Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Kerstin Bennett, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kerstin Bennett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
You don't need to feel stuck anymore! Stagnation is a message that something needs to change. Processing emotions, thoughts and experiences with a therapist can help you move through life with comfort and ease. I help individuals and couples gain perspective on unhelpful thoughts and behaviors, learn to use your feelings as a guide to define your future by looking compassionately at your perception of yourself, your relationships, your health, how you have fun, and your career. Authenticity is being at home in your body which allows you to express yourself clearly; authenticity is closely linked to happiness.
You don't need to feel stuck anymore! Stagnation is a message that something needs to change. Processing emotions, thoughts and experiences with a therapist can help you move through life with comfort and ease. I help individuals and couples gain perspective on unhelpful thoughts and behaviors, learn to use your feelings as a guide to define your future by looking compassionately at your perception of yourself, your relationships, your health, how you have fun, and your career. Authenticity is being at home in your body which allows you to express yourself clearly; authenticity is closely linked to happiness.
(415) 843-8415 View (415) 843-8415
Photo of Devon Cortright, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Devon Cortright
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131
Patients who are interested in self-awareness, development of the important relationships of their lives, and experiential inquiry into their inner worlds tend to enjoy my therapeutic style.
Patients who are interested in self-awareness, development of the important relationships of their lives, and experiential inquiry into their inner worlds tend to enjoy my therapeutic style.
(415) 969-6169 View (415) 969-6169
Photo of German Cheung, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
German Cheung
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Everyone is unique. Your thoughts, feelings and needs are shaped by your own background, family history, past interpersonal encounters and other significant events, including early child trauma. Psychotherapy is an emotional process. As we discuss your concerns, it will surface unexamined parts of your life of which you may not be aware or want to experience. My central role as your therapist is to help you talk about and understand more fully these unexamined thoughts, feelings, and needs in the context of your past, develop greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance, and to bring changes to your current situation.
Everyone is unique. Your thoughts, feelings and needs are shaped by your own background, family history, past interpersonal encounters and other significant events, including early child trauma. Psychotherapy is an emotional process. As we discuss your concerns, it will surface unexamined parts of your life of which you may not be aware or want to experience. My central role as your therapist is to help you talk about and understand more fully these unexamined thoughts, feelings, and needs in the context of your past, develop greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance, and to bring changes to your current situation.
(415) 649-1916 View (415) 649-1916
Photo of Pamela Camino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Pamela Camino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
I am a licensed psychotherapist with more than 15 years of experience providing therapy to teenagers, young adults, and adults with a variety of emotional and behavioral issues. Areas of particular interest include: life transitions, relationship issues, divorce/separation, birth, parenting, aging, career transitions, and grief and loss.
I am a licensed psychotherapist with more than 15 years of experience providing therapy to teenagers, young adults, and adults with a variety of emotional and behavioral issues. Areas of particular interest include: life transitions, relationship issues, divorce/separation, birth, parenting, aging, career transitions, and grief and loss.
(209) 457-5958 View (209) 457-5958
Photo of Therapy Lab San Francisco, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Therapy Lab San Francisco
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94112  (Online Only)
Therapy Lab offers individual teletherapy that's based on a plan. Visit our website (therapylab.com) to explore a menu of treatment plans based on common goals for therapy. With your input, we'll make a plan that's based on your goals, your timeline, and your budget. Our science-based plans are designed to support you in overcoming distress (anxiety, relationship problems, work stress) so you walk away with emotional health and insight. At your first session, your exceptionally qualified therapist will get to know you and pick or design a plan that’s customized to your situation.
Therapy Lab offers individual teletherapy that's based on a plan. Visit our website (therapylab.com) to explore a menu of treatment plans based on common goals for therapy. With your input, we'll make a plan that's based on your goals, your timeline, and your budget. Our science-based plans are designed to support you in overcoming distress (anxiety, relationship problems, work stress) so you walk away with emotional health and insight. At your first session, your exceptionally qualified therapist will get to know you and pick or design a plan that’s customized to your situation.
(213) 376-3455 View (213) 376-3455
Photo of Liz (Hayman) Flick, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Liz (Hayman) Flick
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
We all find ourselves at times where we feel lost and confused. Things in our lives may not be going the way we want or we may find ourselves coming up against repeated stumbling blocks in certain areas of our lives. I believe that therapy can help us reconnect to parts of ourselves that we have forgotten about or lost track of. Having these parts back on board helps us to find deeper connection with ourselves, others and the world around us and leads to greater life fulfillment.
