Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Kate Dubé, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Kate Dubé
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I can’t change the world around you, but I can help you find your footing. Whether you want to feel comfortable in your own skin, struggle to set boundaries, get trapped in a cycle of people pleasing, or seek meaning and connection—therapy is a place to listen deeply to your inner wisdom and experience. Together, we can access the resources to understand who you are and make the changes you’ve been struggling to make. While I have specialized training in perinatal mental health, I work with adult clients (18 years and older) from a wide variety of backgrounds, in all phases and transitions of life.
I can’t change the world around you, but I can help you find your footing. Whether you want to feel comfortable in your own skin, struggle to set boundaries, get trapped in a cycle of people pleasing, or seek meaning and connection—therapy is a place to listen deeply to your inner wisdom and experience. Together, we can access the resources to understand who you are and make the changes you’ve been struggling to make. While I have specialized training in perinatal mental health, I work with adult clients (18 years and older) from a wide variety of backgrounds, in all phases and transitions of life.
(510) 896-3629 View (510) 896-3629
Photo of Dr. Maya Florsheim, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dr. Maya Florsheim
Psychologist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Hi there, I’m Dr. Florsheim. I am a licensed psychologist dedicated to helping teens, adults, and couples in California and Hawaii achieve greater fulfillment and authenticity through virtual therapy sessions. I specialize in addressing a wide range of concerns for individuals and couples, including: anxiety, depression, body image/relationship with food, LGBTQIA+ issues, masculinity, identity development, and relationship concerns. I am a self-reflective, curious, and empathic yet direct clinician, committed to providing a supportive and honest environment where clients feel fully seen and understood.
Hi there, I’m Dr. Florsheim. I am a licensed psychologist dedicated to helping teens, adults, and couples in California and Hawaii achieve greater fulfillment and authenticity through virtual therapy sessions. I specialize in addressing a wide range of concerns for individuals and couples, including: anxiety, depression, body image/relationship with food, LGBTQIA+ issues, masculinity, identity development, and relationship concerns. I am a self-reflective, curious, and empathic yet direct clinician, committed to providing a supportive and honest environment where clients feel fully seen and understood.
(510) 213-8735 View (510) 213-8735
Photo of Kristy Shanks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Kristy Shanks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Do you have difficulty maintaining healthy relationships? Are you anxious or depressed? Are you having difficulty connecting with others? I am here to support you in expressing your feelings, acknowledging your lived experiences, and navigating relationships.
Do you have difficulty maintaining healthy relationships? Are you anxious or depressed? Are you having difficulty connecting with others? I am here to support you in expressing your feelings, acknowledging your lived experiences, and navigating relationships.
(510) 631-0424 View (510) 631-0424
Photo of Ariella Popple, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Ariella Popple
Psychologist, PsyD, PhD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Are you stressed, anxious or depressed? I will listen kindly and focus on your path to getting better. Together, we will identify reachable goals and a plan that you can commit to. This might include CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy), EMDR (eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing) or just talking and learning mindfulness and healthy habits. I believe in an integrative approach to wellness. If you want, we can do therapy while walking in nature.
Are you stressed, anxious or depressed? I will listen kindly and focus on your path to getting better. Together, we will identify reachable goals and a plan that you can commit to. This might include CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy), EMDR (eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing) or just talking and learning mindfulness and healthy habits. I believe in an integrative approach to wellness. If you want, we can do therapy while walking in nature.
(510) 681-0027 View (510) 681-0027
Photo of Gregory LH Gayle, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Gregory LH Gayle
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
We all want to be understood, accepted and loved; this can only happen through honest communication. Making the decision to seek help for you or your family can be part of that communication. I provide a safe space to explore, discuss and process important issues that affect the lives of you and your family members. I have an eclectic approach to providing psychotherapy. As one size does not fit all, therapy cannot be approached in the same way for everyone. It must be tailored to the specific needs, issues and problems that each person uniquely presents.
We all want to be understood, accepted and loved; this can only happen through honest communication. Making the decision to seek help for you or your family can be part of that communication. I provide a safe space to explore, discuss and process important issues that affect the lives of you and your family members. I have an eclectic approach to providing psychotherapy. As one size does not fit all, therapy cannot be approached in the same way for everyone. It must be tailored to the specific needs, issues and problems that each person uniquely presents.
(510) 985-4085 View (510) 985-4085
Photo of Dierdre Wallace, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Dierdre Wallace
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with upsetting memories that creep in day and night? Is the constant anxiety you experience causing you to become more and more isolated, lonely, and sad? A loss sense of self has emerged, and it feels like no one understands? This pain impacts your day-to-day life, your relationships, and your ability to function. Simple tasks feel overwhelming, you find it impossible to concentrate. You feel exhausted, overwhelmed, frustrated just trying to get through the day and feel there’s no light at the end of the tunnel, wondering will it ever stop? You feel yourself floating through life and know something must change now.
