Photo of Mindfully - Toledo, OH, Counselor in Darke County, OH
Mindfully - Toledo, OH
Counselor, MA, LPCC, LISW, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Dayton, OH 45390
At Mindfully, we are dedicated to helping our clients heal, grow, and thrive. We focus on matching clients with providers who specialize in the challenges they are facing. By providing the best fit from the start, we help our clients meet their goals with greater success and our providers find deeper fulfillment in their work.
At Mindfully, we are dedicated to helping our clients heal, grow, and thrive. We focus on matching clients with providers who specialize in the challenges they are facing. By providing the best fit from the start, we help our clients meet their goals with greater success and our providers find deeper fulfillment in their work.
(419) 664-6690 View (419) 664-6690

Online Therapists

Photo of Christine M Gemberling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Darke County, OH
Christine M Gemberling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, MSW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43235  (Online Only)
Taking a step towards mental wellness can be overwhelming, but I am here to walk you through the process. I provide a safe, and flexible environment for clients to explore their goals in life and I empower individuals to make a plan for healing. Each plan of care is created with an individually focused lens that allows clients to maintain control of their goals and action steps towards wellness. Although my approach is integrative and person-centered, I most often utilize CBT, mindfulness, supportive, strength-based and couples therapy techniques within my sessions.
Taking a step towards mental wellness can be overwhelming, but I am here to walk you through the process. I provide a safe, and flexible environment for clients to explore their goals in life and I empower individuals to make a plan for healing. Each plan of care is created with an individually focused lens that allows clients to maintain control of their goals and action steps towards wellness. Although my approach is integrative and person-centered, I most often utilize CBT, mindfulness, supportive, strength-based and couples therapy techniques within my sessions.
(234) 931-4374 View (234) 931-4374
Photo of Jessica Noel, Spiritual Psychology-Energy Medicine in Darke County, OH
Jessica Noel, Spiritual Psychology-Energy Medicine
MSS, SC, RMT, CYT
Verified Verified
Worthington, OH 43085
Through Energy Psychology, Spiritual Psychology, & Energy Medicine I will help you process challenges and discover and unlock the root of these challenges or feelings of being stuck, which creates understanding, perspective shifts, and rapid behavioral and emotional changes. We will discuss, process, and come to a place of insight, shifting your perspective in areas of your life that you desire improvement or change or are feeling frustrated or other negative emotions about. I work with clients who feel lost or stuck, have experienced trauma, therapists, couples, those experiencing a spiritual evolution or awakening, and more.
Through Energy Psychology, Spiritual Psychology, & Energy Medicine I will help you process challenges and discover and unlock the root of these challenges or feelings of being stuck, which creates understanding, perspective shifts, and rapid behavioral and emotional changes. We will discuss, process, and come to a place of insight, shifting your perspective in areas of your life that you desire improvement or change or are feeling frustrated or other negative emotions about. I work with clients who feel lost or stuck, have experienced trauma, therapists, couples, those experiencing a spiritual evolution or awakening, and more.
(614) 421-7184 View (614) 421-7184
Photo of Kande Milano, Licensed Professional Counselor in Darke County, OH
Kande Kande Milano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, TRCC
Verified Verified
Mason, OH 45040
Maybe you feel stuck in a pattern, relationship, or job that leaves you wanting more. Perhaps you are significantly struggling and not sure what's next or how to hope again. By reaching out for a new perspective, insight, or tools for transformational growth, you're already moving in the right direction! The clients who tend to appreciate my approach ultimately want to be empowered to live more authentically. That typically requires honoring your experiences, trauma, life stressors, season of development, interpersonal dynamics, and overall health (mind, body, spirit). Your story is unique to you. Your therapy should be too.
Maybe you feel stuck in a pattern, relationship, or job that leaves you wanting more. Perhaps you are significantly struggling and not sure what's next or how to hope again. By reaching out for a new perspective, insight, or tools for transformational growth, you're already moving in the right direction! The clients who tend to appreciate my approach ultimately want to be empowered to live more authentically. That typically requires honoring your experiences, trauma, life stressors, season of development, interpersonal dynamics, and overall health (mind, body, spirit). Your story is unique to you. Your therapy should be too.
