Photo of Nicolai Grosell in New York, NY
Nicolai Grosell
CCEP, EMM
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10031
I am here to support you on your journey of healing and growth. I truly believe that we each have the power to heal ourselves and live meaningful lives full of depth, joy and love. I am a Core Energetics practitioner and I will help you to integrate body, mind and emotions. Core energetics is a body-oriented psychotherapy that works with a person's emotional blocks, often held in the body. Life can be more joyful when old pain is released through energetic movement. We bring consciousness to old patterns to free ourselves and make lasting changes.
I am here to support you on your journey of healing and growth. I truly believe that we each have the power to heal ourselves and live meaningful lives full of depth, joy and love. I am a Core Energetics practitioner and I will help you to integrate body, mind and emotions. Core energetics is a body-oriented psychotherapy that works with a person's emotional blocks, often held in the body. Life can be more joyful when old pain is released through energetic movement. We bring consciousness to old patterns to free ourselves and make lasting changes.
(845) 419-1689 View (845) 419-1689
Photo of Alison Cunningham-Goldberg Psychotherapist, Art Therapist in New York, NY
Alison Cunningham-Goldberg Psychotherapist
Art Therapist, MPS, LCAT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Alison has postgraduate training in a variety of modalities, Psychoanalytically Informed Approach, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Authentic Movement, and Gottman Method for working with couples.
Alison's practice consists of professionals from diverse backgrounds, who are navigating careers, balancing family, friends, within increased challenges of daily living. Alison has successfully provided treatment for individuals who have had adverse childhood experiences which can manifest in adulthood as depression, anxiety, ptsd, or having trouble setting goals for the future. Alison has extensive experience working with children, adolescence and young adults that identify as neuro-diverse.
Alison has postgraduate training in a variety of modalities, Psychoanalytically Informed Approach, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Authentic Movement, and Gottman Method for working with couples.
Alison's practice consists of professionals from diverse backgrounds, who are navigating careers, balancing family, friends, within increased challenges of daily living. Alison has successfully provided treatment for individuals who have had adverse childhood experiences which can manifest in adulthood as depression, anxiety, ptsd, or having trouble setting goals for the future. Alison has extensive experience working with children, adolescence and young adults that identify as neuro-diverse.
(332) 239-1529 View (332) 239-1529
Photo of Zeynep Catay Caliskan, Psychologist in New York, NY
Zeynep Catay Caliskan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
I am also a dance/movement therapist, and practitioner of Somatic Experiencing.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 18 years of experience working with adults, adolescents and children. In psychotherapy, I believe in creating a safe and collaborative environment that can serve as a catalyst for self-understanding and change. Through open self-expression and close listening, I seek to shed light on the multilayered nature of problems and clarify various relational, emotional and thought processes that are involved. Depending on your individual needs the work of psychotherapy may include elements of deepening insight, strengthening coping abilities or implementing life style changes.
I am also a dance/movement therapist, and practitioner of Somatic Experiencing.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 18 years of experience working with adults, adolescents and children. In psychotherapy, I believe in creating a safe and collaborative environment that can serve as a catalyst for self-understanding and change. Through open self-expression and close listening, I seek to shed light on the multilayered nature of problems and clarify various relational, emotional and thought processes that are involved. Depending on your individual needs the work of psychotherapy may include elements of deepening insight, strengthening coping abilities or implementing life style changes.
(929) 552-6786 View (929) 552-6786
Photo of Dr. Silvia Birklein, SYNC Psychological Services™, Psychologist in New York, NY
Dr. Silvia Birklein, SYNC Psychological Services™
Psychologist, PhD, MA, LCAT, BC-DMT, CMA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
In addition to psychodynamic therapy, I offer the option of movement and somatic-based work.