Do you struggle with upsetting memories that creep in day and night? Is the constant anxiety you experience causing you to become more and more isolated, lonely, and sad? A loss sense of self has emerged, and it feels like no one understands? This pain impacts your day-to-day life, your relationships, and your ability to function. Simple tasks feel overwhelming, you find it impossible to concentrate. You feel exhausted, overwhelmed, frustrated just trying to get through the day and feel there’s no light at the end of the tunnel, wondering will it ever stop? You feel yourself floating through life and know something must change now.
(510) 272-7038 View (510) 272-7038
Photo of Tecsia Evans, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Tecsia Evans
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Dr. Evans at Your Therapy Now, provides quality clinical and assessment services for the everyday person. Our focus is to collaborate with you and identify concrete goals for your emotional health, create a plan that helps you achieve these goals and provide a supportive space that empowers you along the way. Our model is simple: therapy is meant to equip you with the tools you need, as you need them, to make the changes you desire to see in your life.
Dr. Evans at Your Therapy Now, provides quality clinical and assessment services for the everyday person. Our focus is to collaborate with you and identify concrete goals for your emotional health, create a plan that helps you achieve these goals and provide a supportive space that empowers you along the way. Our model is simple: therapy is meant to equip you with the tools you need, as you need them, to make the changes you desire to see in your life.
(510) 369-1495 View (510) 369-1495
Photo of Evan Sola, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Evan Sola
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
I work with individuals, adults and children, who are struggling with relationships, hoping to make peace with overwhelming trauma histories, or seeking support to cope with difficult life transitions. Many of my clients come to therapy with feelings of lostness in regard to work, social life, love, and connection to passionate pursuits, looking to find clearer direction and purpose in their life.
I work with individuals, adults and children, who are struggling with relationships, hoping to make peace with overwhelming trauma histories, or seeking support to cope with difficult life transitions. Many of my clients come to therapy with feelings of lostness in regard to work, social life, love, and connection to passionate pursuits, looking to find clearer direction and purpose in their life.
(510) 900-4981 View (510) 900-4981
Photo of Catherine (Cat) Haueter, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Catherine (Cat) Haueter
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
I believe that experiencing loving, nurturing relationships is the best part of being alive. I also recognize that for many of us, creating and maintaining such relationships can be incredibly hard. I view psychotherapy as a means to explore whatever is currently blocking our path to healthy, fulfilling and supportive connections--both to others and to ourselves. Sometimes that means building skills we never learned in the first place. Other times that means examining challenging past experiences. Whatever the circumstances, I am here to support your journey toward growth, fulfillment, and ultimately, greater joy.
I believe that experiencing loving, nurturing relationships is the best part of being alive. I also recognize that for many of us, creating and maintaining such relationships can be incredibly hard. I view psychotherapy as a means to explore whatever is currently blocking our path to healthy, fulfilling and supportive connections--both to others and to ourselves. Sometimes that means building skills we never learned in the first place. Other times that means examining challenging past experiences. Whatever the circumstances, I am here to support your journey toward growth, fulfillment, and ultimately, greater joy.
(650) 879-4163 View (650) 879-4163
Photo of Lisette R Lahana, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lisette R Lahana
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Welcome! I understand the challenges of finding the right therapist. My aim is to provide a sanctuary where we address your concerns from a holistic perspective.My practice is tailored for individuals who identify as queer, trans, non-binary, or are exploring gender and/or sexuality. Embracing a trauma-informed approach, I acknowledge the experiences you've endured and can support your journey toward healing.With over two decades of experience, I specialize in mood condition like Bipolar Disorder. Whether it's navigating identity or focusing on other essential aspects of your life such as relationships or career, I'm here to help.
Welcome! I understand the challenges of finding the right therapist. My aim is to provide a sanctuary where we address your concerns from a holistic perspective.My practice is tailored for individuals who identify as queer, trans, non-binary, or are exploring gender and/or sexuality. Embracing a trauma-informed approach, I acknowledge the experiences you've endured and can support your journey toward healing.With over two decades of experience, I specialize in mood condition like Bipolar Disorder. Whether it's navigating identity or focusing on other essential aspects of your life such as relationships or career, I'm here to help.
(510) 915-4795 View (510) 915-4795
Photo of Xuel Sun, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Xuel Sun
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
You feel stuck in your relationships. Feeling stuck with too many things you are navigating . You are out of touch with your needs and desires or how to communicate them effectively. You hate the fighting but don't know how to slow down. That's why I'm here to help. I support you build inner resources so that you can be unfazed by judgements and challenges, centered in your self-love and clarity, have ease in giving and receiving, communicating and decision-making. I am especially skilled in helping multicultural, marginalized identities, neurodivergent, poly/CNM couples with communication, trauma and intimacy.