We all find ourselves at times where we feel lost and confused. Things in our lives may not be going the way we want or we may find ourselves coming up against repeated stumbling blocks in certain areas of our lives. I believe that therapy can help us reconnect to parts of ourselves that we have forgotten about or lost track of. Having these parts back on board helps us to find deeper connection with ourselves, others and the world around us and leads to greater life fulfillment.
(415) 488-8144 View (415) 488-8144
Photo of Rose Markotic, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rose Markotic
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
My counseling style is warm, empathetic, and collaborative. Together we will examine the areas you'd like to focus on in therapy and establish goals. I will ask for your active participation and introduce tools to help you reduce symptoms, build more positive thinking, and establish lifelong skills. I use a TEAM-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach and integrate Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction methods into my practice.
My counseling style is warm, empathetic, and collaborative. Together we will examine the areas you'd like to focus on in therapy and establish goals. I will ask for your active participation and introduce tools to help you reduce symptoms, build more positive thinking, and establish lifelong skills. I use a TEAM-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach and integrate Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction methods into my practice.
(415) 727-8107 View (415) 727-8107
Photo of Lee Rather, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Lee Rather
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
I am a Licensed Psychologist who works with adults in psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, and couples therapy, Over the last 25 years, I have helped people with a wide range of problems including depression, anxiety, substance abuse, sexual concerns, interpersonal relationship issues, career obstacles, blocks in creativity, and the process of coming to terms with difficult and traumatic life situations. Usually my work extends further in helping people discover and develop a more lively and authentic sense of self, which in turn brings a sense of deeper meaningfulness and engagement in life.
I am a Licensed Psychologist who works with adults in psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, and couples therapy, Over the last 25 years, I have helped people with a wide range of problems including depression, anxiety, substance abuse, sexual concerns, interpersonal relationship issues, career obstacles, blocks in creativity, and the process of coming to terms with difficult and traumatic life situations. Usually my work extends further in helping people discover and develop a more lively and authentic sense of self, which in turn brings a sense of deeper meaningfulness and engagement in life.
(415) 763-5972 View (415) 763-5972
Photo of Elizabeth Lebrun- Arrow Psychotherapy, Registered Psychological Associate in San Francisco, CA
Elizabeth Lebrun- Arrow Psychotherapy
Registered Psychological Associate, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
My style is warm, non-judgmental, and collaborative; I believe the therapeutic relationship is the strongest predictor of successful therapy. I listen to your unique story with deep curiosity while being proactive and engaged in sharing feedback. I strive for you to feel cared for and heard while experiencing a safe and authentic connection. My goal is for us to develop a deeper understanding of what brings you to therapy while providing effective tools for lasting change.
My style is warm, non-judgmental, and collaborative; I believe the therapeutic relationship is the strongest predictor of successful therapy. I listen to your unique story with deep curiosity while being proactive and engaged in sharing feedback. I strive for you to feel cared for and heard while experiencing a safe and authentic connection. My goal is for us to develop a deeper understanding of what brings you to therapy while providing effective tools for lasting change.
(415) 360-0413 View (415) 360-0413
Photo of Smadar Salzman, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Smadar Salzman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
27 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Do you keep getting hurt in relationships? Keep attracting the same toxic, unavailable partners that make you doubt yourself & leave you feeling anxious & depressed? If you grew up with family dysfunction, neglect, abuse, addicted, or mentally ill parents- adult relationships can be hard! Sometimes what you're drawn to isn't good for you. You're tired of feeling stuck in the same painful patterns. You're ready to finally heal. Ready to stop feeling hurt, damaged, & broken and start feeling loved and connected. Let's address the real impact of your past trauma on your relationships and take practical steps to free you from your past!
Do you keep getting hurt in relationships? Keep attracting the same toxic, unavailable partners that make you doubt yourself & leave you feeling anxious & depressed? If you grew up with family dysfunction, neglect, abuse, addicted, or mentally ill parents- adult relationships can be hard! Sometimes what you're drawn to isn't good for you. You're tired of feeling stuck in the same painful patterns. You're ready to finally heal. Ready to stop feeling hurt, damaged, & broken and start feeling loved and connected. Let's address the real impact of your past trauma on your relationships and take practical steps to free you from your past!
(415) 702-0360 View (415) 702-0360
Photo of Jennifer Guittard, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jennifer Guittard
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
It is my belief that fear, sadness, alienation, painful relationships and other causes of deep emotional distress do not need to be permanent. I am compassionate, patient, and take a personalized, flexible, holistic approach to each person. In therapy, we will explore thoughts, feelings, current and past relationships, trauma/s, early life, passions and anything of importance to you in order to help you live a more fulfilling and satisfying life.
