Photo of Ellen W. Rodman, Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Ellen W. Rodman
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Libertyville, IL 60048  (Online Only)
"Strive to achieve all you want. Find happiness in everything you do" Are you having difficulties accomplishing this? My goal is to help you achieve this, to become unstuck and to help you move forward. I believe a strong therapeutic relationship is essential to achieve this. During this process, I will help guide and support you through your strengths and to build upon it. I have had experience working with multitude of issues with clients ranging from anxiety, depression, severe mental illness to divorce, LGBT, family & romantic relationship issues as well as adjustment and or life transition issues.
"Strive to achieve all you want. Find happiness in everything you do" Are you having difficulties accomplishing this? My goal is to help you achieve this, to become unstuck and to help you move forward. I believe a strong therapeutic relationship is essential to achieve this. During this process, I will help guide and support you through your strengths and to build upon it. I have had experience working with multitude of issues with clients ranging from anxiety, depression, severe mental illness to divorce, LGBT, family & romantic relationship issues as well as adjustment and or life transition issues.
(773) 295-4986 View (773) 295-4986

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of White Stone Counseling Resources , Counselor in Libertyville, IL
White Stone Counseling Resources
Counselor
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lake Bluff, IL 60044
When a client enters the counseling process at White Stone Resources, he or she begins a unique relationship designed to provide an atmosphere of safety and security that will give the client the freedom to be candid and vulnerable about the struggles in their life.
Discover a renewed sense of hope and well-being with White Stone Counseling Resources! Since 1997, we've been Chicago's trusted Christian Counseling practice. Dive into personalized sessions tailored for individuals, couples, and families—encompassing adults, teens, and children. At White Stone, we believe in a true partnership. Your journey is unique, and our dedicated counselors are here to walk beside you, profoundly understanding your story and crafting a transformative roadmap for a brighter, more fulfilling tomorrow.
When a client enters the counseling process at White Stone Resources, he or she begins a unique relationship designed to provide an atmosphere of safety and security that will give the client the freedom to be candid and vulnerable about the struggles in their life.
Discover a renewed sense of hope and well-being with White Stone Counseling Resources! Since 1997, we've been Chicago's trusted Christian Counseling practice. Dive into personalized sessions tailored for individuals, couples, and families—encompassing adults, teens, and children. At White Stone, we believe in a true partnership. Your journey is unique, and our dedicated counselors are here to walk beside you, profoundly understanding your story and crafting a transformative roadmap for a brighter, more fulfilling tomorrow.
(847) 243-6421 View (847) 243-6421
Photo of The Family Institute at Northwestern University, Psychologist in Libertyville, IL
The Family Institute at Northwestern University
Psychologist
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Deerfield, IL 60015
Through research, education and clinical services, The Family Institute at Northwestern University is one of the nation's leading relationship-based behavioral health organizations committed to strengthening and healing the whole family system by bringing together the right partners to support children, adults, couples and families across the lifespan. As researchers, educators and therapists, we work with our clients and PARTNER TO SEE CHANGE. By weaving together 175 therapists and therapists-in-training, we create a high quality, collaborative system of behavioral health care. One that gets results.
Through research, education and clinical services, The Family Institute at Northwestern University is one of the nation's leading relationship-based behavioral health organizations committed to strengthening and healing the whole family system by bringing together the right partners to support children, adults, couples and families across the lifespan. As researchers, educators and therapists, we work with our clients and PARTNER TO SEE CHANGE. By weaving together 175 therapists and therapists-in-training, we create a high quality, collaborative system of behavioral health care. One that gets results.
(847) 733-4300 x263 View (847) 733-4300 x263