You feel stuck in your relationships. Feeling stuck with too many things you are navigating . You are out of touch with your needs and desires or how to communicate them effectively. You hate the fighting but don't know how to slow down. That's why I'm here to help. I support you build inner resources so that you can be unfazed by judgements and challenges, centered in your self-love and clarity, have ease in giving and receiving, communicating and decision-making. I am especially skilled in helping multicultural, marginalized identities, neurodivergent, poly/CNM couples with communication, trauma and intimacy.
(341) 888-6560 View (341) 888-6560
Photo of Howard P Ramseur, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Howard P Ramseur
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
My clients experience me as easy to talk with, as having an empathic and interactive style, and as flexible and goal oriented in my therapeutic approach..I work in a variety of ways with individual adults: short term problem solving therapy, or longer term self exploration. I work with individuals who are having relationship difficulties, including being in a relationship " too good to leave, too bad to stay"; and with individual adults who have anxiety, depression and self esteem issues. My practice welcomes people from all backgrounds, with many people of color, particularly African Americans, and multicultural individuals. LGBT friendly.
My clients experience me as easy to talk with, as having an empathic and interactive style, and as flexible and goal oriented in my therapeutic approach..I work in a variety of ways with individual adults: short term problem solving therapy, or longer term self exploration. I work with individuals who are having relationship difficulties, including being in a relationship " too good to leave, too bad to stay"; and with individual adults who have anxiety, depression and self esteem issues. My practice welcomes people from all backgrounds, with many people of color, particularly African Americans, and multicultural individuals. LGBT friendly.
(925) 308-5966 View (925) 308-5966
Photo of Natalie Jones, Counselor in Oakland, CA
Natalie Jones
Counselor, PsyD, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
When you are in a relationship with a narcissist, you don't know what's real anymore. Somewhere along the way you have gotten lost in the cycle of toxicity and you are unsure of how to get out. You feel powerless and you try to explain to others what's going on, but they don't understand. You have a hard time explaining the manipulation, gaslighting, love bombing, and trauma bonding. You have a hard time hiding how you really feel behind your smile. You have lost yourself in your relationship, and what's worse - you don't feel happy or connected to anyone. You long for a safe place to unload your heavy burdens.
When you are in a relationship with a narcissist, you don't know what's real anymore. Somewhere along the way you have gotten lost in the cycle of toxicity and you are unsure of how to get out. You feel powerless and you try to explain to others what's going on, but they don't understand. You have a hard time explaining the manipulation, gaslighting, love bombing, and trauma bonding. You have a hard time hiding how you really feel behind your smile. You have lost yourself in your relationship, and what's worse - you don't feel happy or connected to anyone. You long for a safe place to unload your heavy burdens.
(415) 322-5527 View (415) 322-5527
Photo of Alana Morazzini, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Alana Morazzini
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
You don’t feel like yourself, you push through each day joyless and overwhelmed. Talking to friends, family, or even your partner about how difficult things are often makes you feel more alone. More than anything you want to be excited about this next phase of life, to feel like you can meet this moment with hope and resolve and be there for those who need you most, but instead you are barely treading water. Worse, you and your partner have never felt more out of sync.
You don’t feel like yourself, you push through each day joyless and overwhelmed. Talking to friends, family, or even your partner about how difficult things are often makes you feel more alone. More than anything you want to be excited about this next phase of life, to feel like you can meet this moment with hope and resolve and be there for those who need you most, but instead you are barely treading water. Worse, you and your partner have never felt more out of sync.
(415) 322-5653 View (415) 322-5653
Photo of Brian Lopez, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Brian Lopez
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94606  (Online Only)
Imagine logging into our secure video appointment in the comfort of your own home. We collaborate on what you hope to get out of therapy. You open up about what has made that difficult to achieve on your own. I listen and validate your struggles. We collaborate on small goals to get you closer each week. You start to feel better. When your goals are achieved, you graduate from therapy.
Imagine logging into our secure video appointment in the comfort of your own home. We collaborate on what you hope to get out of therapy. You open up about what has made that difficult to achieve on your own. I listen and validate your struggles. We collaborate on small goals to get you closer each week. You start to feel better. When your goals are achieved, you graduate from therapy.