I am a licensed psychologist/psychoanalyst with over 20 years of practice in psychotherapy and body/mind approaches. If you experience trauma, anxiety, depression, or relationship problems, I am dedicated to helping you. I'll work with you on becoming aware of unresolved issues that limit your choices and freedom in life by attending carefully to your narrative and experience. Emphasis is on an exploration of your issues, and on the therapeutic relationship. In addition, our group has a team of experts/clinicians who are trained in a variety of approaches and issues. Please see the website for more info: WWW.SYNCPSYCH.COM
In addition to psychodynamic therapy, I offer the option of movement and somatic-based work.
I am a licensed psychologist/psychoanalyst with over 20 years of practice in psychotherapy and body/mind approaches. If you experience trauma, anxiety, depression, or relationship problems, I am dedicated to helping you. I'll work with you on becoming aware of unresolved issues that limit your choices and freedom in life by attending carefully to your narrative and experience. Emphasis is on an exploration of your issues, and on the therapeutic relationship. In addition, our group has a team of experts/clinicians who are trained in a variety of approaches and issues. Please see the website for more info: WWW.SYNCPSYCH.COM
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Photo of Tamar Kipnis, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Tamar Kipnis
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MS, NCPsyA, LCAT, LP, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
I integrate Relational psychodynamic psychotherapy, Authentic Movement, Somatic psychoanalysis, Family dynamics and mindfulness-based therapies.
I'm a Licensed Psychoanalyst and a Licensed Creative Arts Therapist. I have extensive experience working with people coping with depression, PTSD, relationship issues, anxiety and career concerns. I'm also trained in specific trauma evidence base treatments such as Internal Family System, EMDR, and Psychedelic Integration, all are specifically focused treatments designed to create meaningful, desirable and durable lifestyle changes.
I integrate Relational psychodynamic psychotherapy, Authentic Movement, Somatic psychoanalysis, Family dynamics and mindfulness-based therapies.
I'm a Licensed Psychoanalyst and a Licensed Creative Arts Therapist. I have extensive experience working with people coping with depression, PTSD, relationship issues, anxiety and career concerns. I'm also trained in specific trauma evidence base treatments such as Internal Family System, EMDR, and Psychedelic Integration, all are specifically focused treatments designed to create meaningful, desirable and durable lifestyle changes.
(347) 751-6510 View (347) 751-6510
Photo of Paola Alessio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Paola Alessio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CBT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10023
In addition to psychotherapy I run a weekly Bioenergetic movement group.
I approach therapy with the understanding that our mind and body are not separated but aspects of a unified whole. Our emotions and life history are held and manifest in the body and change begins when we acknowledge and work with our full being. Through a process that goes beyond talk, I help my clients bring attention to how their concerns effect how they breathe, feel, move, think and express themselves, as I support them in gradually exploring the underlying emotional terrain.
In addition to psychotherapy I run a weekly Bioenergetic movement group.
I approach therapy with the understanding that our mind and body are not separated but aspects of a unified whole. Our emotions and life history are held and manifest in the body and change begins when we acknowledge and work with our full being. Through a process that goes beyond talk, I help my clients bring attention to how their concerns effect how they breathe, feel, move, think and express themselves, as I support them in gradually exploring the underlying emotional terrain.
(347) 650-3235 View (347) 650-3235
Photo of Marisa Markowitz, Licensed Master Social Worker in New York, NY
Marisa Markowitz
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10018
I am trained in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to help treat trauma.
Hello! I help individuals from all walks of life with a variety of concerns. I help individuals suffering from anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction and alcohol concerns, grief and loss, relationship issues, obsessive compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Their goals might be practical, or more theoretical, and I often incorporate elements from my background in philosophy and music studies to help understand how concepts can help with healing. My clients want to find inner peace, and we explore different modalities to get there together.
I am trained in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to help treat trauma.
Hello! I help individuals from all walks of life with a variety of concerns. I help individuals suffering from anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction and alcohol concerns, grief and loss, relationship issues, obsessive compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Their goals might be practical, or more theoretical, and I often incorporate elements from my background in philosophy and music studies to help understand how concepts can help with healing. My clients want to find inner peace, and we explore different modalities to get there together.
