Therapists in Ridgefield, CT

Photo of Olivia Giacoppi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Olivia Giacoppi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ridgefield, CT 06877
Olivia is a graduate of New York University with a Master’s Degree in Social Work, and of Manhattan College with a Bachelor’s Degree in Sociology. She is skilled in working with individuals struggling with grief and loss, trauma, depression, anxiety, and life transitions. Olivia has considerable experience supporting those facing chronic and terminal illnesses - as well as their caregivers. Specializing in adults and older adults, Olivia utilizes a non-judgmental, strengths-based approach that is warm, compassionate, and collaborative.
Olivia is a graduate of New York University with a Master’s Degree in Social Work, and of Manhattan College with a Bachelor’s Degree in Sociology. She is skilled in working with individuals struggling with grief and loss, trauma, depression, anxiety, and life transitions. Olivia has considerable experience supporting those facing chronic and terminal illnesses - as well as their caregivers. Specializing in adults and older adults, Olivia utilizes a non-judgmental, strengths-based approach that is warm, compassionate, and collaborative.
(475) 471-1695 View (475) 471-1695
Photo of Erika Daniels, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, NCC
Erika Daniels
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, NCC
4 Endorsed
Ridgefield, CT 06877
Now accepting new clients. In network with insurance. I have experience working with professionals, executives and older adults struggling with depression, anxiety, emotional sensitivity, burnout, substance use, work stress, relationship issues, life transitions and retirement. I use an eclectic style that incorporates modalities such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) and more. I do this all from a client-centered counseling perspective and I can teach you coping skills to manage your stress more effectively.
Now accepting new clients. In network with insurance. I have experience working with professionals, executives and older adults struggling with depression, anxiety, emotional sensitivity, burnout, substance use, work stress, relationship issues, life transitions and retirement. I use an eclectic style that incorporates modalities such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) and more. I do this all from a client-centered counseling perspective and I can teach you coping skills to manage your stress more effectively.
(203) 587-8481 View (203) 587-8481
Photo of Christen Susanne Carnes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Christen Susanne Carnes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ridgefield, CT 06877
Are you experiencing anxiety, depression, or just feeling overwhelmed by life's daily stressors and just need a space and a professional to talk to? Are you looking for healthier coping skills and lifestyle? If so, I want to help you understand your situation and assist you with making the changes you've been eager to execute but haven't been sure how to. Together, we can work on identifying the root causes to your emotions and behaviors and create an individualized plan to work through them so that you can accomplish your goals.
Are you experiencing anxiety, depression, or just feeling overwhelmed by life's daily stressors and just need a space and a professional to talk to? Are you looking for healthier coping skills and lifestyle? If so, I want to help you understand your situation and assist you with making the changes you've been eager to execute but haven't been sure how to. Together, we can work on identifying the root causes to your emotions and behaviors and create an individualized plan to work through them so that you can accomplish your goals.
(475) 265-6918 View (475) 265-6918
Photo of Clare Kane, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Clare Kane
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Clients can expect to leave sessions with me feeling heard, affirmed, and challenged to think about themselves and their perspectives more compassionately. They can expect to gain insight into the origins of long-held patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that may be hurting them in the present moment. They can also expect to learn new ways of seeing themselves that can help them heal and flourish now and in the future.
Clients can expect to leave sessions with me feeling heard, affirmed, and challenged to think about themselves and their perspectives more compassionately. They can expect to gain insight into the origins of long-held patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that may be hurting them in the present moment. They can also expect to learn new ways of seeing themselves that can help them heal and flourish now and in the future.
(475) 256-0434 View (475) 256-0434
Photo of Connie Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Connie Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Ridgefield, CT 06877
Each of us are a work in progress. At different times in our lives we may need some help along the way. If you're having a difficult time in life and would like someone to help you develop the skills and techniques to live the life you want, one filled with positive thoughts and behaviors; stronger, healthier relationships, as well as a life filled with gratitude and satisfaction, I would love the opportunity to help you achieve your goals.
Each of us are a work in progress. At different times in our lives we may need some help along the way. If you're having a difficult time in life and would like someone to help you develop the skills and techniques to live the life you want, one filled with positive thoughts and behaviors; stronger, healthier relationships, as well as a life filled with gratitude and satisfaction, I would love the opportunity to help you achieve your goals.
(475) 243-7201 View (475) 243-7201