(415) 429-3811 View (415) 429-3811
Photo of Jennifer Lara, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Oakland, CA
Jennifer Lara
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Childhood trauma can cripple us, it creates overpowering ‘intense’ emotions such as anxiety, depression, and anger when left unattended which begins to create physical symptoms to defend our bodies from the internal wounds. Has there ever been a time in your life where you have experienced this reaction? Are you experiencing these feelings based on current or past trauma from childhood, early teens, adolescence, adulthood, or as a senior? I aim to utilize a variety of actionable techniques to help reduce trauma related symptoms and make lasting changes in life.
Childhood trauma can cripple us, it creates overpowering ‘intense’ emotions such as anxiety, depression, and anger when left unattended which begins to create physical symptoms to defend our bodies from the internal wounds. Has there ever been a time in your life where you have experienced this reaction? Are you experiencing these feelings based on current or past trauma from childhood, early teens, adolescence, adulthood, or as a senior? I aim to utilize a variety of actionable techniques to help reduce trauma related symptoms and make lasting changes in life.
(415) 200-3335 View (415) 200-3335
Photo of Matilda St John, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Matilda St John
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
Not accepting new clients
Struggling with anxiety can be a debilitating, frightening, and isolating experience. Whether the anxiety stems from trauma(s), trying to be "good" all the time, or something you can't quite put your finger on, together we can begin to understand and unravel the fears that are keeping you from living more fully. Many people I see are anxious for good reason, and their lives can be improved by learning ways to step back and take a broader view.
Struggling with anxiety can be a debilitating, frightening, and isolating experience. Whether the anxiety stems from trauma(s), trying to be "good" all the time, or something you can't quite put your finger on, together we can begin to understand and unravel the fears that are keeping you from living more fully. Many people I see are anxious for good reason, and their lives can be improved by learning ways to step back and take a broader view.
(510) 878-4694 x2 View (510) 878-4694 x2
Photo of Bret T Alderman in Oakland, CA
Bret T Alderman
PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606
As a life coach with a doctorate in depth psychology, I work in a psychologically savvy way, without losing the dynamism of coaching. I facilitate ‘lucid living’ in my clients – an ability to act, think, and feel in agreement with one’s truest self. Whatever issue you are addressing, I assume that something in you knows the right approach to it, although discovering this may require the help of others. I also assume that no-one wants to merely make the dysfunctional functional: We all desire exceptional levels of vitality, creativity, and resilience.
As a life coach with a doctorate in depth psychology, I work in a psychologically savvy way, without losing the dynamism of coaching. I facilitate ‘lucid living’ in my clients – an ability to act, think, and feel in agreement with one’s truest self. Whatever issue you are addressing, I assume that something in you knows the right approach to it, although discovering this may require the help of others. I also assume that no-one wants to merely make the dysfunctional functional: We all desire exceptional levels of vitality, creativity, and resilience.
(628) 240-0896 View (628) 240-0896
Photo of Bedford Palmer, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Bedford Palmer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I work with a diverse clientele and specialize in providing social justice oriented psychotherapy to Black people and other POC, as well as members of LGBTQIA+ communities. I provide culturally responsive therapy, which focuses on the strengths you already have. I tend to use a cognitive-behavioral theoretical approach (CBT), while also paying attention to your environment and access to social support. I work with you to build a safe space where you can share your experiences without the fear of being judged, and where you can focus on becoming clear about what you want, and how you want to go about making that happen.
I work with a diverse clientele and specialize in providing social justice oriented psychotherapy to Black people and other POC, as well as members of LGBTQIA+ communities. I provide culturally responsive therapy, which focuses on the strengths you already have. I tend to use a cognitive-behavioral theoretical approach (CBT), while also paying attention to your environment and access to social support. I work with you to build a safe space where you can share your experiences without the fear of being judged, and where you can focus on becoming clear about what you want, and how you want to go about making that happen.
(510) 298-3362 View (510) 298-3362
Photo of Dena Scott, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dena Scott
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94605
Not accepting new clients
There is a bravery in the therapeutic process. A willingness to be open to better understanding of yourself, others and the world around us. A desire to navigate towards the ultimate destination of social-emotional wellness. For each individual, couple, family and system there is a path we have the ability to impact. I aim to be a catalyst along this sometimes simple and often complex journey. My goal is to support, challenge and empower. We will build our therapeutic relationship through thoughtful inquiry and meaningful dialogue that allows us to develop a comprehensive treatment plan for you and/or your loved ones.
There is a bravery in the therapeutic process. A willingness to be open to better understanding of yourself, others and the world around us. A desire to navigate towards the ultimate destination of social-emotional wellness. For each individual, couple, family and system there is a path we have the ability to impact. I aim to be a catalyst along this sometimes simple and often complex journey. My goal is to support, challenge and empower. We will build our therapeutic relationship through thoughtful inquiry and meaningful dialogue that allows us to develop a comprehensive treatment plan for you and/or your loved ones.
(404) 476-8760 View (404) 476-8760

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.