(646) 571-0695 View (646) 571-0695
Photo of Allyson Norwood Bush, Counselor in New York, NY
Allyson Norwood Bush
Counselor, ATR-BC, LCPC, LCAT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
Art-making, poetry and movement offer fresh perspectives; new endings to old stories.
In art therapy, we make things together to create a bridge to communication, sometimes staying in the metaphor, and other times using the art product as a jumping off point for verbal discussion. When using narrative therapy, we find new and creative ways to look at old, unproductive stories. We create goals together. I provide the solid, predictable framework and ongoing support, as well as parent coaching. We create opportunities for deep insight, meaningful growth and healthy risk-taking.
Art-making, poetry and movement offer fresh perspectives; new endings to old stories.
In art therapy, we make things together to create a bridge to communication, sometimes staying in the metaphor, and other times using the art product as a jumping off point for verbal discussion. When using narrative therapy, we find new and creative ways to look at old, unproductive stories. We create goals together. I provide the solid, predictable framework and ongoing support, as well as parent coaching. We create opportunities for deep insight, meaningful growth and healthy risk-taking.
(406) 284-0573 View (406) 284-0573
Photo of Cirri Shafren, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Cirri Shafren
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Art, Trauma, Somatic
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10002
I offer talk therapy, Expressive Arts, Somatic & Movement! Reach out :).
On the outside, you seem like you've got it all together. You've got a social crew, you've got a decent job, and you even have hobbies...but something isn't feeling right inside. It's like you've got this empty nagging feeling, and it's been bothering you for some time. You want to be able to enjoy the life you have, you want to be able to be present, and to finally get relief from the nagging pressure, spinning thoughts and discomfort you've been feeling.
I offer talk therapy, Expressive Arts, Somatic & Movement! Reach out :).
On the outside, you seem like you've got it all together. You've got a social crew, you've got a decent job, and you even have hobbies...but something isn't feeling right inside. It's like you've got this empty nagging feeling, and it's been bothering you for some time. You want to be able to enjoy the life you have, you want to be able to be present, and to finally get relief from the nagging pressure, spinning thoughts and discomfort you've been feeling.
(718) 568-5491 View (718) 568-5491
Photo of Leela Kelley in New York, NY
Leela Kelley
MA, R-DMT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
The main tools I use are Somatic Parts Work, EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique), Polyvagal Theory, Yoga, and Somatic Movement Therapy.
Hello! I offer Integrative Somatic Therapy & Coaching, which is a body-centered form of therapy that supports holistic wellness. My approach is compassionate, trauma-informed, embodied, and creative. I work with adults of all ages and gender identities who want to feel more connected to themselves, transform old patterns, and foster more self-love and acceptance. Through an embodied nervous system informed approach, I support folks around personal development and transformation, anxiety, stress, grief & loss.
The main tools I use are Somatic Parts Work, EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique), Polyvagal Theory, Yoga, and Somatic Movement Therapy.
Hello! I offer Integrative Somatic Therapy & Coaching, which is a body-centered form of therapy that supports holistic wellness. My approach is compassionate, trauma-informed, embodied, and creative. I work with adults of all ages and gender identities who want to feel more connected to themselves, transform old patterns, and foster more self-love and acceptance. Through an embodied nervous system informed approach, I support folks around personal development and transformation, anxiety, stress, grief & loss.
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Photo of Jamie Adges, Creative Arts Therapist in New York, NY
Jamie Adges
Creative Arts Therapist, LCAT, RDT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024
Talking is not always the best approach to therapy-especially if you are someone who struggles with opening up or finding words for your feelings. Working creatively allows you to move past blocks and defenses to release old patterns and create the life you want to be living. Whether you have a specific issue, feel stuck or overwhelmed, or are curious to explore yourself more, a creative approach may be key in supporting you in finding relief and accessing a greater source of healing within you.
