Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Cheryl M Manfredi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Cheryl M Manfredi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
Cheryl Manfredi, LCSW has 20 years experience working with adults and couples. She is a certified psychotherapist and psychoanalyst with four years post graduate training in Object Relations Therapy. "Therapy frequently promotes a more deeply experienced sense of self and others through gradual awareness and honesty with ourselves. "Through listening, witnessing, recognizing and understanding, therapy becomes a greenhouse for the self to develop more fully.
Cheryl Manfredi, LCSW has 20 years experience working with adults and couples. She is a certified psychotherapist and psychoanalyst with four years post graduate training in Object Relations Therapy. "Therapy frequently promotes a more deeply experienced sense of self and others through gradual awareness and honesty with ourselves. "Through listening, witnessing, recognizing and understanding, therapy becomes a greenhouse for the self to develop more fully.
(646) 798-5592 View (646) 798-5592
Photo of Michaela D'Urso, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Michaela D'Urso
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10022
Michaela is a passionate Cognitive Behavioral therapist (which is the most effective, researched, and validated therapy to date). She will work with you to identify and change overly negative thinking and unhelpful behaviors that interfere with your mood, reaching your goals, or hampering interpersonal relationships. She works with those struggling with depression, anxiety, worry, phobias, stress, body image issues, performance anxiety, defiant behavior in children, relationship struggles, and work/school issues.
Michaela is a passionate Cognitive Behavioral therapist (which is the most effective, researched, and validated therapy to date). She will work with you to identify and change overly negative thinking and unhelpful behaviors that interfere with your mood, reaching your goals, or hampering interpersonal relationships. She works with those struggling with depression, anxiety, worry, phobias, stress, body image issues, performance anxiety, defiant behavior in children, relationship struggles, and work/school issues.
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Photo of Andrew Lima, Psychologist in New York, NY
Andrew Lima
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10018
My approach is warm, collaborative, and direct. My focus is on providing a supportive and interactive dialogue with you to remove blocks, build upon strengths and resilience, and foster self-attunement to live more authentically and to attain the personal growth you are seeking. I provide individual therapy to clients of all ages well as comprehensive psychological evaluations. My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, school refusal, disruptive behavioral problems, ADHD, chronic medical problems, chronic stress, and difficulties coping with life transitions.
My approach is warm, collaborative, and direct. My focus is on providing a supportive and interactive dialogue with you to remove blocks, build upon strengths and resilience, and foster self-attunement to live more authentically and to attain the personal growth you are seeking. I provide individual therapy to clients of all ages well as comprehensive psychological evaluations. My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, school refusal, disruptive behavioral problems, ADHD, chronic medical problems, chronic stress, and difficulties coping with life transitions.
(929) 547-7406 View (929) 547-7406
Photo of Dana Rizzo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dana Rizzo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
My practice is eclectic, existential, and inherently relationally-focused, but first and foremost, tailored to your unique inquiries and needs. I believe in the utility and practical application of mental tools and behavioral techniques, and also the power of developing insight, intuition, and self-awareness. Of upmost importance is my objective to help you meet yourself, understand your needs, self-advocate for your well-being, and learn to self-heal by normalizing your response to pain. We all need reminding that we are not disordered. We are human, time and time again.
My practice is eclectic, existential, and inherently relationally-focused, but first and foremost, tailored to your unique inquiries and needs. I believe in the utility and practical application of mental tools and behavioral techniques, and also the power of developing insight, intuition, and self-awareness. Of upmost importance is my objective to help you meet yourself, understand your needs, self-advocate for your well-being, and learn to self-heal by normalizing your response to pain. We all need reminding that we are not disordered. We are human, time and time again.
(646) 980-5769 View (646) 980-5769
Photo of Cloud Counseling, Counselor in New York, NY
Cloud Counseling
Counselor, LMHC, DCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10037
I am a licensed psychotherapist and certified online counselor. I believe that exploring a desire to change is the first step in creating a fulfilling lifestyle. Using Cloud Counseling(c), or distance counseling, we can build an energized mindset that can help you to achieve a goal or change a dysfunctional behavior. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, psychotic disorders, emotional disturbances, self-empowerment, trauma, loss, finding meaning and addiction. I work to empower clients using a strengths-based, affirming perspective to teach coping skills, to help guide exploration of self and to provide support through normal life transitions.
I am a licensed psychotherapist and certified online counselor. I believe that exploring a desire to change is the first step in creating a fulfilling lifestyle. Using Cloud Counseling(c), or distance counseling, we can build an energized mindset that can help you to achieve a goal or change a dysfunctional behavior. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, psychotic disorders, emotional disturbances, self-empowerment, trauma, loss, finding meaning and addiction. I work to empower clients using a strengths-based, affirming perspective to teach coping skills, to help guide exploration of self and to provide support through normal life transitions.