Online Therapists

Photo of Miva Psychotherapy, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Miva Psychotherapy
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Schaumburg, IL 60173
En tant que psychothérapeute informé des traumatismes, j’aide les personnes aux prises avec des relations, la dépression, les angoisses, les troubles de l’humeur, le stress, les attaques de panique, les émotions, certains comportements, les antécédents sexuels et abusifs, l’établissement d’objectifs et les ajustements et transitions de vie. Beaucoup de mes clients ont vécu beaucoup de détresse émotionnelle, des problèmes relationnels qu’ils jugent insurmontables, des problèmes d’estime de soi, de confiance et d’intimité. Ils cherchent à changer, à briser les cycles. Ils se sentent épuisés, Je suis là pour vous aider.
En tant que psychothérapeute informé des traumatismes, j’aide les personnes aux prises avec des relations, la dépression, les angoisses, les troubles de l’humeur, le stress, les attaques de panique, les émotions, certains comportements, les antécédents sexuels et abusifs, l’établissement d’objectifs et les ajustements et transitions de vie. Beaucoup de mes clients ont vécu beaucoup de détresse émotionnelle, des problèmes relationnels qu’ils jugent insurmontables, des problèmes d’estime de soi, de confiance et d’intimité. Ils cherchent à changer, à briser les cycles. Ils se sentent épuisés, Je suis là pour vous aider.
(630) 348-9656 View (630) 348-9656
Photo of Dr. Pascale Piron, Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Dr. Pascale Piron
Counselor, PsyD, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
En tant que clinicien orienté vers les résultats, j’accueille les clients de tous les ages pour la thérapie individuelle ainsi que couple. Ma spécialisation est travailler avec des clients confrontés à des traumatismes, deuil et perte, l’infertilité, problèmes relationnels, l’estime de soi, humeur et motivation. Mon approche de psychothérapie est basée sur la perspicacité intégrée à d’autres méthodes pour répondre aux besoins et aux objectifs uniques de mes clients. Mes intérêts s’étendent à la psychologie familiale, soutenant les clients lors de séparation et divorce ainsi que la réunification thérapeutique parent-enfant.
En tant que clinicien orienté vers les résultats, j’accueille les clients de tous les ages pour la thérapie individuelle ainsi que couple. Ma spécialisation est travailler avec des clients confrontés à des traumatismes, deuil et perte, l’infertilité, problèmes relationnels, l’estime de soi, humeur et motivation. Mon approche de psychothérapie est basée sur la perspicacité intégrée à d’autres méthodes pour répondre aux besoins et aux objectifs uniques de mes clients. Mes intérêts s’étendent à la psychologie familiale, soutenant les clients lors de séparation et divorce ainsi que la réunification thérapeutique parent-enfant.
(773) 839-3334 View (773) 839-3334
Photo of Alexandra Faure, Licensed Professional Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Alexandra Faure
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
Je travaille également avec des couples qui cherchent à améliorer leur communication et leur intimité.
La thérapie nous rend vulnerable et peut être difficile. C’est pour ça que je m’engage a créer un environment comfortable qui est à votre disposition. Je travaille avec vous pour adapter votre thérapie a vos besoins et pour atteindre vos buts. Je me base sur les principes de la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale qui éclaire les liens entre nos pensées et nos émotions pour comprendre leurs influences sur nos actions. J’apporte aussi une attention aux événements socioculturels qui nous influencent et nous forment chaque jour.
Je travaille également avec des couples qui cherchent à améliorer leur communication et leur intimité.
La thérapie nous rend vulnerable et peut être difficile. C’est pour ça que je m’engage a créer un environment comfortable qui est à votre disposition. Je travaille avec vous pour adapter votre thérapie a vos besoins et pour atteindre vos buts. Je me base sur les principes de la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale qui éclaire les liens entre nos pensées et nos émotions pour comprendre leurs influences sur nos actions. J’apporte aussi une attention aux événements socioculturels qui nous influencent et nous forment chaque jour.
(312) 202-0303 View (312) 202-0303
Photo of Rainn Villalpando, Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Rainn Villalpando
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
Je pense que chaque personne a besoin d'aimer ou de se sentir aimée au plus profond d'elle-même. Lorsque ces besoins sont satisfaits, nous pouvons recevoir et partager de l'affection de la part de notre entourage, et faire partie d'une communauté. Les patients qui viennent généralement me consulter ont fait face à des obstacles dans leurs relations amoureuses, leurs relations sociales, leurs relations familiales, leurs relations au travail, leurs rapports aux collectivités et/ou leurs relations avec eux-mêmes. Lorsque je travaille avec mes patients, je les invite à examiner leurs besoins.
Je pense que chaque personne a besoin d'aimer ou de se sentir aimée au plus profond d'elle-même. Lorsque ces besoins sont satisfaits, nous pouvons recevoir et partager de l'affection de la part de notre entourage, et faire partie d'une communauté. Les patients qui viennent généralement me consulter ont fait face à des obstacles dans leurs relations amoureuses, leurs relations sociales, leurs relations familiales, leurs relations au travail, leurs rapports aux collectivités et/ou leurs relations avec eux-mêmes. Lorsque je travaille avec mes patients, je les invite à examiner leurs besoins.
(773) 232-5345 View (773) 232-5345
