Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

View neighborhoods in Pittsburgh
Photo of Julia Movra, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Julia Movra
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
With empathy, kindness and humor, I hope to help my clients find their sense of calm, self-worth, and a life worth living. I’d love to work with you if you are interested in taking the time to explore and process difficult thoughts, patterns, and your past in order to gain a better understanding of yourself as an individual and who you would like to be. My hope is to help you feel safe while you process vulnerable thoughts and feelings, learn new ways of coping, and begin your journey of healing.
With empathy, kindness and humor, I hope to help my clients find their sense of calm, self-worth, and a life worth living. I’d love to work with you if you are interested in taking the time to explore and process difficult thoughts, patterns, and your past in order to gain a better understanding of yourself as an individual and who you would like to be. My hope is to help you feel safe while you process vulnerable thoughts and feelings, learn new ways of coping, and begin your journey of healing.
(412) 910-1906 View (412) 910-1906
Photo of Farrah Woodring, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Farrah Woodring
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15211  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
If you experienced sexual violence in the PA, ask me about ways to cover your therapy costs. I believe that each person has the answer to create meaningful change; my job is to guide folx as they find these answers and teach skills to make it a little easier. I specialize in trauma, abuse, sexual violence, PTSD, and pregnancy and postpartum. I also experience working with folx facing various challenges, including life transitions, relationship difficulties, self-esteem, stress, identity formation, intimacy, and sex. I am experienced in working with queer, sex worker, kink, polyamorous, and previously incarcerated folx.
If you experienced sexual violence in the PA, ask me about ways to cover your therapy costs. I believe that each person has the answer to create meaningful change; my job is to guide folx as they find these answers and teach skills to make it a little easier. I specialize in trauma, abuse, sexual violence, PTSD, and pregnancy and postpartum. I also experience working with folx facing various challenges, including life transitions, relationship difficulties, self-esteem, stress, identity formation, intimacy, and sex. I am experienced in working with queer, sex worker, kink, polyamorous, and previously incarcerated folx.
(412) 538-6539 View (412) 538-6539
Photo of Gina Veschio, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Gina Veschio
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15229  (Online Only)
When we feel stuck with our uncomfortable feelings or overwhelming circumstances, therapy can help us discover options to shift into something new. I strive to help clients identify and meet their needs in a healthier way, set appropriate boundaries, navigate crises without destruction, and feel supported when ending or beginning a relationship, career or life stage. I believe that we are all impacted by our families of origin (and honestly, almost anyone and anything around us), but that doesn’t mean we need to be held hostage by the past OR the present. Your feelings matter. You matter. Let's work together on getting unstuck.
When we feel stuck with our uncomfortable feelings or overwhelming circumstances, therapy can help us discover options to shift into something new. I strive to help clients identify and meet their needs in a healthier way, set appropriate boundaries, navigate crises without destruction, and feel supported when ending or beginning a relationship, career or life stage. I believe that we are all impacted by our families of origin (and honestly, almost anyone and anything around us), but that doesn’t mean we need to be held hostage by the past OR the present. Your feelings matter. You matter. Let's work together on getting unstuck.
(412) 561-9566 View (412) 561-9566
Photo of Neal Holmes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Neal Holmes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MS, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15213  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Neal Holmes. I am a believer in holistic and collaborative therapy. Bearing witness to your lived experience is an honor, because we are all striving to live and build relationships the best way we know how as people. I like to help my clients find their passion in life, remove blocks that are keeping them from being their authentic self, and live the life they wish to live with their dreams and hopes fulfilled.
Hi, I’m Neal Holmes. I am a believer in holistic and collaborative therapy. Bearing witness to your lived experience is an honor, because we are all striving to live and build relationships the best way we know how as people. I like to help my clients find their passion in life, remove blocks that are keeping them from being their authentic self, and live the life they wish to live with their dreams and hopes fulfilled.
(412) 530-4360 View (412) 530-4360
Photo of Alexander Aronson, Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Alexander Aronson
Counselor, LPCA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15219  (Online Only)
Alexander Aronson, LPCA is a licensed therapist in Kentucky specializing in providing psychoanalysis, as well as psycho-dynamic psychotherapy. If you’re unfamiliar with these terms, don’t worry–psychoanalysis is often called “the talking cure”, and, if we work together, speaking freely, openly, and honestly about your struggles is precisely what you’ll be invited to do in the company of a non-judgmental, attentive, and curious listener who can help you to understand and experience yourself and your problems in new and laboratory ways.