It is my belief that fear, sadness, alienation, painful relationships and other causes of deep emotional distress do not need to be permanent. I am compassionate, patient, and take a personalized, flexible, holistic approach to each person. In therapy, we will explore thoughts, feelings, current and past relationships, trauma/s, early life, passions and anything of importance to you in order to help you live a more fulfilling and satisfying life.
(415) 943-0550 View (415) 943-0550
Photo of Becca F. Barnett, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Becca F. Barnett
Psychologist, MS, MDiv, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Waitlist for new clients
As a licensed psychologist skilled in providing psychotherapy that addresses the full spectrum of human experience, I collaborate with you to attain healing and resolution of your problems, advance in your growth and transformation, and increasingly realize your potential. I facilitate the integration of your sense of identity, purpose, and values with the way you live your life to endow it with greater authenticity and meaning. As an Episcopal priest and Buddhist practitioner, I foster your spiritual development and worldly integration. In these ways, I assist you in the creation of a more peaceful, happy, and fulfilling life.
As a licensed psychologist skilled in providing psychotherapy that addresses the full spectrum of human experience, I collaborate with you to attain healing and resolution of your problems, advance in your growth and transformation, and increasingly realize your potential. I facilitate the integration of your sense of identity, purpose, and values with the way you live your life to endow it with greater authenticity and meaning. As an Episcopal priest and Buddhist practitioner, I foster your spiritual development and worldly integration. In these ways, I assist you in the creation of a more peaceful, happy, and fulfilling life.
(415) 801-8173 View (415) 801-8173
Photo of Dr. Lisa Choi, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Lisa Choi
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Dr. Lisa Choi is a licensed Clinical Psycholgist with experience in evidence and research-driven approaches that decrease avoidance and suffering related to PTSD/trauma, help individuals with anxious or avoidant attachment move towards secure relationships, and support individuals with achieving optimal well-being while navigating high-performance careers. Dr. Choi blends psychological expertise and coaching to help individuals with higher impact, purposeful decision-making.
Dr. Lisa Choi is a licensed Clinical Psycholgist with experience in evidence and research-driven approaches that decrease avoidance and suffering related to PTSD/trauma, help individuals with anxious or avoidant attachment move towards secure relationships, and support individuals with achieving optimal well-being while navigating high-performance careers. Dr. Choi blends psychological expertise and coaching to help individuals with higher impact, purposeful decision-making.
(415) 949-3382 View (415) 949-3382
Photo of Anthony F Jannetti, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Anthony F Jannetti
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
I have been a therapist for over 25 years and have worked in many different settings. I am very experienced in treating people with a broad spectrum of psychological problems. I have a long history of treating people who have experienced different types of trauma from sexual abuse to the effects of living in a war zone. I can help people who experience anxiety and depression and relationship issues. I am trained in cognitive behavior therapy but have studied many other treatment modalities. I am a teaching and supervising member of the International Integrative Psychotherapy Association.
I have been a therapist for over 25 years and have worked in many different settings. I am very experienced in treating people with a broad spectrum of psychological problems. I have a long history of treating people who have experienced different types of trauma from sexual abuse to the effects of living in a war zone. I can help people who experience anxiety and depression and relationship issues. I am trained in cognitive behavior therapy but have studied many other treatment modalities. I am a teaching and supervising member of the International Integrative Psychotherapy Association.
(415) 299-8381 View (415) 299-8381
Photo of Kylie Dayan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kylie Dayan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122
Not accepting new clients
I believe to feel truly seen and heard in an authentic and deep way is one of the greatest gifts that we can give and receive. I center my work around meaningful connection. I feel that therapy is a reciprocal process where we are both working as partners in helping you reach your goals; to find a place of ease, understanding, and strength and to move through life feeling more centered and fulfilled.
I believe to feel truly seen and heard in an authentic and deep way is one of the greatest gifts that we can give and receive. I center my work around meaningful connection. I feel that therapy is a reciprocal process where we are both working as partners in helping you reach your goals; to find a place of ease, understanding, and strength and to move through life feeling more centered and fulfilled.
(628) 259-6919 View (628) 259-6919
Photo of Emily Wolf McMane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Emily Wolf McMane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with women, young adults, trauma survivors, and individuals grappling with identity issues, finding purpose in life, and experiencing major life changes. You are not broken, and I am not here to heal you, fix you, rescue you, or make you better. I am here to support you on your journey to discovering your authentic self and releasing old stories and patterns of behaviors that no longer serve you so that you may live a happier, healthier, and more fulfilling life.