Photo of Kristina Jongsma, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Libertyville, IL
Kristina Jongsma
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PEL, MSW, MEd
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Joliet, IL 60435
I am passionate about helping children, children having disabilities, adolescents, couples trying to make it, or couples in distress, adults and seniors.
My ideal client is any human struggling with the present moment, any human suffering.
I am passionate about helping children, children having disabilities, adolescents, couples trying to make it, or couples in distress, adults and seniors.
My ideal client is any human struggling with the present moment, any human suffering.
(331) 481-5335 View (331) 481-5335
Photo of Flourish Counseling & Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Libertyville, IL
Flourish Counseling & Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
Our compassionate team provides individual, couples, group and family therapy, as well as medication management, both in office and securely online.
Flourish Counseling & Wellness is a group practice providing counseling, advocacy and resources focused on women's and perinatal mental health - from fertility to pregnancy, through postpartum and parenthood. We envision a world where families have the information and support they need to heal, connect and flourish. To support that vision, we have assembled an experienced group of clinicians to serve clients in Chicago, Oak Park, and throughout Illinois. Our team consists of clinical social workers, psychologists, PhDs, marriage/family therapists, certified perinatal mental health clinicians, and a psychiatric nurse practitioner.
Our compassionate team provides individual, couples, group and family therapy, as well as medication management, both in office and securely online.
Flourish Counseling & Wellness is a group practice providing counseling, advocacy and resources focused on women's and perinatal mental health - from fertility to pregnancy, through postpartum and parenthood. We envision a world where families have the information and support they need to heal, connect and flourish. To support that vision, we have assembled an experienced group of clinicians to serve clients in Chicago, Oak Park, and throughout Illinois. Our team consists of clinical social workers, psychologists, PhDs, marriage/family therapists, certified perinatal mental health clinicians, and a psychiatric nurse practitioner.
(630) 394-8367 x1 View (630) 394-8367 x1
Photo of Sandra Zakowski, Psychologist in Libertyville, IL
Sandra Zakowski
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
I am experienced in working with people who are dealing with a variety of issues including trauma, depression, anxiety, loss, acculturation, chronic medical problems, relationship problems, academic issues, and adjustment to other life stressors. Each individual requires a unique approach when seeking help in coping with problems of daily living, and I am dedicated to creating a collaborative therapy environment that is based on safety and mutual respect. I tend to be direct and interactive in therapy using an integrative approach and work to empower clients to access their strengths in coping with life issues.
I am experienced in working with people who are dealing with a variety of issues including trauma, depression, anxiety, loss, acculturation, chronic medical problems, relationship problems, academic issues, and adjustment to other life stressors. Each individual requires a unique approach when seeking help in coping with problems of daily living, and I am dedicated to creating a collaborative therapy environment that is based on safety and mutual respect. I tend to be direct and interactive in therapy using an integrative approach and work to empower clients to access their strengths in coping with life issues.
(773) 236-8242 View (773) 236-8242
Photo of Jeannie Aschkenasy, Psychologist in Libertyville, IL
Jeannie Aschkenasy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
I have extensive experience working with individuals of all ages, as well as couples, who are interested in bridging the space between where they are and where they want to be. I do this by using my specialized skills as a clinical psychologist, and also by bringing a holistic lens to the work. I want to meet you where you are emotionally, mentally, and behaviorally. My goal is to provide a space where you can develop the coping skills and resources that you'll need to be successful -- however you define success -- in your everyday life.
I have extensive experience working with individuals of all ages, as well as couples, who are interested in bridging the space between where they are and where they want to be. I do this by using my specialized skills as a clinical psychologist, and also by bringing a holistic lens to the work. I want to meet you where you are emotionally, mentally, and behaviorally. My goal is to provide a space where you can develop the coping skills and resources that you'll need to be successful -- however you define success -- in your everyday life.
(872) 231-3941 View (872) 231-3941
Photo of Elise B Brooks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Libertyville, IL
Elise B Brooks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
I believe that every problem or life challenge offers an opportunity for growth and development. With the support of a positive and safe therapeutic relationship, you can find strength to address and overcome difficulties within your immediate family, in the workplace/school, with a present/past partner, and begin to feel a deeper sense of fulfillment, find or maintain more satisfying relationships, or begin to heal from a loss or crisis. With over 20 years experience as a psychotherapist, I have successfully helped adults, adolescents, and children develop more productive coping strategies, better communication skills, and a sense of resilience.