Alexander Aronson, LPCA is a licensed therapist in Kentucky specializing in providing psychoanalysis, as well as psycho-dynamic psychotherapy. If you’re unfamiliar with these terms, don’t worry–psychoanalysis is often called “the talking cure”, and, if we work together, speaking freely, openly, and honestly about your struggles is precisely what you’ll be invited to do in the company of a non-judgmental, attentive, and curious listener who can help you to understand and experience yourself and your problems in new and laboratory ways.
(412) 567-4076 View (412) 567-4076
Photo of Maria Del Toro, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Maria Del Toro
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15219  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Currently offering only daytime availability! Majority of my experience focuses on relational trauma, ADHD, communication skills, boundary setting, exploring/understanding historical trauma, couples counseling, first gen struggles/challenges, assisting Latinx clients with cultural issues, addiction challenges, BPIOC support, Neurodivergent support, life transitions, and reproductive mental health.
Currently offering only daytime availability! Majority of my experience focuses on relational trauma, ADHD, communication skills, boundary setting, exploring/understanding historical trauma, couples counseling, first gen struggles/challenges, assisting Latinx clients with cultural issues, addiction challenges, BPIOC support, Neurodivergent support, life transitions, and reproductive mental health.
(724) 860-3340 View (724) 860-3340
Photo of Naomi P. Tucker, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Naomi P. Tucker
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15216
Are you facing times of change and loss, searching for personal meaning? I have worked with people with depression, anxiety, trauma, addictions, codependency, relationship issues, and many other challenges. I believe every experience is an opportunity for growth, and I'm dedicated to helping you find your path forward. Let's navigate this journey together.
Are you facing times of change and loss, searching for personal meaning? I have worked with people with depression, anxiety, trauma, addictions, codependency, relationship issues, and many other challenges. I believe every experience is an opportunity for growth, and I'm dedicated to helping you find your path forward. Let's navigate this journey together.
(412) 900-2503 View (412) 900-2503
Photo of Courtney Pfohlman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Courtney Pfohlman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15210  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who specializes working with adults and couples. I am an EMDR trained clinician and have a history of working with clients in treatment facilities for substance use disorders, co-occuring disorders including trauma and anxiety, and completing forensic assessments.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who specializes working with adults and couples. I am an EMDR trained clinician and have a history of working with clients in treatment facilities for substance use disorders, co-occuring disorders including trauma and anxiety, and completing forensic assessments.
(702) 329-4261 View (702) 329-4261
Photo of Dr. Yisroel (Jonathan) King, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Dr. Yisroel (Jonathan) King
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Yisroel is a clinician at Cardigan Psychological, LLC. He has had extensive training in providing child and adolescent individual therapy, structural family therapy, and school and home-based interventions. His experience includes working in therapeutic and educational settings with children and adolescents struggling with a variety of difficulties including behavioral disorders, depression, trauma, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, and many other mental health concerns.
Yisroel is a clinician at Cardigan Psychological, LLC. He has had extensive training in providing child and adolescent individual therapy, structural family therapy, and school and home-based interventions. His experience includes working in therapeutic and educational settings with children and adolescents struggling with a variety of difficulties including behavioral disorders, depression, trauma, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, and many other mental health concerns.
(724) 573-3647 View (724) 573-3647
Photo of Julisa Holmes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Julisa Holmes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15212  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is Julisa. As a Philadelphia native and person of color, I am driven by my desire to provide healthy representation of breaking generational trauma I longed to see available for myself and loved ones during various trials in our lives. I’ve used my wealth of professional and personal experience in community behavioral health and private practice settings to work as a team with people that are trying to create senses of stability, fulfillment and self-understanding in their lives. I aim to get rid of stigmas related to seeking professional help. Everyone deserves access to meaningful ways of healing without being labeled.
Hi! My name is Julisa. As a Philadelphia native and person of color, I am driven by my desire to provide healthy representation of breaking generational trauma I longed to see available for myself and loved ones during various trials in our lives. I’ve used my wealth of professional and personal experience in community behavioral health and private practice settings to work as a team with people that are trying to create senses of stability, fulfillment and self-understanding in their lives. I aim to get rid of stigmas related to seeking professional help. Everyone deserves access to meaningful ways of healing without being labeled.
