Therapists in Norwich, CT

Photo of Kayla Gauthier (Nickerson), Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kayla Gauthier (Nickerson)
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Norwich, CT 06360
Sometimes, life is just hard. If you need someone to step in and walk alongside you, this is what I can do. I believe life is like a book and you are the author. You have the power to write your own story. Whether you are dealing with tough circumstances, feelings of loneliness or just needing some strategies to work through a life transition, I am an open-minded and experienced therapist who listens without judgement and helps people find the best solutions for themselves.
Sometimes, life is just hard. If you need someone to step in and walk alongside you, this is what I can do. I believe life is like a book and you are the author. You have the power to write your own story. Whether you are dealing with tough circumstances, feelings of loneliness or just needing some strategies to work through a life transition, I am an open-minded and experienced therapist who listens without judgement and helps people find the best solutions for themselves.
(860) 300-2121 View (860) 300-2121
Photo of Kaitlyn Occhionero, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kaitlyn Occhionero
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Norwich, CT 06360
*Accepting Telehealth clients for individual therapy * I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker currently accepting clients to create positive conditions for the changes they are seeking in their lives. I have been practicing individual, group, and family therapy in the outpatient setting since 2013. I utilize supportive and evidence-based approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Insight Oriented Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Supportive Therapy. You can expect a confidential, competent and compassionate service delivery.
*Accepting Telehealth clients for individual therapy * I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker currently accepting clients to create positive conditions for the changes they are seeking in their lives. I have been practicing individual, group, and family therapy in the outpatient setting since 2013. I utilize supportive and evidence-based approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Insight Oriented Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Supportive Therapy. You can expect a confidential, competent and compassionate service delivery.
(860) 362-2510 View (860) 362-2510
Photo of Cynthia Brown, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Cynthia Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, I’m Cynthia! I’m a trauma-informed, strength-based therapist who’s passionate about supporting adults and new moms dealing with anxiety, relationship issues, self-esteem challenges, and life stressors. I firmly believe our past experiences can shape our present-day thoughts, feelings, and behaviors—often through our nervous system. That might show up as anxiety, low mood, or stress in your relationships. We’ll work together to gently explore how your history influences your “right now.” We’ll also look at any patterns that no longer serve you and figure out new strategies for handling the ups and downs of life.
Hello, I’m Cynthia! I’m a trauma-informed, strength-based therapist who’s passionate about supporting adults and new moms dealing with anxiety, relationship issues, self-esteem challenges, and life stressors. I firmly believe our past experiences can shape our present-day thoughts, feelings, and behaviors—often through our nervous system. That might show up as anxiety, low mood, or stress in your relationships. We’ll work together to gently explore how your history influences your “right now.” We’ll also look at any patterns that no longer serve you and figure out new strategies for handling the ups and downs of life.
(860) 431-8914 View (860) 431-8914
Photo of Elizabeth Kramer, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, MA, CAGS, LPC, RYT 200
Elizabeth Kramer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, MA, CAGS, LPC, RYT 200
Verified Verified
Norwich, CT 06360
I am Holistic Counselor and use an holistic approach to psychotherapy which targets the mind, body and spirit. I combine traditional therapies with spiritual and innovative practices in a safe supportive environment. I use a person-centered process to help guide clients toward healing and self-fulfillment. My focus is to assist clients with personal self-growth, self confidence, mid-life challenges and relationship issues.
I am Holistic Counselor and use an holistic approach to psychotherapy which targets the mind, body and spirit. I combine traditional therapies with spiritual and innovative practices in a safe supportive environment. I use a person-centered process to help guide clients toward healing and self-fulfillment. My focus is to assist clients with personal self-growth, self confidence, mid-life challenges and relationship issues.
(860) 792-5820 View (860) 792-5820
Warren Avery
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Norwich, CT 06360
Warren J. Avery, Psy.D., is a licensed clinical psychologist (Connecticut) providing psychotherapy services in the greater New London area at Clarus Health Alliance. Dr. Avery engages psychotherapy services with a wide range of clients including individuals with depression, anxiety, PTSD, and ADHD. He is experienced in the delivery of client-centered, evidence-based clinical interventions with a focus on CBT, DBT, and MI.
Warren J. Avery, Psy.D., is a licensed clinical psychologist (Connecticut) providing psychotherapy services in the greater New London area at Clarus Health Alliance. Dr. Avery engages psychotherapy services with a wide range of clients including individuals with depression, anxiety, PTSD, and ADHD. He is experienced in the delivery of client-centered, evidence-based clinical interventions with a focus on CBT, DBT, and MI.