(513) 496-3205 View (513) 496-3205
Photo of Columbus Women's Wellness - Psychological Services, Psychologist in Darke County, OH
Columbus Women's Wellness - Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD, PhD, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Powell, OH 43065
Accepting new clients: In-office and/or telehealth - Columbus Women's Wellness (CWW) is Ohio’s premier women's behavioral health services provider with expert care for women and teen girls. With over 30 providers, CWW is a group practice of specialists who provide individual, couples, and group psychotherapy. We offer an unwavering commitment to women and girls who contact us to address anxiety, depression, trauma, perinatal issues, relationships, and more. CWW has served thousands of women who, from beginning to end, have had an understandable and empowering therapeutic experience toward reaching their goals.
Accepting new clients: In-office and/or telehealth - Columbus Women's Wellness (CWW) is Ohio’s premier women's behavioral health services provider with expert care for women and teen girls. With over 30 providers, CWW is a group practice of specialists who provide individual, couples, and group psychotherapy. We offer an unwavering commitment to women and girls who contact us to address anxiety, depression, trauma, perinatal issues, relationships, and more. CWW has served thousands of women who, from beginning to end, have had an understandable and empowering therapeutic experience toward reaching their goals.
(614) 418-6930 View (614) 418-6930
Photo of Dr. Lawrence (Larry) R. Taylor, Pastoral Counselor in Darke County, OH
Dr. Lawrence (Larry) R. Taylor
Pastoral Counselor, Lawrence Taylor, MDiv, PhD
Verified Verified
Milford, OH 45150  (Online Only)
I'm a certified spiritual director, board certified life coach, board certified chaplain, & ordained minister specializing in your relationship with the Divine, dealing with depression, grief, loss, & suicide issues, as well as fears & anxieties.
Feeling stuck spiritually? Emotionally? Let's get you out of the muck and into a life of freedom, peace, & wellbeing. I'm an experienced life coach, spiritual director, pastor, and chaplain, and I care deeply about people's spiritual wellbeing. I'm not a licensed psychologist or therapist. I don't diagnose or treat mental illness. I'm here to walk with you into a deeper, richer spirituality regardless of your background or beliefs.
I'm a certified spiritual director, board certified life coach, board certified chaplain, & ordained minister specializing in your relationship with the Divine, dealing with depression, grief, loss, & suicide issues, as well as fears & anxieties.
Feeling stuck spiritually? Emotionally? Let's get you out of the muck and into a life of freedom, peace, & wellbeing. I'm an experienced life coach, spiritual director, pastor, and chaplain, and I care deeply about people's spiritual wellbeing. I'm not a licensed psychologist or therapist. I don't diagnose or treat mental illness. I'm here to walk with you into a deeper, richer spirituality regardless of your background or beliefs.
(513) 540-2764 View (513) 540-2764
Photo of Rachel Kay Kingswood, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Darke County, OH
Rachel Kay Kingswood
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, CDCA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dayton, OH 45459  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Have you tried therapy before, but it didn't help? Feeling stuck or unsure of what you need to heal? Using a holistic integrative approach, I can help you find your footing, learn to trust yourself more, and worry less about things outside your control. I specialize in helping adolescents and adults with autism, ADHD, chronic pain/illness, and anxiety disorders learn to work with their brain and body to live their most authentic and joyful lives. I also enjoy helping couples and families of all kinds (poly, blended, foster/adoptive, etc.) learn how to build relationships based on respect, empathy, and curiosity.
Have you tried therapy before, but it didn't help? Feeling stuck or unsure of what you need to heal? Using a holistic integrative approach, I can help you find your footing, learn to trust yourself more, and worry less about things outside your control. I specialize in helping adolescents and adults with autism, ADHD, chronic pain/illness, and anxiety disorders learn to work with their brain and body to live their most authentic and joyful lives. I also enjoy helping couples and families of all kinds (poly, blended, foster/adoptive, etc.) learn how to build relationships based on respect, empathy, and curiosity.
(216) 677-2965 View (216) 677-2965
Photo of Holly D. Karban, Counselor in Darke County, OH
Holly D. Karban
Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTS
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45402
Hello! Congratulations on taking the first step towards positive change. Please know that I appreciate & respect clients from all walks of life, regardless of age, race, sexuality, socioeconomic background, ethnicity, & religion. I welcome children, adolescents, adults, traditional & modern families/couples. I have a passion for uplifting & empowering women through enhancing life skills, coping skills, and positive self image to truly maximize full potential. Because therapy is not a "one size fits all" deal, I utilize more of an eclectic approach to the process, and treat every client as the unique individual that YOU are.