Talking is not always the best approach to therapy-especially if you are someone who struggles with opening up or finding words for your feelings. Working creatively allows you to move past blocks and defenses to release old patterns and create the life you want to be living. Whether you have a specific issue, feel stuck or overwhelmed, or are curious to explore yourself more, a creative approach may be key in supporting you in finding relief and accessing a greater source of healing within you.
(718) 568-6621 View (718) 568-6621
Photo of Rabia Khara, Marriage & Family Therapist in New York, NY
Rabia Khara
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, MFT, PCC, RDT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
As a clinician, the therapeutic process is only meaningful and complete with the reciprocity and engagement of those I work with. Each individual is unique and their stories are interwoven with a rich tapestry of diverse emotions. By balancing the abstract, creative, philosophical, and introspective aspects of life with friendliness, compassion, empathy and care, I walk the path with you on your journey toward peace and happiness.
As a clinician, the therapeutic process is only meaningful and complete with the reciprocity and engagement of those I work with. Each individual is unique and their stories are interwoven with a rich tapestry of diverse emotions. By balancing the abstract, creative, philosophical, and introspective aspects of life with friendliness, compassion, empathy and care, I walk the path with you on your journey toward peace and happiness.
(215) 709-9225 View (215) 709-9225
Photo of At Home Psychedelic Therapy (Instant Insurance Verification), Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
At Home Psychedelic Therapy (Instant Insurance Verification)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MD, PhD, LCSW, PDOC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
Feya Health is a woman-owned, Psychedelic Assisted Psychotherapy group practice, featured on MTV. Our Integrative approach helps clients address their self-destructive patterns by getting to the core and root of their issues. The result is a drastic reduction in the initial presenting symptoms over a short period of time. We offer a comprehensive, integrative & customizable approach to the Ketamine & Oxytocin Therapy Process and specialize in EMDR, PTSD, CPTSD, human optimization and Pharmaceutical Medication withdrawal.
Feya Health is a woman-owned, Psychedelic Assisted Psychotherapy group practice, featured on MTV. Our Integrative approach helps clients address their self-destructive patterns by getting to the core and root of their issues. The result is a drastic reduction in the initial presenting symptoms over a short period of time. We offer a comprehensive, integrative & customizable approach to the Ketamine & Oxytocin Therapy Process and specialize in EMDR, PTSD, CPTSD, human optimization and Pharmaceutical Medication withdrawal.
(917) 789-1484 View (917) 789-1484
Photo of At Home Psychedelic Therapy (Instant Insurance Verification ), Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
At Home Psychedelic Therapy (Instant Insurance Verification )
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, MA, CPC, MD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
The Feya Health Psychotherapists are all trained in cutting edge & depth oriented modalities that speed up the process of healing & integration in clients compared to traditional talk therapy. We hav been featured in the media as an expert therapists including on MTV. Our Integrative approach helps clients address their self-destructive patterns by getting to the core and root of their issues. The result is a drastic reduction in the initial presenting symptoms. An immersive process for clients who are looking for more sustainable shifts compared to traditional talk therapy.
The Feya Health Psychotherapists are all trained in cutting edge & depth oriented modalities that speed up the process of healing & integration in clients compared to traditional talk therapy. We hav been featured in the media as an expert therapists including on MTV. Our Integrative approach helps clients address their self-destructive patterns by getting to the core and root of their issues. The result is a drastic reduction in the initial presenting symptoms. An immersive process for clients who are looking for more sustainable shifts compared to traditional talk therapy.
(201) 212-6646 View (201) 212-6646
Photo of Adalyn Wilson in New York, NY
Adalyn Wilson
LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10002  (Online Only)
Currently, I am the founder of Lionheart Psychotherapy, a mental health practice that offers online therapy and hosts mental health events. An ideal client for Lionheart clinicians or myself can be coming from any life experience, as long as their needs and goals focus on self-understanding, self-compassion, and healing. Therapy can be challenging but it should also be a safe space to hold realizations, pain, growth, joy and release. An ideal client is willing to embrace this process.
