-related issues. My style is warm and collaborative. I encourage self-compassion, curiosity, and acceptance throughout the therapeutic process. I offer two main approaches that have been shown to be effective in treating anxiety: Talk Therapy and Exposure Therapy.
My practice focuses on individual therapy for adults with anxiety and stress-related issues. My style is warm and collaborative. I encourage self-compassion, curiosity, and acceptance throughout the therapeutic process. I offer two main approaches that have been shown to be effective in treating anxiety: Talk Therapy and Exposure Therapy.
(510) 426-9513 View (510) 426-9513
Photo of Tim Barry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Tim Barry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
I am passionate about supporting people in addressing a range of different challenges that may be impacting their lives. I believe that people are inherently resilient, and that building a strong therapeutic relationship can help you access both existing strengths and build new ones. While I may be an expert in a particular therapeutic model, you are an expert in your experience, and our ability to work together using evidence-based practices will help you reach your goals. I will take an active approach in your care by collaboratively building rapport and tailoring your care to meet your unique needs.
I am passionate about supporting people in addressing a range of different challenges that may be impacting their lives. I believe that people are inherently resilient, and that building a strong therapeutic relationship can help you access both existing strengths and build new ones. While I may be an expert in a particular therapeutic model, you are an expert in your experience, and our ability to work together using evidence-based practices will help you reach your goals. I will take an active approach in your care by collaboratively building rapport and tailoring your care to meet your unique needs.
(510) 567-7566 View (510) 567-7566
Photo of Gina Delucca, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Gina Delucca
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Clients who typically feel drawn to work with me tend to prefer a more action-oriented and present-focused approach to therapy. While developing self-understanding in therapy can be very powerful by itself, I like to try to empower my clients to use their insight to create concrete change in their lives. I also like working with clients who are interested in setting goals, willing to experiment with new behaviors and thinking patterns, and motivated to do homework between sessions. My specialty areas include anxiety, perfectionism, impostor syndrome, low self-esteem, disordered eating, stress, and work-life balance.
Clients who typically feel drawn to work with me tend to prefer a more action-oriented and present-focused approach to therapy. While developing self-understanding in therapy can be very powerful by itself, I like to try to empower my clients to use their insight to create concrete change in their lives. I also like working with clients who are interested in setting goals, willing to experiment with new behaviors and thinking patterns, and motivated to do homework between sessions. My specialty areas include anxiety, perfectionism, impostor syndrome, low self-esteem, disordered eating, stress, and work-life balance.
(510) 726-9991 View (510) 726-9991
Photo of Creature Comforts Therapy , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Creature Comforts Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94605
Welcome! My experience and education are rooted in working with individuals from various backgrounds to help them identify a path towards feeling more safe in their own bodies. I have vast experience working with substance use disorders or folks that are supporting a loved one with a substance use disorder. I also help individuals focusing on harm reduction efforts. I have a passion for helping individuals to identify stressors in their lives and help them manage their experiences of depression, burn out, stress, trauma, anxiety, grief, and loss more effectively.
Welcome! My experience and education are rooted in working with individuals from various backgrounds to help them identify a path towards feeling more safe in their own bodies. I have vast experience working with substance use disorders or folks that are supporting a loved one with a substance use disorder. I also help individuals focusing on harm reduction efforts. I have a passion for helping individuals to identify stressors in their lives and help them manage their experiences of depression, burn out, stress, trauma, anxiety, grief, and loss more effectively.
(341) 234-3148 View (341) 234-3148
Photo of Rue Harrison Whittaker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Rue Harrison Whittaker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Not accepting new clients
I offer short-term therapy speaking to your specific concerns as well as depth-oriented work aimed at increased self-awareness and satisfaction in relationships. Combining psychodynamic and transpersonal orientations, my approach is always determined by your needs and wishes. A variety of modalities, such as expressive arts, EMDR, mindfulness and hypnosis are to be found in my therapeutic tool kit. My years of experience have led me to develop confidence in the healing power of the therapeutic process. Let me help you take the steps to a more fulfilling experience of life.