I specialize in working with women, young adults, trauma survivors, and individuals grappling with identity issues, finding purpose in life, and experiencing major life changes. You are not broken, and I am not here to heal you, fix you, rescue you, or make you better. I am here to support you on your journey to discovering your authentic self and releasing old stories and patterns of behaviors that no longer serve you so that you may live a happier, healthier, and more fulfilling life.
(707) 615-0653 View (707) 615-0653
Photo of Shevi Loewinger, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Shevi Loewinger
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
We all experience some level of depression, anxiety and low self esteem at some point in our lives. It can feel lonely and isolating. It affects our desires and aliveness, our ability to feel joy, fulfillment, and connection. We are craving to be understood and seen and have more clarity about our place in the world. We crave to find peace, self love and love from others. Healing starts with our relationship, client and therapist. Together we build a safe and brave space to meet the fears, to rediscover your intuition and creativity and to understand your unique experience, needs and wants.
We all experience some level of depression, anxiety and low self esteem at some point in our lives. It can feel lonely and isolating. It affects our desires and aliveness, our ability to feel joy, fulfillment, and connection. We are craving to be understood and seen and have more clarity about our place in the world. We crave to find peace, self love and love from others. Healing starts with our relationship, client and therapist. Together we build a safe and brave space to meet the fears, to rediscover your intuition and creativity and to understand your unique experience, needs and wants.
(415) 319-8665 View (415) 319-8665
Photo of Navie Sandhu, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Navie Sandhu
Psychologist, PsyD, MPH
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Life has a funny way of throwing us off balance, am I right? I’m Navie (Navneet) Sandhu, PsyD, MPH, a licensed Clinical Psychologist and I'm here to help you navigate those bumps in the road. With a wealth of experience gained during my tenure at Kaiser Permanente and my postdoctoral fellowship in the Health Psychology program at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco, I am well-equipped to assist you in your story.
Life has a funny way of throwing us off balance, am I right? I’m Navie (Navneet) Sandhu, PsyD, MPH, a licensed Clinical Psychologist and I'm here to help you navigate those bumps in the road. With a wealth of experience gained during my tenure at Kaiser Permanente and my postdoctoral fellowship in the Health Psychology program at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco, I am well-equipped to assist you in your story.
(628) 240-0367 View (628) 240-0367
Photo of Elizabeth Huck, Associate Clinical Social Worker in San Francisco, CA
Elizabeth Huck
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, DBT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
The toll of trauma, stress, anxiety, & depression builds over time, things that once seemed manageable turn into a life that's not our own, because we're stuck in survival mode. It's exhausting. As a therapist, my goal is to collaborate with you to safely navigate your inner landscape and put pieces together so you can uncover your unique abilities and create a mental health toolkit that will carry you through a lifetime. I am here to support you in working through unresolved feelings and conflicts and guide you toward healing. Therefore, you can feel empowered, rejuvenated, and enthusiastic about life again.
The toll of trauma, stress, anxiety, & depression builds over time, things that once seemed manageable turn into a life that's not our own, because we're stuck in survival mode. It's exhausting. As a therapist, my goal is to collaborate with you to safely navigate your inner landscape and put pieces together so you can uncover your unique abilities and create a mental health toolkit that will carry you through a lifetime. I am here to support you in working through unresolved feelings and conflicts and guide you toward healing. Therefore, you can feel empowered, rejuvenated, and enthusiastic about life again.
(415) 965-3781 View (415) 965-3781
Photo of Meredith Holmes, Psychological Associate in San Francisco, CA
Meredith Holmes
Psychological Associate, MSW, MSCP
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
I am a dedicated and compassionate mental health professional with over 6 years of experience as a psychotherapist and over 16 years of experience as a social worker. I support and empower clients who have a range of concerns including adjusting to life transitions, relationship challenges, exploring various aspects of identity (i.e., race, sexuality, gender), trauma, grief and loss, navigating the world as a neurodivergent person, and more. When appropriate, I utilize humor in the therapy room, and I also welcome exploring creative ways of healing through avenues such as art, music, and play.
I am a dedicated and compassionate mental health professional with over 6 years of experience as a psychotherapist and over 16 years of experience as a social worker. I support and empower clients who have a range of concerns including adjusting to life transitions, relationship challenges, exploring various aspects of identity (i.e., race, sexuality, gender), trauma, grief and loss, navigating the world as a neurodivergent person, and more. When appropriate, I utilize humor in the therapy room, and I also welcome exploring creative ways of healing through avenues such as art, music, and play.
(415) 874-0759 View (415) 874-0759

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.