(908) 691-4498 View (908) 691-4498
Photo of Online Virtual Therapy With Alicia Eggleston, Marriage & Family Therapist in New York, NY
Online Virtual Therapy With Alicia Eggleston
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
FREE consultations! Are you feeling stuck in negative thoughts, intense emotions, or behavioral patterns that don't serve your best interest? Are you hoping to build more meaning and joy in your life? You may feel hesitant about reaching out for help, especially with pressure from all directions to "have it all together". I'm here to join you on this journey to discover healing and build a balanced life. My goal is to help you find compassion for yourself, develop skills to help you navigate life stressors, and be confident in the resilient person you are.
FREE consultations! Are you feeling stuck in negative thoughts, intense emotions, or behavioral patterns that don't serve your best interest? Are you hoping to build more meaning and joy in your life? You may feel hesitant about reaching out for help, especially with pressure from all directions to "have it all together". I'm here to join you on this journey to discover healing and build a balanced life. My goal is to help you find compassion for yourself, develop skills to help you navigate life stressors, and be confident in the resilient person you are.
(332) 330-3951 View (332) 330-3951
Photo of Inna Dukach, Counselor in New York, NY
Inna Dukach
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
I approach our work as an evolving collaboration, fulfilling the profound and universal desire to be known and accepted. Using an integrative approach, I view effective therapy not as panacea, but as a ladder into the unknown: helping clients through obstacles towards specific goals, deeper into the self, outward toward another, and through challenging transitions. My particular training and experience is in working with performing artists, individuals with a variety of gender identities and sexualities, as well as people in various life transitions, particularly with young adults and issues surrounding identity formation.
I approach our work as an evolving collaboration, fulfilling the profound and universal desire to be known and accepted. Using an integrative approach, I view effective therapy not as panacea, but as a ladder into the unknown: helping clients through obstacles towards specific goals, deeper into the self, outward toward another, and through challenging transitions. My particular training and experience is in working with performing artists, individuals with a variety of gender identities and sexualities, as well as people in various life transitions, particularly with young adults and issues surrounding identity formation.
(347) 647-2089 View (347) 647-2089
Photo of Rachel Guerrero, Psychologist in New York, NY
Rachel Guerrero
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Are depression and anxiety interfering in your life? Do you find yourself hitting roadblocks and wondering why? I can help you understand how your mood, behavior, thoughts, and relational patterns influence your choices. Through increased awareness, support, and gentle pushing, I help my clients move towards their goals. I help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, addiction, self-harming behavior, impulsivity, relationship difficulties, work problems, issues with eating, as well as those struggling with creative blocks.
Are depression and anxiety interfering in your life? Do you find yourself hitting roadblocks and wondering why? I can help you understand how your mood, behavior, thoughts, and relational patterns influence your choices. Through increased awareness, support, and gentle pushing, I help my clients move towards their goals. I help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, addiction, self-harming behavior, impulsivity, relationship difficulties, work problems, issues with eating, as well as those struggling with creative blocks.
(646) 762-0613 View (646) 762-0613
Photo of Tiffany Garcia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Tiffany Garcia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028
Hello! I am a licensed clinical therapist with over 8 years of counseling experience. My expertise lies in helping people achieve their goals of stress reduction, improved coping skills, communication, and self-esteem. My eclectic approach includes extensive knowledge in cognitive behavioral, client-centered, and trauma-informed therapy modalities. As an Afro-Latina myself, I know that having a culturally-sensitive therapist is very important to ensure that clients feel heard and supported in sessions. I believe in creating a space of acceptance and unconditional positive regard in order to foster self-acceptance and healing.
Hello! I am a licensed clinical therapist with over 8 years of counseling experience. My expertise lies in helping people achieve their goals of stress reduction, improved coping skills, communication, and self-esteem. My eclectic approach includes extensive knowledge in cognitive behavioral, client-centered, and trauma-informed therapy modalities. As an Afro-Latina myself, I know that having a culturally-sensitive therapist is very important to ensure that clients feel heard and supported in sessions. I believe in creating a space of acceptance and unconditional positive regard in order to foster self-acceptance and healing.