I believe that every problem or life challenge offers an opportunity for growth and development. With the support of a positive and safe therapeutic relationship, you can find strength to address and overcome difficulties within your immediate family, in the workplace/school, with a present/past partner, and begin to feel a deeper sense of fulfillment, find or maintain more satisfying relationships, or begin to heal from a loss or crisis. With over 20 years experience as a psychotherapist, I have successfully helped adults, adolescents, and children develop more productive coping strategies, better communication skills, and a sense of resilience.
(773) 717-2973 View (773) 717-2973
Photo of Kate Van Eycke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Libertyville, IL
Kate Van Eycke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Dundee, IL 60118  (Online Only)
Do you secretly question: What's wrong with me? Do you feel as though you have to hide your shameful secrets, depression or anxiety from the scrutiny of the world? Have you been living with the secrecy and shame of an affair? Or maybe you and your partner have tried everything you can think of to make your relationship better but it just isn't working. If you would like to explore those issues in a safe, shame-free environment, I would love to work with you.
Do you secretly question: What's wrong with me? Do you feel as though you have to hide your shameful secrets, depression or anxiety from the scrutiny of the world? Have you been living with the secrecy and shame of an affair? Or maybe you and your partner have tried everything you can think of to make your relationship better but it just isn't working. If you would like to explore those issues in a safe, shame-free environment, I would love to work with you.
(847) 268-4250 View (847) 268-4250
Photo of Allison Milewsky, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Libertyville, IL
Allison Milewsky
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, ALMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
I work with teenagers, adults and relationships struggling with communication and self-esteem. I want to help anyone dealing with issues surrounding self-worth, communication, sex and intimacy, life transitions, abortion processing, depression and anxiety, and the perinatal/postpartum period to understand that they are not alone. I consider myself a relational therapist and work with any and all relationships! This includes but is not limited to couples, spouses, friendships, adult siblings, open relationships, and polyamorous relationships.
I work with teenagers, adults and relationships struggling with communication and self-esteem. I want to help anyone dealing with issues surrounding self-worth, communication, sex and intimacy, life transitions, abortion processing, depression and anxiety, and the perinatal/postpartum period to understand that they are not alone. I consider myself a relational therapist and work with any and all relationships! This includes but is not limited to couples, spouses, friendships, adult siblings, open relationships, and polyamorous relationships.
(773) 649-5296 View (773) 649-5296
Photo of Nancy Simon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Libertyville, IL
Nancy Simon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AM, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Evanston, IL 60201
Many clients tell me that they feel safe with me and that I "get them." I love helping individuals and couples clarify issues, understand their relationships triggers and move into gratifying connection with others and themselves. I work particularly well with Highly Sensitive and Creative people. I graduated with a Masters from the University of Chicago specializing in individual, couples and family therapy. I offer both long and short-term counseling. I also provide consultation to other therapists both individually and in a group.
Many clients tell me that they feel safe with me and that I "get them." I love helping individuals and couples clarify issues, understand their relationships triggers and move into gratifying connection with others and themselves. I work particularly well with Highly Sensitive and Creative people. I graduated with a Masters from the University of Chicago specializing in individual, couples and family therapy. I offer both long and short-term counseling. I also provide consultation to other therapists both individually and in a group.
(224) 588-8552 View (224) 588-8552
Photo of Kristen Marie Scott, Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Kristen Marie Scott
Counselor, MEd, LCPC
Verified Verified
Beecher, IL 60401
I believe that, without exception, every individual carries within, the capacity required for healing to occur. As a therapist, it is my honor and privilege to help clients and their families uncover and understand the meanings and feelings associated with their symptoms. Whether the primary client is a child, adolescent, or adult, I work collaboratively with couples/parents to create a treatment plan that is right for the family as a whole. From this perspective we can then work together to discover more adaptive and creative ways to solve problems, build relationships, and live rich and fulfilling lives.
I believe that, without exception, every individual carries within, the capacity required for healing to occur. As a therapist, it is my honor and privilege to help clients and their families uncover and understand the meanings and feelings associated with their symptoms. Whether the primary client is a child, adolescent, or adult, I work collaboratively with couples/parents to create a treatment plan that is right for the family as a whole. From this perspective we can then work together to discover more adaptive and creative ways to solve problems, build relationships, and live rich and fulfilling lives.