Currently, I am the founder of Lionheart Psychotherapy, a mental health practice that offers online therapy and hosts mental health events. An ideal client for Lionheart clinicians or myself can be coming from any life experience, as long as their needs and goals focus on self-understanding, self-compassion, and healing. Therapy can be challenging but it should also be a safe space to hold realizations, pain, growth, joy and release. An ideal client is willing to embrace this process.
(718) 866-4697 View (718) 866-4697
Photo of Rachel Maki, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Rachel Maki
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, RYT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10038  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with anxiety or feel lost in how to heal from past trauma? Are you feeling overwhelmed and unsure about how to cope with complex relationships? Struggling with intense emotions and trauma can feel exhausting and impact every aspect of our lives, even our physical health. As a therapist and yoga instructor, I bring my insight of the mind-body connection to help clients cultivate a healthier relationship with themselves, draw wisdom from their own emotions including anxiety, heal from trauma, and foster a greater sense of health in their relationships.
Do you struggle with anxiety or feel lost in how to heal from past trauma? Are you feeling overwhelmed and unsure about how to cope with complex relationships? Struggling with intense emotions and trauma can feel exhausting and impact every aspect of our lives, even our physical health. As a therapist and yoga instructor, I bring my insight of the mind-body connection to help clients cultivate a healthier relationship with themselves, draw wisdom from their own emotions including anxiety, heal from trauma, and foster a greater sense of health in their relationships.
(646) 741-5093 View (646) 741-5093
Photo of Footprints Mental Health Counseling , Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Footprints Mental Health Counseling
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
Footprints was started by a therapist who realized that often times the services provided to low socio-economic communities is lacking quality care. We noticed these communities were confronted with long wait times, disrespectful admins, and subpar treatment. The one and only purpose was to exploit the community for profit without providing the level of care deserved. Feel Better Therapy began from the inspiration to provide quality mental health care to the poorest of communities and treating the clients of this community the same way a rich patient would be treated in a clinic treating affluent clients.
Footprints was started by a therapist who realized that often times the services provided to low socio-economic communities is lacking quality care. We noticed these communities were confronted with long wait times, disrespectful admins, and subpar treatment. The one and only purpose was to exploit the community for profit without providing the level of care deserved. Feel Better Therapy began from the inspiration to provide quality mental health care to the poorest of communities and treating the clients of this community the same way a rich patient would be treated in a clinic treating affluent clients.
(718) 550-5392 View (718) 550-5392
Photo of Jonathan Mathias Lassiter, Psychologist in New York, NY
Jonathan Mathias Lassiter
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Accepting New Clients Now. Do you have a hard time recognizing and sitting with emotions? Questioning if your relationships are healthy? Maybe you feel stressed out by your co-workers or classmates who don’t get you because of your race or sexual orientation. Experiencing imposter syndrome? Is it getting harder to show up with joy because you are dealing with a chronic illness on top of everything else? If these things are getting in the way of you living your life the way you want, I’m here for you. Hello. I'm Dr. Jonathan Mathias Lassiter. But please, call me Jonathan. I'm a licensed clinical psychologist ready to help you.
Accepting New Clients Now. Do you have a hard time recognizing and sitting with emotions? Questioning if your relationships are healthy? Maybe you feel stressed out by your co-workers or classmates who don’t get you because of your race or sexual orientation. Experiencing imposter syndrome? Is it getting harder to show up with joy because you are dealing with a chronic illness on top of everything else? If these things are getting in the way of you living your life the way you want, I’m here for you. Hello. I'm Dr. Jonathan Mathias Lassiter. But please, call me Jonathan. I'm a licensed clinical psychologist ready to help you.