Photo of Miranda Luis, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Miranda Luis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I have experience working with teens, young adults, adults, couples, and families struggling with anxiety, depression, OCD, mood disorders, grief, trauma/PTSD, amongst other areas. I am experienced working with first responders, military, spousal support, along with those in the LGBTQ+ community. As a military spouse involved within the military and first responder community, I have dedicated part of my counseling career to crisis & trauma counseling to help provide a renewed perspective on life and regain a sense of self again. I hold a CT LPC & VT telehealth lic- VT clients: Tricare or self pay only at this time.
I have experience working with teens, young adults, adults, couples, and families struggling with anxiety, depression, OCD, mood disorders, grief, trauma/PTSD, amongst other areas. I am experienced working with first responders, military, spousal support, along with those in the LGBTQ+ community. As a military spouse involved within the military and first responder community, I have dedicated part of my counseling career to crisis & trauma counseling to help provide a renewed perspective on life and regain a sense of self again. I hold a CT LPC & VT telehealth lic- VT clients: Tricare or self pay only at this time.
(475) 405-3769 View (475) 405-3769
Photo of Michelle Vincoli- DiRoma, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Michelle Vincoli- DiRoma
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
2 Endorsed
Ridgefield, CT 06877
My style is individualized, interactive and compassionate. My aim is to foster self exploration in a safe and non-judgmental environment and to provide tools to enhance the quality of your life. Together we will take a deep dive into your "Space within", where you can safely explore and work through feelings, thoughts, and beliefs that may be keeping you from fulfilling your inner potential. If you are seeking to improve your life please come and find yourself at The Space Within-Wellness with Michelle Vincoli, LPC
My style is individualized, interactive and compassionate. My aim is to foster self exploration in a safe and non-judgmental environment and to provide tools to enhance the quality of your life. Together we will take a deep dive into your "Space within", where you can safely explore and work through feelings, thoughts, and beliefs that may be keeping you from fulfilling your inner potential. If you are seeking to improve your life please come and find yourself at The Space Within-Wellness with Michelle Vincoli, LPC
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Photo of Casey Lowth, Counselor, MS, LPC, LMHC
Casey Lowth
Counselor, MS, LPC, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Ridgefield, CT 06877
I specialize in helping children, adolescents and young adults build social skills and find healthy ways to cope with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, peer conflict, and family conflict. With ten years of professional practice experience, I know that providing consistency, positivity, and honesty are the foundation for building a therapeutic relationship. This foundation can help children, adolescents and young adults increase insight, awareness, and a deeper understanding of how they experience their emotions.
I specialize in helping children, adolescents and young adults build social skills and find healthy ways to cope with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, peer conflict, and family conflict. With ten years of professional practice experience, I know that providing consistency, positivity, and honesty are the foundation for building a therapeutic relationship. This foundation can help children, adolescents and young adults increase insight, awareness, and a deeper understanding of how they experience their emotions.
(203) 408-6085 View (203) 408-6085
Photo of William Vingiano, Psychologist, PhD
William Vingiano
Psychologist, PhD
Ridgefield, CT 06877
Depression, anxiety, isolation, co-dependency, suicidal ideas, are almost always manifestations of unresolved Trauma. Sadly, trauma is all too prevalent in our world, and people often believe they have little power to overcome it. Medication to reduce symptom intensity is important in a crisis. Its value in these moments is unparalleled. But while it can suppress your symptoms, it does not heal you in the long term. Have faith that you are RESILIENT! You have amazing strength and an inner healing intelligence. My role will be to guide you through the healing process so you can begin to live with self-love and hope.
Depression, anxiety, isolation, co-dependency, suicidal ideas, are almost always manifestations of unresolved Trauma. Sadly, trauma is all too prevalent in our world, and people often believe they have little power to overcome it. Medication to reduce symptom intensity is important in a crisis. Its value in these moments is unparalleled. But while it can suppress your symptoms, it does not heal you in the long term. Have faith that you are RESILIENT! You have amazing strength and an inner healing intelligence. My role will be to guide you through the healing process so you can begin to live with self-love and hope.
(914) 361-4367 View (914) 361-4367
Photo of Angela Kaufman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Angela Kaufman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I have an ear for what you are saying and may not be aware of. Sometimes it is good to have a trained ear listen while you discuss your issues. I have been listening for over 20 years and have heard it all. Listening has made me less judgemental, more compassionate, and my clients tell me, more able to help. I have worked inpatient, outpatient, with all kinds of clients and every diagnosis. I have received special training in EMDR and use it frequently to help resolve trauma.
I have an ear for what you are saying and may not be aware of. Sometimes it is good to have a trained ear listen while you discuss your issues. I have been listening for over 20 years and have heard it all. Listening has made me less judgemental, more compassionate, and my clients tell me, more able to help. I have worked inpatient, outpatient, with all kinds of clients and every diagnosis. I have received special training in EMDR and use it frequently to help resolve trauma.
(203) 296-3187 x203856 View (203) 296-3187 x203856
Photo of Alex Boianghu, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, EMDR
Alex Boianghu
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, EMDR
1 Endorsed
Online Only