Hello! Congratulations on taking the first step towards positive change. Please know that I appreciate & respect clients from all walks of life, regardless of age, race, sexuality, socioeconomic background, ethnicity, & religion. I welcome children, adolescents, adults, traditional & modern families/couples. I have a passion for uplifting & empowering women through enhancing life skills, coping skills, and positive self image to truly maximize full potential. Because therapy is not a "one size fits all" deal, I utilize more of an eclectic approach to the process, and treat every client as the unique individual that YOU are.
(937) 410-0519 View (937) 410-0519
Photo of Sarah Headley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Darke County, OH
Sarah Headley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45242
I specialize in treating individuals with anxiety, depression, relationship issues and codependency.
At Insight Therapeutic Services, I emphasize the integration of body, mind and spirit. I recognize that all three aspects of one's self must be balanced in order to maximize our human potential. You will feel calm, relaxed and safe in my comfortable, Blue Ash office environment. I have experience working with a wide variety of clients. I have worked with families, couples and individuals affected by severe mental illness, those who were struggling with transitional life stressors as well as grief, pain and mortality issues.
I specialize in treating individuals with anxiety, depression, relationship issues and codependency.
At Insight Therapeutic Services, I emphasize the integration of body, mind and spirit. I recognize that all three aspects of one's self must be balanced in order to maximize our human potential. You will feel calm, relaxed and safe in my comfortable, Blue Ash office environment. I have experience working with a wide variety of clients. I have worked with families, couples and individuals affected by severe mental illness, those who were struggling with transitional life stressors as well as grief, pain and mortality issues.
(513) 924-4280 View (513) 924-4280
Photo of Chris Featherstone, Psychologist in Darke County, OH
Chris Featherstone
Psychologist, PhD, MTS
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43214
I work with adolescents and adults. I specialize in trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, faith-based dilemmas, and marital/couples therapy. I am passionate about helping clients find the strength they need to get through difficult times in their lives and help clients improve their quality of life. My approach incorporates both life coaching and strengths-based perspective.
I work with adolescents and adults. I specialize in trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, faith-based dilemmas, and marital/couples therapy. I am passionate about helping clients find the strength they need to get through difficult times in their lives and help clients improve their quality of life. My approach incorporates both life coaching and strengths-based perspective.
(614) 908-4623 View (614) 908-4623
Photo of Tia Hale, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Darke County, OH
Tia Hale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Middletown, OH 45044  (Online Only)
The relationship is crucial in a therapeutic setting and helps to facilitate changes you want for your life.
Do you feel like the trauma in your life has defined you and hindered the person you would like to be? Look no further through specialized trauma treatments we aim to improve daily functioning and decrease any unwanted symptoms through reprocessing traumatic events.
The relationship is crucial in a therapeutic setting and helps to facilitate changes you want for your life.
Do you feel like the trauma in your life has defined you and hindered the person you would like to be? Look no further through specialized trauma treatments we aim to improve daily functioning and decrease any unwanted symptoms through reprocessing traumatic events.
(937) 998-4477 View (937) 998-4477
Photo of Gwendolyn Rees, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Darke County, OH
Gwendolyn Rees
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Worthington, OH 43085
There are few professional relationships where trust, a commitment to openness, and creating a safe environment are more important than in the client/therapist dynamic. Finding the right therapist can be a difficult but essential feature in creating personal growth and fulfillment. It is my passionate belief that this working relationship between client and therapist is the foundation of successful treatment. I have over sixteen years of experience working with a broad and varied range of individuals struggling with a myriad of challenges, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, eating disorders, isolation, sexuality, gender identity, and relationship issues.
There are few professional relationships where trust, a commitment to openness, and creating a safe environment are more important than in the client/therapist dynamic. Finding the right therapist can be a difficult but essential feature in creating personal growth and fulfillment. It is my passionate belief that this working relationship between client and therapist is the foundation of successful treatment. I have over sixteen years of experience working with a broad and varied range of individuals struggling with a myriad of challenges, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, eating disorders, isolation, sexuality, gender identity, and relationship issues.
(614) 341-7090 View (614) 341-7090
Photo of Beth Tamborski, Counselor in Darke County, OH
Beth Tamborski
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
New Albany, OH 43054  (Online Only)
Welcome! I’m glad you’ve decided to reach out for counseling, as I know it can often be a difficult step to take. I look forward to getting to know you as you explore what brought you here. I have over 20 years of experience in the mental health field working with individuals of all age ranges. I enjoy working with individuals and couples and utilize a person-centered approach, where I meet each individual where they are at on their journey towards wellness. I believe in the mind-body connection and the importance of using a holistic approach to building resilience and meeting life’s challenges.