(716) 321-0817 View (716) 321-0817
Photo of Arnold M Washton, Psychologist in New York, NY
Arnold M Washton
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10017  (Online Only)
Get personalized expert help for alcohol and drug problems without leaving your home. Our boutique addiction specialty practice now offers online services for executives and professionals. We provide online evaluations, individual therapy, and support group meetings. Our alcohol moderation program can help you cut back on your drinking rather than quit completely. We also offer abstinence-based treatments to help you break free of alcohol, opioids, cocaine, or other drugs. Contact us to schedule your private online consultation: www.recoveryoptions.us. (212) 944-8444 awashton@gmail.com
Get personalized expert help for alcohol and drug problems without leaving your home. Our boutique addiction specialty practice now offers online services for executives and professionals. We provide online evaluations, individual therapy, and support group meetings. Our alcohol moderation program can help you cut back on your drinking rather than quit completely. We also offer abstinence-based treatments to help you break free of alcohol, opioids, cocaine, or other drugs. Contact us to schedule your private online consultation: www.recoveryoptions.us. (212) 944-8444 awashton@gmail.com
(212) 944-8444 View (212) 944-8444
Photo of Deborah Tobaly, Licensed Master Social Worker in New York, NY
Deborah Tobaly
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10022  (Online Only)
Life is a journey with ups and downs. I’m here to help you get through it. I am a non-judgmental and empathetic therapist. I’m here to guide you on your healing journey to discover your strengths and give you the tools you need to get there.   You deserve treatment that's individualized specifically for your needs and to help you reach your full potential.
Life is a journey with ups and downs. I’m here to help you get through it. I am a non-judgmental and empathetic therapist. I’m here to guide you on your healing journey to discover your strengths and give you the tools you need to get there.   You deserve treatment that's individualized specifically for your needs and to help you reach your full potential.
(646) 846-7065 View (646) 846-7065
Photo of Liana Sideri, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Liana Sideri
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MS
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128
People usually seek therapy when they experience unhappiness. Reaching out for help when that occurs takes courage. With compassion, respect and care, we will work together to address your challenges, focusing on your feelings, thoughts and desires. We will explore how you function in the world and help you to connect insightfully to that part of your self in need of attention and support. Identifying and exploring patterns in your life, you can learn to manage emotional/behavioral barriers. We will be doing all this in a safe and comforting place.
People usually seek therapy when they experience unhappiness. Reaching out for help when that occurs takes courage. With compassion, respect and care, we will work together to address your challenges, focusing on your feelings, thoughts and desires. We will explore how you function in the world and help you to connect insightfully to that part of your self in need of attention and support. Identifying and exploring patterns in your life, you can learn to manage emotional/behavioral barriers. We will be doing all this in a safe and comforting place.
(917) 809-7430 View (917) 809-7430
Photo of Victoria Davis, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Victoria Davis
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Not Verified Not Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Are you searching for your authentic self or longing for a purpose? You may look for answers in the wrong places or get used to dimming your light to please others—which leaves you feeling afraid, confused, and burdened. You might struggle to understand or express your emotions and crave a safe space to let go of stressors, demands, and expectations. If all this sounds familiar, you are not alone. I know what it feels like to walk around thinking, “you are not enough,” putting on a mask, and pushing through the pain. But you are worthy of peace.
Are you searching for your authentic self or longing for a purpose? You may look for answers in the wrong places or get used to dimming your light to please others—which leaves you feeling afraid, confused, and burdened. You might struggle to understand or express your emotions and crave a safe space to let go of stressors, demands, and expectations. If all this sounds familiar, you are not alone. I know what it feels like to walk around thinking, “you are not enough,” putting on a mask, and pushing through the pain. But you are worthy of peace.
(646) 687-7320 View (646) 687-7320
Photo of Katie Dewey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Katie Dewey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10075
Psychotherapy can feel like a daunting journey to start but my goal is to help you feel supported, seen and understood each step of the way. Together, we will explore in detail what brings you to seek therapy and identify the problems that have become overwhelming, pervasive or limiting for you. I tailor my approach to each patient's individual needs and together we will work not only to reduce symptoms but to also address the underlying causes.
Psychotherapy can feel like a daunting journey to start but my goal is to help you feel supported, seen and understood each step of the way. Together, we will explore in detail what brings you to seek therapy and identify the problems that have become overwhelming, pervasive or limiting for you. I tailor my approach to each patient's individual needs and together we will work not only to reduce symptoms but to also address the underlying causes.
(332) 244-0958 View (332) 244-0958
Photo of Adam Banks - Interventionist, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in New York, NY
Adam Banks - Interventionist
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CIP, CARC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Family members often call me to help intervene on a family member and help them start a path to recovery. I have been sober for more than 12 years. I am certified as an interventionist, trained in the ARISE method, and also a certified addiction recovery coach. We can intervene on a family member in a matter of days, and we can start them on successful recovery this week.
Family members often call me to help intervene on a family member and help them start a path to recovery. I have been sober for more than 12 years. I am certified as an interventionist, trained in the ARISE method, and also a certified addiction recovery coach. We can intervene on a family member in a matter of days, and we can start them on successful recovery this week.
(929) 419-4093 View (929) 419-4093
Photo of Laurie Sloane, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Laurie Sloane, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
Over the past 30 years, a combination of diverse experiences and extensive training have made me the therapist I am today. I have always been interested in what makes us who we are. How much is nature or nurture, what are we born with and does the environment shape us. Psychotherapy provides a safe space for people to make meaning about their lives, the choices they make in school, work and love. Therapy is a process. Though there is often no simple, quick solution, it provides a safe space to explore in-depth, emotions, thoughts and actions to bring about change.