(860) 615-4048 View (860) 615-4048
Photo of Nicholas Sitro, Psychologist, PsyD
Nicholas Sitro
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Norwich, CT 06360
Whether you are trying therapy for the first time or choosing a new therapist, the process of meeting a new clinician can be intimidating. But it doesn't have to be! I will work with you to integrate your specific goals, concerns, and questions into a plan that is specially curated for you, in hopes of creating a comfortable environment where you can grow into the best version of yourself. I believe that the most important aspect of therapy is providing an empathic space where you can be truly heard, understood, and validated.
Whether you are trying therapy for the first time or choosing a new therapist, the process of meeting a new clinician can be intimidating. But it doesn't have to be! I will work with you to integrate your specific goals, concerns, and questions into a plan that is specially curated for you, in hopes of creating a comfortable environment where you can grow into the best version of yourself. I believe that the most important aspect of therapy is providing an empathic space where you can be truly heard, understood, and validated.
(860) 852-6180 View (860) 852-6180
Photo of Caitlyn Goggin - Comprehensive Psychiatric Care
Comprehensive Psychiatric Care
Verified Verified
Norwich, CT 06360
Comprehensive Psychiatric Care is an outpatient mental health facility that has served the Eastern Connecticut community for over 30 years. CPC is a team of multi-disciplinary mental health practitioners who work together to best serve the needs of our patients. Our staff are experienced, licensed, mental health clinicians who adhere to the highest ethical and professional standards. CPC clinicians are trained in a wide variety of therapeutic orientations including: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Psychodynamic (insight orientated) therapy, & Child Centered Play therapy. .
Comprehensive Psychiatric Care is an outpatient mental health facility that has served the Eastern Connecticut community for over 30 years. CPC is a team of multi-disciplinary mental health practitioners who work together to best serve the needs of our patients. Our staff are experienced, licensed, mental health clinicians who adhere to the highest ethical and professional standards. CPC clinicians are trained in a wide variety of therapeutic orientations including: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Psychodynamic (insight orientated) therapy, & Child Centered Play therapy. .
(860) 455-4627 View (860) 455-4627
Photo of Tracey Laszloffy - Center for Healing Connections, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Center for Healing Connections
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Norwich, CT 06360
Are you struggling with relationship problems....perhaps a loss of intimacy, cycles of anger and arguing, disconnection, cheating, or communication problems with your partner, your kids, or other family members? Are you feeling depressed, anxious, angry, afraid, or alienated? Are are tired of struggling with feeling sad and down, or stressed out and tense, or suffering from PTSD or the pain and grief of loss?
Are you struggling with relationship problems....perhaps a loss of intimacy, cycles of anger and arguing, disconnection, cheating, or communication problems with your partner, your kids, or other family members? Are you feeling depressed, anxious, angry, afraid, or alienated? Are are tired of struggling with feeling sad and down, or stressed out and tense, or suffering from PTSD or the pain and grief of loss?
(959) 207-2904 View (959) 207-2904
Photo of Christina Parham, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LADC
Christina Parham
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
Norwich, CT 06360
I specialize in adults, family, and child/adolescent age groups. I offer treatment for depression, anxiety, anger management, adjustment issues, substance abuse and trauma related difficulties. My approach is client centered, while identifying a specific treatment plan that will motivate and strengthen a positive belief system to encourage recovery. I am skilled in helping clients identify objective personal goals in therapy. I assist in achieving these goals through consitent and compassionate support. I am well versed in facilitating group, individual, and family counseling services.
I specialize in adults, family, and child/adolescent age groups. I offer treatment for depression, anxiety, anger management, adjustment issues, substance abuse and trauma related difficulties. My approach is client centered, while identifying a specific treatment plan that will motivate and strengthen a positive belief system to encourage recovery. I am skilled in helping clients identify objective personal goals in therapy. I assist in achieving these goals through consitent and compassionate support. I am well versed in facilitating group, individual, and family counseling services.
(860) 451-0645 View (860) 451-0645
Photo of Michael Kromidas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Michael Kromidas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, conflict, affect everyone regardless of their background or identity. I am a LCSW with over 18 plus years of professional experience, working with individuals, couples, and families, impacted by life’s challenges. While we are all doing the best we can, there is healing and growth, that sometimes requires a partner in this process. My practice is open to people ages 18 plus years, for individual, and couples. I am currently accepting Husky, self-pay, and out-of-network referrals.
Stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, conflict, affect everyone regardless of their background or identity. I am a LCSW with over 18 plus years of professional experience, working with individuals, couples, and families, impacted by life’s challenges. While we are all doing the best we can, there is healing and growth, that sometimes requires a partner in this process. My practice is open to people ages 18 plus years, for individual, and couples. I am currently accepting Husky, self-pay, and out-of-network referrals.