(773) 598-4532 View (773) 598-4532
Photo of Amira Mina, Licensed Professional Counselor in Libertyville, IL
Amira Mina
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wheaton, IL 60187
A Warm Welcome! In life, we face relationship difficulties, seasons of adjustments, anxiety, and stress. We can struggle with the devastation of trauma, grief and loss, sexual problems, low self-esteem, depression, and addictions which impact every aspect of our lives. I believe that you don't have to be alone in your journey and that counseling can move individuals toward hope and healing while promoting growth, insights, tools, and purpose. I view counseling as a privilege, an honor, and a partnership between the individual and the therapist.
A Warm Welcome! In life, we face relationship difficulties, seasons of adjustments, anxiety, and stress. We can struggle with the devastation of trauma, grief and loss, sexual problems, low self-esteem, depression, and addictions which impact every aspect of our lives. I believe that you don't have to be alone in your journey and that counseling can move individuals toward hope and healing while promoting growth, insights, tools, and purpose. I view counseling as a privilege, an honor, and a partnership between the individual and the therapist.
(630) 473-9344 View (630) 473-9344
Photo of Stacey Belmont, Psychologist in Libertyville, IL
Stacey Belmont
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
As a Cognitive Behavioral Psychologist, I utilize empirically supported treatments, humor, genuineness and empathy to treat a variety of problems including: panic disorder, social anxiety, OCD, BFRBs, PTSD, generalized anxiety, depression, emotion dysregulation, and ADHD. I also work with those who are dealing with sexual orientation/identity issues and relationship (work, family, romantic) concerns. We will work collaboratively to move you towards your goals and to help you improve your relationships with others and yourself, so that you can live a more satisfying life. Come as you are, and leave as you are at your best.
As a Cognitive Behavioral Psychologist, I utilize empirically supported treatments, humor, genuineness and empathy to treat a variety of problems including: panic disorder, social anxiety, OCD, BFRBs, PTSD, generalized anxiety, depression, emotion dysregulation, and ADHD. I also work with those who are dealing with sexual orientation/identity issues and relationship (work, family, romantic) concerns. We will work collaboratively to move you towards your goals and to help you improve your relationships with others and yourself, so that you can live a more satisfying life. Come as you are, and leave as you are at your best.
(773) 466-8006 View (773) 466-8006
Photo of S & J Wellness PLLC, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Libertyville, IL
S & J Wellness PLLC
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warrenville, IL 60555
Family of origin issues, relationship dynamics, and issues within your family can be a source of confusion, anxiety, and depression for many people.
We understand how issues in childhood, issues in our relationships, and conflict within our family dynamics can contribute to depression, anxiety and PTSD. We are a niche therapy practice specializing in culturally responsive therapy, PTSD and anxiety, adoption, attachment trauma, and complex family issues and dynamics. We see couples, families, and individuals. We are neurodivergent and LGBTQ+ affirming and provide therapy in English, Spanish and French.
Family of origin issues, relationship dynamics, and issues within your family can be a source of confusion, anxiety, and depression for many people.
We understand how issues in childhood, issues in our relationships, and conflict within our family dynamics can contribute to depression, anxiety and PTSD. We are a niche therapy practice specializing in culturally responsive therapy, PTSD and anxiety, adoption, attachment trauma, and complex family issues and dynamics. We see couples, families, and individuals. We are neurodivergent and LGBTQ+ affirming and provide therapy in English, Spanish and French.
(331) 231-2829 View (331) 231-2829
Photo of Scott D Pytluk, PhD, ABPP, Psychologist in Libertyville, IL
Scott D Pytluk, PhD, ABPP
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
I believe many life struggles are due to our best attempts to adapt in ways that don't seem to work. Emotional distress is often caused by factors outside our awareness. These factors limit the range of possible ways to live fulfilling lives. We try to help ourselves by using various creative strategies and sometimes discover we can succeed only with the assistance of someone who knows how to help. A close relationship with a skilled and sensitive professional who understands human challenges is crucial to discovering new ways of being and relating. I collaborate closely in relationship with clients to help transform their lives.
I believe many life struggles are due to our best attempts to adapt in ways that don't seem to work. Emotional distress is often caused by factors outside our awareness. These factors limit the range of possible ways to live fulfilling lives. We try to help ourselves by using various creative strategies and sometimes discover we can succeed only with the assistance of someone who knows how to help. A close relationship with a skilled and sensitive professional who understands human challenges is crucial to discovering new ways of being and relating. I collaborate closely in relationship with clients to help transform their lives.
(312) 364-9965 View (312) 364-9965