(412) 365-4590 View (412) 365-4590
Photo of North Hills Psychological Services, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
North Hills Psychological Services
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
Both teletherapy and in-office appointments are available. We are in-network providers for both Highmark and UPMC (excluding UPMC for You). In addition to regular office hours, evening and weekend appointments are usually available. Our practice is staffed by 6 experienced, licensed PhD and Master's level psychologists and therapists. Call 412 367-1481, ext 1. Or, email us for general information. We are located less than 10 min. away from 279, so we are accessible to individuals living in the city. Our web site is http://www.nhpsych.com . We are also providers for out of state BC/BS. Some providers accept Optum, UBH and Aetna.
Both teletherapy and in-office appointments are available. We are in-network providers for both Highmark and UPMC (excluding UPMC for You). In addition to regular office hours, evening and weekend appointments are usually available. Our practice is staffed by 6 experienced, licensed PhD and Master's level psychologists and therapists. Call 412 367-1481, ext 1. Or, email us for general information. We are located less than 10 min. away from 279, so we are accessible to individuals living in the city. Our web site is http://www.nhpsych.com . We are also providers for out of state BC/BS. Some providers accept Optum, UBH and Aetna.
(412) 328-2799 x1 View (412) 328-2799 x1
Photo of Dafna Rehavia-Hanauer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Dafna Rehavia-Hanauer
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I do not take new clients at themoment. Sorry. I am sensitive to cultures and social diversity. I focus on changes through life, transitions and loss. Specialize in eating disorders, relationships; coping with emotional/behavioral distress, identity struggle and women's issues. All ages and nationalities are welcome. I am an experienced psychotherapist combining art modality and gestalt techniques as a communication method in the therapeutic process. I believe in the ability of the person to achieve internal and external balanced state of being. I often use creative and artistic .
I do not take new clients at themoment. Sorry. I am sensitive to cultures and social diversity. I focus on changes through life, transitions and loss. Specialize in eating disorders, relationships; coping with emotional/behavioral distress, identity struggle and women's issues. All ages and nationalities are welcome. I am an experienced psychotherapist combining art modality and gestalt techniques as a communication method in the therapeutic process. I believe in the ability of the person to achieve internal and external balanced state of being. I often use creative and artistic .
(412) 567-6027 View (412) 567-6027
Photo of Joseph H Altman, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Joseph H Altman
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
I provide a positive, supportive, environment where clients have an opportunity to be heard, and to be healed of their emotional pain and fears. My approach is to meet people where they are and to encourage a shift in thinking from negative and fearful, to positive and hopeful. I specialize in the treatment of PTSD associated with childhood trauma, sexual abuse, losses and addictions. The goal is to help neutralize the anxiety, depression, guilt, shame and fears that are the symptoms of the trauma or addiction. The goal is to: "Learn to love, accept and forgive yourself because you are doing the best you can."
I provide a positive, supportive, environment where clients have an opportunity to be heard, and to be healed of their emotional pain and fears. My approach is to meet people where they are and to encourage a shift in thinking from negative and fearful, to positive and hopeful. I specialize in the treatment of PTSD associated with childhood trauma, sexual abuse, losses and addictions. The goal is to help neutralize the anxiety, depression, guilt, shame and fears that are the symptoms of the trauma or addiction. The goal is to: "Learn to love, accept and forgive yourself because you are doing the best you can."
(724) 505-4016 View (724) 505-4016
Photo of Carli C. King, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Carli C. King
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15235  (Online Only)
Hey, I’m Carli, a licensed therapist who specializes in helping people improve their relationships and mental health. If you're feeling stuck in cycles of conflict or uncertainty, I can help you find meaningful connections with yourself and others.
Hey, I’m Carli, a licensed therapist who specializes in helping people improve their relationships and mental health. If you're feeling stuck in cycles of conflict or uncertainty, I can help you find meaningful connections with yourself and others.
(878) 302-0103 View (878) 302-0103
Photo of Julie Barry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Julie Barry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Hey there! Certified in perinatal mental health and deeply passionate about supporting women through all stages of life, including fertility challenges, parenting issues, and navigating racial and workplace trauma. Feeling stuck? Wondering why you keep repeating the same patterns or behaviors? Struggling with troubling memories or barriers that are holding you back from finding stability in relationships? Let's tackle these obstacles together! My goal is to empower you to strengthen your focus and deepen your understanding of yourself. Because once we have that clarity, we can create the life you truly want.
Hey there! Certified in perinatal mental health and deeply passionate about supporting women through all stages of life, including fertility challenges, parenting issues, and navigating racial and workplace trauma. Feeling stuck? Wondering why you keep repeating the same patterns or behaviors? Struggling with troubling memories or barriers that are holding you back from finding stability in relationships? Let's tackle these obstacles together! My goal is to empower you to strengthen your focus and deepen your understanding of yourself. Because once we have that clarity, we can create the life you truly want.