(860) 300-3597 View (860) 300-3597
Photo of Cyndi Palma, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Cyndi Palma
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life is full of challenges and we all reach a time when we need extra support and assistance in meeting those challenges. I am currently accepting new clients ages 16 and over for virtual therapy. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, relationship issues, substance use issues including co-dependency, trauma, couples counseling and family therapy.
Life is full of challenges and we all reach a time when we need extra support and assistance in meeting those challenges. I am currently accepting new clients ages 16 and over for virtual therapy. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, relationship issues, substance use issues including co-dependency, trauma, couples counseling and family therapy.
(860) 362-3894 View (860) 362-3894
Photo of Jeanne J Chadwick, Marriage & Family Therapist, MPH, MS, PhD
Jeanne J Chadwick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MPH, MS, PhD
Verified Verified
Norwich, CT 06360
My passion to empower clients to live a more fulfilling and engaged life guides my interactions with them. Over the past 25 years, I have observed that living a fulfilled life is possible regardless of the intensity of one’s struggles. I have also found that blending the perspectives of Mindfulness and Psychotherapy can support and empower people to live a more passionate and fulfilling life. My therapeutic style combines the deeper personal aspects of mindfulness with the ethical aspects of psychotherapy to build emotional resilience, and help people interact in the world with greater poise, integrity, and humanity.
My passion to empower clients to live a more fulfilling and engaged life guides my interactions with them. Over the past 25 years, I have observed that living a fulfilled life is possible regardless of the intensity of one’s struggles. I have also found that blending the perspectives of Mindfulness and Psychotherapy can support and empower people to live a more passionate and fulfilling life. My therapeutic style combines the deeper personal aspects of mindfulness with the ethical aspects of psychotherapy to build emotional resilience, and help people interact in the world with greater poise, integrity, and humanity.
(860) 934-0656 View (860) 934-0656
Photo of Marc Nee, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CHT
Marc Nee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CHT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Norwich, CT 06360
In 1999 I created the following mission statement: "To create a safe space where individuals can explore the issues that are standing in the way of living more fulfilling and authentic lives." As a result, I have explored, studied and practiced a wide variety of techniques to address the mental/emotional aspects of our lives, as well as the physical and spiritual issues that can block potential, and the ability to relate effectively with others. It is always an honor to help clients transition through difficulty and to witness them living more fulfilling lives.
In 1999 I created the following mission statement: "To create a safe space where individuals can explore the issues that are standing in the way of living more fulfilling and authentic lives." As a result, I have explored, studied and practiced a wide variety of techniques to address the mental/emotional aspects of our lives, as well as the physical and spiritual issues that can block potential, and the ability to relate effectively with others. It is always an honor to help clients transition through difficulty and to witness them living more fulfilling lives.
(860) 237-3865 View (860) 237-3865
Photo of Jennifer A Tattersall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCDP, CBIS
Jennifer A Tattersall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCDP, CBIS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Norwich, CT 06360
Despite difficulties in life, I believe people have an amazing amount of resilience and strength. I work to enhance their strength that gets lost when overwhelmed by challenges. Using multiple modalities, individuals move beyond their old story and into the life they desire. I have heard from clients that "therapy has never helped me" and clients of mine have achieved their goals. I have specialty training with trauma which, by definition is "a deeply distressing or disturbing experience". I assist people in trusting their innate abilities to make decisions from a healthy perspective.
Despite difficulties in life, I believe people have an amazing amount of resilience and strength. I work to enhance their strength that gets lost when overwhelmed by challenges. Using multiple modalities, individuals move beyond their old story and into the life they desire. I have heard from clients that "therapy has never helped me" and clients of mine have achieved their goals. I have specialty training with trauma which, by definition is "a deeply distressing or disturbing experience". I assist people in trusting their innate abilities to make decisions from a healthy perspective.
(860) 946-4120 View (860) 946-4120
Photo of Ashley E Webb, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Ashley E Webb
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Norwich, CT 06360
I am here to be a witness as you gain a positive connection between your brain and your body. Let me be a voice outside of your own " train" of thought.
I am here to be a witness as you gain a positive connection between your brain and your body. Let me be a voice outside of your own " train" of thought.
(860) 387-4712 View (860) 387-4712
Photo of Jeigh Hayes, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-OR, LPC-CT, LMHC-RI
Jeigh Hayes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-OR, LPC-CT, LMHC-RI
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Online Only
Mamas! I see you walking aimlessly through Target trying to get some peace! Those nagging thoughts running through your mind while your infant is drooling on your chest and your toddler is hanging from your pants! I got you! It's really hard being a mom and I know you hold those tears just under the surface…. Let’s make some time in your day to get back to you. Let’s figure out what’s going on with those thoughts. Let’s chat about what it’s been like for you to be a mom-has it been different than you thought? Harder? Easier? Tell me all about how you got here today and let’s figure out how we can work together to get back to you.