In the heart of every problem lies its solution. Alex Boianghu, LPC, EMDR is a gifted therapist who works with individuals and couples. He has more than 25 years of experience of clinical work utilizing an integrative holistic approach with an emphasis healing trauma through integrative somatic therapy, EMDR, and nonduality therapy. He also uses EMDR, a technique that is effective in the treatment of PTSD, flashbacks, nightmares, trauma, abuse & anxiety. Alex knows that healing happens when people integrate their past into the present.
In the heart of every problem lies its solution. Alex Boianghu, LPC, EMDR is a gifted therapist who works with individuals and couples. He has more than 25 years of experience of clinical work utilizing an integrative holistic approach with an emphasis healing trauma through integrative somatic therapy, EMDR, and nonduality therapy. He also uses EMDR, a technique that is effective in the treatment of PTSD, flashbacks, nightmares, trauma, abuse & anxiety. Alex knows that healing happens when people integrate their past into the present.
(475) 252-9020 View (475) 252-9020
Photo of Heather Repko-Moses, Professional Counselor Associate, MS, LPCA
Heather Repko-Moses
Professional Counselor Associate, MS, LPCA
5 Endorsed
Ridgefield, CT 06877
Understanding who you are and working through deep emotions can feel overwhelming. You might notice repeating patterns or maybe you feel misunderstood. Whether you are lacking self-compassion, experiencing trauma symptoms, struggling with anxiety and depression, or looking to find your purpose, I believe that therapy can be a supportive space for your growth. Are you ready to walk down a path that can help you uncover root causes and break free from what is holding you back? Together we can work through overwhelming emotions, overcome underlying challenges and experiences, build confidence within, and embrace your authentic self.
Understanding who you are and working through deep emotions can feel overwhelming. You might notice repeating patterns or maybe you feel misunderstood. Whether you are lacking self-compassion, experiencing trauma symptoms, struggling with anxiety and depression, or looking to find your purpose, I believe that therapy can be a supportive space for your growth. Are you ready to walk down a path that can help you uncover root causes and break free from what is holding you back? Together we can work through overwhelming emotions, overcome underlying challenges and experiences, build confidence within, and embrace your authentic self.
(475) 447-1156 View (475) 447-1156
Photo of Lisa Oren, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Lisa Oren
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Ridgefield, CT 06877
I am a licensed clinical social worker in Connecticut, Massachusetts and New York with over 25 years of experience helping preteens, adolescents, and adults, individually or as a couple or family, examine the current stressors that are getting in the way of life satisfaction. Having a safe place to express and explore these issues can be healing. I believe that successful therapy comes very much from the connection of the therapist and client. I will treat you, your feelings and experiences with respect and compassion.
I am a licensed clinical social worker in Connecticut, Massachusetts and New York with over 25 years of experience helping preteens, adolescents, and adults, individually or as a couple or family, examine the current stressors that are getting in the way of life satisfaction. Having a safe place to express and explore these issues can be healing. I believe that successful therapy comes very much from the connection of the therapist and client. I will treat you, your feelings and experiences with respect and compassion.
(475) 204-2914 View (475) 204-2914
Photo of Patrick Mcauliffe, Psychologist, MEd, PhD
Patrick Mcauliffe
Psychologist, MEd, PhD
Ridgefield, CT 06877
I am a Columbia University trained licensed psychologist specializing in treating school age children and young adults. I am skilled in treating a wide range of difficulties that children may have including: anxiety, depression, stress-induced difficulties, problems with school and social adjustment as well as family-based difficulties. Part of my treatment approach is identifying individual strengths and capacities (rather than just vulnerabilities) to maximize an individual's ability to cope with challenging circumstances and strengthen and grow. I also have a strong interest in how cognition impacts young athletes.
I am a Columbia University trained licensed psychologist specializing in treating school age children and young adults. I am skilled in treating a wide range of difficulties that children may have including: anxiety, depression, stress-induced difficulties, problems with school and social adjustment as well as family-based difficulties. Part of my treatment approach is identifying individual strengths and capacities (rather than just vulnerabilities) to maximize an individual's ability to cope with challenging circumstances and strengthen and grow. I also have a strong interest in how cognition impacts young athletes.
(203) 403-2496 View (203) 403-2496
Photo of Kelly Duarte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kelly Duarte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Ridgefield, CT 06877
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or struggling to manage stress, anxiety, or a difficult life transition? You don’t have to navigate these challenges alone. Kelly is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is deeply committed to helping individuals feel supported, understood, and empowered as they work toward meaningful change. She earned her Master’s degree in Social Work from the University at Albany and has been providing individual therapy for nearly a decade.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or struggling to manage stress, anxiety, or a difficult life transition? You don’t have to navigate these challenges alone. Kelly is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is deeply committed to helping individuals feel supported, understood, and empowered as they work toward meaningful change. She earned her Master’s degree in Social Work from the University at Albany and has been providing individual therapy for nearly a decade.
(203) 601-7336 View (203) 601-7336
Photo of Rebecca A Fontanetta, Psychologist, PsyD, ABPdN