I offer short-term therapy speaking to your specific concerns as well as depth-oriented work aimed at increased self-awareness and satisfaction in relationships. Combining psychodynamic and transpersonal orientations, my approach is always determined by your needs and wishes. A variety of modalities, such as expressive arts, EMDR, mindfulness and hypnosis are to be found in my therapeutic tool kit. My years of experience have led me to develop confidence in the healing power of the therapeutic process. Let me help you take the steps to a more fulfilling experience of life.
(510) 924-0124 View (510) 924-0124
Photo of Sarah DelMonte, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Oakland, CA
Sarah DelMonte
Associate Clinical Social Worker, MA, ASW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601  (Online Only)
Are you sensing a budding awareness in yourself of difficult patterns in your life that you wish to transform and grow through? It would be an honor to support you on your healing journey. I’m a therapist with a trauma-informed, client-centered lens and I utilize various creative modalities to help my clients experience greater insight, self-love, and balance in their lives. Some of the tools I use are art therapy, narrative therapy, meditation, dance movement therapy, as well somatic and sensory interventions. I also have training in SE, ACT, DBT, and CBT and these modalities influence my eclectic therapeutic technique.
Are you sensing a budding awareness in yourself of difficult patterns in your life that you wish to transform and grow through? It would be an honor to support you on your healing journey. I’m a therapist with a trauma-informed, client-centered lens and I utilize various creative modalities to help my clients experience greater insight, self-love, and balance in their lives. Some of the tools I use are art therapy, narrative therapy, meditation, dance movement therapy, as well somatic and sensory interventions. I also have training in SE, ACT, DBT, and CBT and these modalities influence my eclectic therapeutic technique.
(510) 880-1369 View (510) 880-1369
Photo of Jessica Nagahashi Baer in Oakland, CA
Jessica Nagahashi Baer
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94605  (Online Only)
Is loneliness, grief, self-doubt and static hum of floating adrift governing your sense of being? Do you miss feeling like YOURSELF? Being Human is Hard. These past few years have put our minds and bodies to the test in ways we are only beginning to understand. I am with you. I can help you navigate the road back to your infinite fabulousness where you will have the confidence to hold the relationships, purpose, and self-love you seek.
Is loneliness, grief, self-doubt and static hum of floating adrift governing your sense of being? Do you miss feeling like YOURSELF? Being Human is Hard. These past few years have put our minds and bodies to the test in ways we are only beginning to understand. I am with you. I can help you navigate the road back to your infinite fabulousness where you will have the confidence to hold the relationships, purpose, and self-love you seek.
(510) 804-8851 View (510) 804-8851
Photo of Halleli Toder, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Halleli Toder
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Most people who reach out to me feel like there's some sort of a gap between what they want and what they have. This gap is uncomfortable, upsetting, or might be painful. And often it's unclear why this gap exists or what can be done to close it or at least narrow it down a bit. Each one of us has a set of life circumstances that need to be taken into account when attempting to improve on our lived-experience. Psychotherapy is the arena in which those personal circumstances, individual preferences, needs, wants, and struggles can be explored.
Most people who reach out to me feel like there's some sort of a gap between what they want and what they have. This gap is uncomfortable, upsetting, or might be painful. And often it's unclear why this gap exists or what can be done to close it or at least narrow it down a bit. Each one of us has a set of life circumstances that need to be taken into account when attempting to improve on our lived-experience. Psychotherapy is the arena in which those personal circumstances, individual preferences, needs, wants, and struggles can be explored.
(510) 272-7124 View (510) 272-7124
Photo of Rebecca Reynolds, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Rebecca Reynolds
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
I have had the privilege of walking through the healing process with adults, senior adults, the LGBTQ+ community, and women's issues. During my experience in a community mental health clinic, and in private practice I have utilized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Trauma Focused - CBT, Emotionally Focused Therapy, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. I will hold your vulnerability and pain with compassion and authenticity while the process of finding new or renewed hope, healing, strength, wholeness, and vitality for life begins to unfold.
I have had the privilege of walking through the healing process with adults, senior adults, the LGBTQ+ community, and women's issues. During my experience in a community mental health clinic, and in private practice I have utilized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Trauma Focused - CBT, Emotionally Focused Therapy, and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. I will hold your vulnerability and pain with compassion and authenticity while the process of finding new or renewed hope, healing, strength, wholeness, and vitality for life begins to unfold.
(510) 871-8837 View (510) 871-8837

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
22% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.