(814) 929-3322 View (814) 929-3322
Photo of Mandy Kushner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Mandy Kushner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, CCTP, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
I strive to create a relaxed, supportive and positive environment for my clients during each counseling session, because I understand how difficult and scary it can be for clients to disclose personal information. I show my clients respect, honesty, compassion and I listen without judgement. I make sure my clients feel heard, validated, supported and gain insight. I have 22 years of experience working with children, adolescents and adults in a variety of settings which include: Outpatient, Home/Community, School-Based, Psychiatric Hospitals and Primary Care Physician Offices.
I strive to create a relaxed, supportive and positive environment for my clients during each counseling session, because I understand how difficult and scary it can be for clients to disclose personal information. I show my clients respect, honesty, compassion and I listen without judgement. I make sure my clients feel heard, validated, supported and gain insight. I have 22 years of experience working with children, adolescents and adults in a variety of settings which include: Outpatient, Home/Community, School-Based, Psychiatric Hospitals and Primary Care Physician Offices.
(412) 999-2244 View (412) 999-2244
Photo of Thomas J Stokes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Thomas J Stokes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ACSW, LCSW, BCD, RN
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15223
My goal is to collaborate with you in a safe, caring environment to help you grow and develop in ways that are meaningful to you. I will partner with you in a holistic manner and tailor approaches designed to your unique set of circumstances. I particularly welcome past or present members of the military, military families, and anyone associated with military members and their families.
My goal is to collaborate with you in a safe, caring environment to help you grow and develop in ways that are meaningful to you. I will partner with you in a holistic manner and tailor approaches designed to your unique set of circumstances. I particularly welcome past or present members of the military, military families, and anyone associated with military members and their families.
(412) 246-8318 View (412) 246-8318
Photo of Bob Groman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Bob Groman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DCSW
Not Verified Not Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Many of my clients are referred for treatment of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and related symptoms, marital issues, as well as depression and anxiety. I frequently find that ADHD is an underpinning of other emotional, work and interpersonal issues, but has never been diagnosed. Clients often seek relief from "stress" without realizing the impact of ADHD on their lifestyle, choices etc., which often leads to that stress.
Many of my clients are referred for treatment of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and related symptoms, marital issues, as well as depression and anxiety. I frequently find that ADHD is an underpinning of other emotional, work and interpersonal issues, but has never been diagnosed. Clients often seek relief from "stress" without realizing the impact of ADHD on their lifestyle, choices etc., which often leads to that stress.
(724) 248-2687 View (724) 248-2687
Photo of Maya Nicole in Pittsburgh, PA
Maya Nicole
MSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15224  (Online Only)
Do you keep finding yourself in the same painful loops in your life, emotions, & relationships? It’s my goal to help you understand where the patterns & behaviors that cause you pain and suffering originate from. I will guide you to acceptance & non judgement for the parts of yourself that seem unlovable. Together, we will explore how your early life experiences shaped the way you see yourself & the world now. Compassionately, through somatic work, shadow work & inner child work, we will heal & rewire thought & behavioral patterns from the root of where they stem so that you can find empowerment, authenticity, fulfillment, and joy.
Do you keep finding yourself in the same painful loops in your life, emotions, & relationships? It’s my goal to help you understand where the patterns & behaviors that cause you pain and suffering originate from. I will guide you to acceptance & non judgement for the parts of yourself that seem unlovable. Together, we will explore how your early life experiences shaped the way you see yourself & the world now. Compassionately, through somatic work, shadow work & inner child work, we will heal & rewire thought & behavioral patterns from the root of where they stem so that you can find empowerment, authenticity, fulfillment, and joy.
(412) 837-0509 View (412) 837-0509
Photo of Brenda Slagle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Brenda Slagle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Brenda Slagle is a Nationally Board Certified Counselor (NCC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Pennsylvania with over 6 years of experience. Brenda specializes in treating clients with complex PTSD, major depression, panic disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, addiction, social anxiety, bipolar, and others. She completed her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from the University of Pittsburgh and her Master's degree in Professional Counseling from Carlow University.
Brenda Slagle is a Nationally Board Certified Counselor (NCC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Pennsylvania with over 6 years of experience. Brenda specializes in treating clients with complex PTSD, major depression, panic disorder, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, addiction, social anxiety, bipolar, and others. She completed her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from the University of Pittsburgh and her Master's degree in Professional Counseling from Carlow University.
(412) 312-3960 View (412) 312-3960

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.