Welcome! I’m glad you’ve decided to reach out for counseling, as I know it can often be a difficult step to take. I look forward to getting to know you as you explore what brought you here. I have over 20 years of experience in the mental health field working with individuals of all age ranges. I enjoy working with individuals and couples and utilize a person-centered approach, where I meet each individual where they are at on their journey towards wellness. I believe in the mind-body connection and the importance of using a holistic approach to building resilience and meeting life’s challenges.
(614) 683-4113 View (614) 683-4113
Photo of Mason Family Counseling With Medication Management, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Darke County, OH
Mason Family Counseling With Medication Management
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LICDC-S, APRN, LPCC
Verified Verified
Mason, OH 45040
Mason Family Counseling is a group Behavioral Health Agency treating mental health and substance abuse problems using counseling, therapy, and/or psychotherapy. Mason Family Counseling serves the greater Cincinnati area with face-to-face or online services at our office in Mason, Ohio. We specialize in the treatment of families, couples, individuals, children, and teens. Our aim is to help you solve life's large and small problems. Comprehensive & Confidential Evaluations. Most insurance accepted, as well as self-pay. Immediate appointments available Online Counseling available via phone or video conference. Licensed social workers, counselors, psychologists, and nurse practitioners on staff.
Mason Family Counseling is a group Behavioral Health Agency treating mental health and substance abuse problems using counseling, therapy, and/or psychotherapy. Mason Family Counseling serves the greater Cincinnati area with face-to-face or online services at our office in Mason, Ohio. We specialize in the treatment of families, couples, individuals, children, and teens. Our aim is to help you solve life's large and small problems. Comprehensive & Confidential Evaluations. Most insurance accepted, as well as self-pay. Immediate appointments available Online Counseling available via phone or video conference. Licensed social workers, counselors, psychologists, and nurse practitioners on staff.
(513) 823-3184 View (513) 823-3184
Photo of ClearView Counseling Services in Darke County, OH
ClearView Counseling Services
MA, LPCC-S, LISW, MFT, PhD
Verified Verified
Fairfield, OH 45014
Marriage and Family Therapy, Divorce Mediation, Individual Counseling for Children, Adolescents and Adults, Anger Management Training, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Relaxation Training, Parenting Skills Education, Relationship Enhancement, Premarital Counseling for Couples, Addictions Assessment and Treatment.
ClearView provides individual, couple, family, and group counseling to children, adolescents and adults. We serve those struggling with addictions, depression, anxiety, loss and other life transitions, sexual and other trauma, relationship difficulties, school performance, school attendance, school behavior, and career uncertainty, among other occurrences and situations. ClearView has offices in Fairfield and Milford. To make an appointment, please call (513) 860-1100.
Marriage and Family Therapy, Divorce Mediation, Individual Counseling for Children, Adolescents and Adults, Anger Management Training, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Relaxation Training, Parenting Skills Education, Relationship Enhancement, Premarital Counseling for Couples, Addictions Assessment and Treatment.
ClearView provides individual, couple, family, and group counseling to children, adolescents and adults. We serve those struggling with addictions, depression, anxiety, loss and other life transitions, sexual and other trauma, relationship difficulties, school performance, school attendance, school behavior, and career uncertainty, among other occurrences and situations. ClearView has offices in Fairfield and Milford. To make an appointment, please call (513) 860-1100.
(513) 806-2806 View (513) 806-2806
Photo of Comprehensive Services Inc, Psychologist in Darke County, OH
Comprehensive Services Inc
Psychologist, PhD, BCN
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43220
I love my work. I have really enjoyed getting to know my clients over the past 35 years. Although I consult with adults, adolescents & children, I also see many couples and families. My clients are never the problem, they have problems and need solutions and strategies to get "unstuck" or make changes in their lives. I have also found personal, business and career coaching helpful to many clients. I am the owner of a large practice with psychologists, psychiatrists & counselors. If my hours or approach does not fit your needs I will find someone who can assist you.
I love my work. I have really enjoyed getting to know my clients over the past 35 years. Although I consult with adults, adolescents & children, I also see many couples and families. My clients are never the problem, they have problems and need solutions and strategies to get "unstuck" or make changes in their lives. I have also found personal, business and career coaching helpful to many clients. I am the owner of a large practice with psychologists, psychiatrists & counselors. If my hours or approach does not fit your needs I will find someone who can assist you.