Mamas! I see you walking aimlessly through Target trying to get some peace! Those nagging thoughts running through your mind while your infant is drooling on your chest and your toddler is hanging from your pants! I got you! It's really hard being a mom and I know you hold those tears just under the surface…. Let’s make some time in your day to get back to you. Let’s figure out what’s going on with those thoughts. Let’s chat about what it’s been like for you to be a mom-has it been different than you thought? Harder? Easier? Tell me all about how you got here today and let’s figure out how we can work together to get back to you.
(860) 319-0382 View (860) 319-0382
Photo of Barbara J Grover, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CAGS, LPC, NCC
Barbara J Grover
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CAGS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
The Humanistic approach has and continues to be the form of therapy that most closely matches my sense of the world and how human beings exist within it. Based on the fundamental concept of the power of human growth, it speaks to me of hope and of personal power. Through the identification of individual strengths and the development of empowering coping skills change is possible and issues related to trauma, loss and addiction can be effectively addressed.
The Humanistic approach has and continues to be the form of therapy that most closely matches my sense of the world and how human beings exist within it. Based on the fundamental concept of the power of human growth, it speaks to me of hope and of personal power. Through the identification of individual strengths and the development of empowering coping skills change is possible and issues related to trauma, loss and addiction can be effectively addressed.
(860) 819-3898 View (860) 819-3898
Photo of Cara Elizabeth Bartlett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Cara Elizabeth Bartlett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Norwich, CT 06360
***NOT ACCEPTING NEW CHILD/ADOLESCENT CLIENTS*** I'm a charismatic, dynamic, and dedicated therapist who offers individual, family, and group therapy to children, adolescents, and adults. In addition to "traditional" therapy, I also offer EMDR therapy - an effective, evidence-based treatment for patients with a history of trauma. My experience as an Emergency Crisis Intervention Clinician has enhanced my ability to rapidly engage with clients, develop immediate treatment and safety plans, increase clients' coping skills, conduct risk assessments as needed, and provide psychoeducation and advocacy.
***NOT ACCEPTING NEW CHILD/ADOLESCENT CLIENTS*** I'm a charismatic, dynamic, and dedicated therapist who offers individual, family, and group therapy to children, adolescents, and adults. In addition to "traditional" therapy, I also offer EMDR therapy - an effective, evidence-based treatment for patients with a history of trauma. My experience as an Emergency Crisis Intervention Clinician has enhanced my ability to rapidly engage with clients, develop immediate treatment and safety plans, increase clients' coping skills, conduct risk assessments as needed, and provide psychoeducation and advocacy.
(860) 956-5354 View (860) 956-5354
Photo of Sylvia J Laudette - Sylvia Laudette, LCSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sylvia Laudette, LCSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Norwich, CT 06360
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with fifteen years of experience, I specialize in helping adults get their life back on track whether you have suffered a loss, trauma, or are experiencing a life transition.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with fifteen years of experience, I specialize in helping adults get their life back on track whether you have suffered a loss, trauma, or are experiencing a life transition.
(860) 772-0454 View (860) 772-0454
Photo of Alicia Hopkins, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Alicia Hopkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Norwich, CT 06360
Living with daily trauma symptoms can be challenging. Trauma is any negative or scary event that disrupts your daily life. This can manifest in overwhelming feelings of anxiety, mood changes, and/or grief. Some with trauma will re-live their experience through intrusive memories or dreams that disrupt sleep. Living with trauma can even lead to a loss of appetite, fatigue, and exhaustion! Not everyone will be aware of their sensitivities and triggers. For some, a trigger could be sirens or alarms. What triggers you? The good news is that improved health is possible! Therapy is an effective solution for many with serious trauma.
Living with daily trauma symptoms can be challenging. Trauma is any negative or scary event that disrupts your daily life. This can manifest in overwhelming feelings of anxiety, mood changes, and/or grief. Some with trauma will re-live their experience through intrusive memories or dreams that disrupt sleep. Living with trauma can even lead to a loss of appetite, fatigue, and exhaustion! Not everyone will be aware of their sensitivities and triggers. For some, a trigger could be sirens or alarms. What triggers you? The good news is that improved health is possible! Therapy is an effective solution for many with serious trauma.
(860) 452-6287 View (860) 452-6287
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Norwich, CT

100+

Average cost per session

$132

Therapists in Norwich, CT who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
91% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
78% Coping Skills
74% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% HUSKY Health
70% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Norwich, CT see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Norwich?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.