Over the past 30 years, a combination of diverse experiences and extensive training have made me the therapist I am today. I have always been interested in what makes us who we are. How much is nature or nurture, what are we born with and does the environment shape us. Psychotherapy provides a safe space for people to make meaning about their lives, the choices they make in school, work and love. Therapy is a process. Though there is often no simple, quick solution, it provides a safe space to explore in-depth, emotions, thoughts and actions to bring about change.
(646) 681-1308 View (646) 681-1308
Photo of Sam Rosenthal in New York, NY
Sam Rosenthal
MHC-LP, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10012
Waitlist for new clients
You are one step closer to living a better life. If you are dealing with low self-esteem, relationship problems, LGBTQ+ issues, career stress, or life transitions, I am here to help. I work with people from a span of backgrounds and specialize in issues related to anxiety, depression, intersecting identities, Gay couples and families, and childhood trauma. My goal in working with adults, teens, couples, and families is to create a collaborative and affirming space where you can voice your struggles and find a deeper understanding of your thoughts and feelings.
You are one step closer to living a better life. If you are dealing with low self-esteem, relationship problems, LGBTQ+ issues, career stress, or life transitions, I am here to help. I work with people from a span of backgrounds and specialize in issues related to anxiety, depression, intersecting identities, Gay couples and families, and childhood trauma. My goal in working with adults, teens, couples, and families is to create a collaborative and affirming space where you can voice your struggles and find a deeper understanding of your thoughts and feelings.
(929) 323-4241 View (929) 323-4241
Photo of Reyna Kahan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Reyna Kahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
Depression and anxiety, job stress, health concerns and relationship issues are aspects of life which can easily overwhelm us, especially when we don't understand their underlying causes or what to do about them. My aim as a therapist is to provide a supportive and compassionate environment, establishing the foundation to facilitate growth and change. Our time together will be tailored to addressing the specific needs and issues that you're struggling with. Through this process,we'll build towards having greater insight and clarity about yourself and navigating the inevitable ups and downs of life
Depression and anxiety, job stress, health concerns and relationship issues are aspects of life which can easily overwhelm us, especially when we don't understand their underlying causes or what to do about them. My aim as a therapist is to provide a supportive and compassionate environment, establishing the foundation to facilitate growth and change. Our time together will be tailored to addressing the specific needs and issues that you're struggling with. Through this process,we'll build towards having greater insight and clarity about yourself and navigating the inevitable ups and downs of life
(917) 809-5548 View (917) 809-5548
Photo of Paulina Agrawal, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Paulina Agrawal
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Each of us is deserving of joy and peace, and I am here to help you claim yours. In therapy, we will collaboratively explore the barriers that stand between you and your most authentic self so that you may live fully and enjoy who you truly are. I treat individuals and couples with a variety of issues related to body trust/kindness, trauma, LGBTQIA+-specific issues, anxiety, self-esteem, relationships, and more. My approach is collaborative and kind in nature with mindfulness, DBT, and Internal Family Systems incorporated as needed. Body respect, trust, and the principles of Health at Every Size are foundational to my approach.
Each of us is deserving of joy and peace, and I am here to help you claim yours. In therapy, we will collaboratively explore the barriers that stand between you and your most authentic self so that you may live fully and enjoy who you truly are. I treat individuals and couples with a variety of issues related to body trust/kindness, trauma, LGBTQIA+-specific issues, anxiety, self-esteem, relationships, and more. My approach is collaborative and kind in nature with mindfulness, DBT, and Internal Family Systems incorporated as needed. Body respect, trust, and the principles of Health at Every Size are foundational to my approach.
(718) 395-5958 View (718) 395-5958
Photo of Randall Warner, Marriage & Family Therapist in New York, NY
Randall Warner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
My counseling style is warm, relaxed and I like to provide a comfortable non-judgmental environment. I work with clients with a broad range of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, family issues, communication issues, death, career dilemmas and anger issues among others. I believe everyone deserves a chance to feel better. I am fascinated with everyone’s story who comes through my virtual door and it is my honor to collaborate with them. I use multiple theoretical orientations and I use them as clients needs warrant.
My counseling style is warm, relaxed and I like to provide a comfortable non-judgmental environment. I work with clients with a broad range of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, family issues, communication issues, death, career dilemmas and anger issues among others. I believe everyone deserves a chance to feel better. I am fascinated with everyone’s story who comes through my virtual door and it is my honor to collaborate with them. I use multiple theoretical orientations and I use them as clients needs warrant.
(929) 930-5499 View (929) 930-5499

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.