See more therapy options for Libertyville

Couples Counseling Therapists

Does couples counseling work?

Research shows that couples counseling is effective; it can reduce relationship distress and improve emotional awareness, communication, empathy, intimacy, and overall relationship satisfaction. For example, emotionally focused therapy was found to be effective for about 75 percent of couples, and those benefits lasted at least two years.

When should a couple seek counseling?

Couples can benefit from counseling if they consistently struggle in their relationship. They may have lost the ability to communicate effectively, become entrenched in harmful patterns, begun to fight more than usual, broken the other’s trust, suffered from a mental or physical illness, or faced any number of other challenges. Many therapists offer free consultations, so if a couple isn’t sure whether therapy is necessary, asking directly can provide clarity.

How can I get my partner to go to couples therapy?

The decision to seek couples therapy is often driven by one partner, who then convinces the other to participate. When discussing the idea, the initiator should be direct and assertive. They can state the problems they see and explain how the relationship would benefit from therapy. In more serious cases, they can also explain how their relationship may suffer without making any changes or seeking professional help.

How does a couple prepare for couples counseling?

The anticipation of beginning couples counseling can be difficult—sometimes more difficult than the first session itself. Taking a few moments to reflect can allay those concerns: What are the current challenges? When and how did they begin? What do they want the relationship to look like in the future? Reflecting on these questions can help individuals or couples articulate their goals. Of course, the therapist will also ask questions and guide couples through the process.