(347) 686-8245 View (347) 686-8245
Photo of Kareem Alexander Hewitt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Kareem Alexander Hewitt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
You are just as important to your communities as your communities are to you. This framework grounds the work I do. Western concepts of healing have historically enforced rigid individualism as the ideal way of life. However, I believe that understanding who you are, as both an individual and community member, makes space for your more nuanced, wholesome, and expansive narrative. My work with clients focuses on being present with emotions, navigating individual and collective traumas, reconnecting to your physical body, and empowering healing and joy. I'm hoping for healing and liberation for us all!
You are just as important to your communities as your communities are to you. This framework grounds the work I do. Western concepts of healing have historically enforced rigid individualism as the ideal way of life. However, I believe that understanding who you are, as both an individual and community member, makes space for your more nuanced, wholesome, and expansive narrative. My work with clients focuses on being present with emotions, navigating individual and collective traumas, reconnecting to your physical body, and empowering healing and joy. I'm hoping for healing and liberation for us all!
(347) 297-5091 View (347) 297-5091
Photo of Dr. Angelo Pezzote, Counselor in New York, NY
Dr. Angelo Pezzote
Counselor, DPharm, MA, BCPP, CCMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10036  (Online Only)
SOMETHING MISSING? HELP FINDING IT. You don't have to suffer alone. Secrets and isolation are not the answer. I can be there for you, wherever you are. I provide safe, discreet, personalized care via video chat. My goal is to deliver the results you want. Benefits are more: health, happiness, love, confidence, peace & success. I work with all people, including affirmation of diversity: LGBTQ2IA+, Hispanics, Latinos, Blacks, Native Americans, Asians, other People of Color, and Multiculturalism. Triumph over your challenges: Relationships, Trauma, Depression, Panic/Anxiety, Addictions, Sexuality, Gender, Men's Issues, Peyronie's.
SOMETHING MISSING? HELP FINDING IT. You don't have to suffer alone. Secrets and isolation are not the answer. I can be there for you, wherever you are. I provide safe, discreet, personalized care via video chat. My goal is to deliver the results you want. Benefits are more: health, happiness, love, confidence, peace & success. I work with all people, including affirmation of diversity: LGBTQ2IA+, Hispanics, Latinos, Blacks, Native Americans, Asians, other People of Color, and Multiculturalism. Triumph over your challenges: Relationships, Trauma, Depression, Panic/Anxiety, Addictions, Sexuality, Gender, Men's Issues, Peyronie's.
(917) 740-1937 View (917) 740-1937

Dance Movement Therapy

What can I expect from dance/movement therapy?

During dance therapy, the therapist will guide the client through dance movements that metaphorically represent a particular challenge, reflect their internal emotional state, or otherwise express physically what is happening for the client mentally. The therapist may “mirror” the client’s movements or simply observe. The client may be encouraged, as they dance, to pay attention to their breath or other physical sensations. Afterward, the therapist and client will often debrief to help the client process the experience.

Is dance/movement therapy evidence-based?

A small body of research has found that dance therapy can help treat conditions like depression, PTSD, anxiety, and eating disorders, as well as nonclinical issues like low self-esteem or family conflict. However, some experts caution that the evidence in favor of dance therapy is not as robust as that of other, more established therapies, and some of the published research is of low quality. Many recommend that dance therapy be used as a complementary rather than stand-alone treatment.

Can dance therapy help with depression?

Some research suggests that dance/movement therapy can aid in the treatment of depression, especially when combined with other therapies; some studies, for example, report that dance therapy combined with antidepressants or talk therapy is more effective than those treatments alone. The positive effects of dance therapy may come from the movement itself, as it’s well-known that physical activity can improve mood and bolster motivation in those struggling with depression.

What are the limitations of dance therapy?

People with disabilities or other conditions that hinder movement may find it more challenging to participate in dance therapy, though a well-trained therapist will take a client’s physical limitations into account when designing a treatment plan. Experts also warn that certain conditions, particularly eating disorders, should never be treated with dance therapy alone; it may, however, be used as an adjunct therapy.