Rebecca A Fontanetta
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPdN
Ridgefield, CT 06877
Dr. Rebecca A. Fontanetta is a board-certified pediatric neuropsychologist who received her doctoral degree in clinical psychology with a concentration in neuropsychology from Nova Southeastern University. She completed her clinical psychology internship at St. Vincent Neuroscience Institute-St. Vincent Hospital and fellowships at both Mass General for Children at NSMC and Stony Brook Medicine.
Dr. Rebecca A. Fontanetta is a board-certified pediatric neuropsychologist who received her doctoral degree in clinical psychology with a concentration in neuropsychology from Nova Southeastern University. She completed her clinical psychology internship at St. Vincent Neuroscience Institute-St. Vincent Hospital and fellowships at both Mass General for Children at NSMC and Stony Brook Medicine.
(631) 490-5689 View (631) 490-5689
Photo of Bria Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Bria Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Ridgefield, CT 06877
My approach to therapy is grounded in evidence-based practices all through a person-centered lens. I believe therapy should feel collaborative, respectful, and affirming. I’ll work with you to understand your unique story and tailor your sessions to your goals and strengths. I am equipped to meet clients where they are, whether you're in crisis or simply seeking personal growth. I believe therapy should support and challenge you. I like to use my warm demeanor and gentle nature to help clients grow into the best version of themselves.
My approach to therapy is grounded in evidence-based practices all through a person-centered lens. I believe therapy should feel collaborative, respectful, and affirming. I’ll work with you to understand your unique story and tailor your sessions to your goals and strengths. I am equipped to meet clients where they are, whether you're in crisis or simply seeking personal growth. I believe therapy should support and challenge you. I like to use my warm demeanor and gentle nature to help clients grow into the best version of themselves.
(203) 457-6793 View (203) 457-6793
Photo of Danna A Anderson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Danna A Anderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
5 Endorsed
Ridgefield, CT 06877
In our work together you gain a deeper understanding of who you are and why you react to life the way that you do. Therapy is a collaborative space where you can feel safe, seen and heard, We explore patterns and barriers that get in the way of having the life that you want. We work together to get to the heart of what is causing you pain or making you feel stuck. My hope is that your voice inside will become louder and more clear. Start the journey of healing your anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties with mindful presence and compassionate support.
In our work together you gain a deeper understanding of who you are and why you react to life the way that you do. Therapy is a collaborative space where you can feel safe, seen and heard, We explore patterns and barriers that get in the way of having the life that you want. We work together to get to the heart of what is causing you pain or making you feel stuck. My hope is that your voice inside will become louder and more clear. Start the journey of healing your anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties with mindful presence and compassionate support.
(203) 601-7820 View (203) 601-7820
Photo of Noelle J. Zeller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Noelle J. Zeller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ridgefield, CT 06877
I am a licensed clinical social with over fifteen years experience working with adults in the social work field. I have a Master's Degree from Fordham University. I work with first time moms or seasoned moms to help them with the challenges of parenthood. I work with perinatal mood disorder, postpartum issues and fertility issues. I also work with anxiety, depression and PTSD. My approach is kind, non judgmental and compassionate. Through my undergraduate studies, I minored in Women's Studies. I really have a heart for women related issues.
I am a licensed clinical social with over fifteen years experience working with adults in the social work field. I have a Master's Degree from Fordham University. I work with first time moms or seasoned moms to help them with the challenges of parenthood. I work with perinatal mood disorder, postpartum issues and fertility issues. I also work with anxiety, depression and PTSD. My approach is kind, non judgmental and compassionate. Through my undergraduate studies, I minored in Women's Studies. I really have a heart for women related issues.
(203) 896-8888 View (203) 896-8888
Photo of Resa Fremed, Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, LMFT
Resa Fremed
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, LMFT
Online Only
I am an experienced marriage and family therapist licensed in NY and CT offering comprehensive therapeutic services for individuals, couples and families. My specialites include anxiety, depression, affairs, divorce, relationship issues, sexual issues, intimacy, grief and peer relationships. In my practice I deal directly with strategies to enable personal and family growth and life enhancement.
I am an experienced marriage and family therapist licensed in NY and CT offering comprehensive therapeutic services for individuals, couples and families. My specialites include anxiety, depression, affairs, divorce, relationship issues, sexual issues, intimacy, grief and peer relationships. In my practice I deal directly with strategies to enable personal and family growth and life enhancement.
(914) 487-3978 x914602 View (914) 487-3978 x914602

See more therapy options for Ridgefield

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ridgefield, CT

200+

Average cost per session

$182

Therapists in Ridgefield, CT who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
81% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
63% Stress
59% Grief

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Ridgefield, CT see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ridgefield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.