(614) 524-4949 View (614) 524-4949
Photo of Dominique Martin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Darke County, OH
Dominique Martin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS , I-MFT
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43219
Are you experiencing anxiety or depression? Are you feeling overwhelmed by life stressors?Are you feeling stuck in your relationship? Are you struggling to communicate to your partner or others? Are you experiencing family conflict? Do you need help sorting through emotional distress? Are you having trouble adjusting or transitioning to change or a life event? Have you experienced a traumatic event? Are you experiencing grief due to the loss of a loved one? Do you struggle to set boundaries? Are you feeling stuck and unsure of how to move forward in life?Are you seeking to get insight & awareness about yourself or your experiences?
Are you experiencing anxiety or depression? Are you feeling overwhelmed by life stressors?Are you feeling stuck in your relationship? Are you struggling to communicate to your partner or others? Are you experiencing family conflict? Do you need help sorting through emotional distress? Are you having trouble adjusting or transitioning to change or a life event? Have you experienced a traumatic event? Are you experiencing grief due to the loss of a loved one? Do you struggle to set boundaries? Are you feeling stuck and unsure of how to move forward in life?Are you seeking to get insight & awareness about yourself or your experiences?
(614) 418-6236 View (614) 418-6236
Photo of Starks Counseling & Consultation Services, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Darke County, OH
Starks Counseling & Consultation Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43215
Her specialty is treating children, adults, families and couples who have experienced trauma (i.
Stephanie K. Starks, LISW-S, is a therapist and owner of Starks Counseling & Consultation Services, LLC . She 20 years of experience providing trauma-focused therapy. The goal at Starks Counseling is to provide “hope and healing” in a calm, supportive, and non-judgmental therapeutic environment. She and her staff do this by empowering their clients with the knowledge, skills and confidence to be active participants in their own healing, as they believe that they are all simply vessels in which to help facilitate the healing process.
Her specialty is treating children, adults, families and couples who have experienced trauma (i.
Stephanie K. Starks, LISW-S, is a therapist and owner of Starks Counseling & Consultation Services, LLC . She 20 years of experience providing trauma-focused therapy. The goal at Starks Counseling is to provide “hope and healing” in a calm, supportive, and non-judgmental therapeutic environment. She and her staff do this by empowering their clients with the knowledge, skills and confidence to be active participants in their own healing, as they believe that they are all simply vessels in which to help facilitate the healing process.
(614) 831-1396 View (614) 831-1396
Photo of Jeralyn R Tharp Lpcc-S Licdc, Counselor in Darke County, OH
Jeralyn R Tharp Lpcc-S Licdc
Counselor, MEd , LPCC-S, LICDC, LMHC FL, Gamb
Verified Verified
Englewood, OH 45322  (Online Only)
Welcome I hope to be part of your support journey as you seek hope, health and recovery to various life challenges . I have over 25 years experience providing Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment in a great deal of diverse settings. I am interested in learning more about (you ) and (your ) goals and objectives for therapy. I believe a counseling relationship works best when you are comfortable with a therapist and free to be who you are. I help you reach this goal by bringing to the session , experience , honesty of myself , kindness and genuine regard. I am part of the Veteran Choice Programs to receive VA referrals.
Welcome I hope to be part of your support journey as you seek hope, health and recovery to various life challenges . I have over 25 years experience providing Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment in a great deal of diverse settings. I am interested in learning more about (you ) and (your ) goals and objectives for therapy. I believe a counseling relationship works best when you are comfortable with a therapist and free to be who you are. I help you reach this goal by bringing to the session , experience , honesty of myself , kindness and genuine regard. I am part of the Veteran Choice Programs to receive VA referrals.
(850) 279-5214 View (850) 279-5214
Photo of Dr. Steven A Ingram, Counselor in Darke County, OH
Dr. Steven A Ingram
Counselor, DMin, LPCC-S, LSW
Verified Verified
West Chester, OH 45069
My clients want to live richer, more emotionally balanced lives and have more fulfilling relationships. They are curious about their lives: "Is this all there is?" or "How did I get into this mess?" My clients soon realize that "going it alone in silence" is depressing and not hopeful. They see me as a trusted friend who cares about them. I see people just like you--healing from loss and grief due to the endings of relationships. I counsel parents who have relationship issues with their adult children. I help persons when their religion/spirituality seems to have ended. I help couples repair and rekindle their relationship.
My clients want to live richer, more emotionally balanced lives and have more fulfilling relationships. They are curious about their lives: "Is this all there is?" or "How did I get into this mess?" My clients soon realize that "going it alone in silence" is depressing and not hopeful. They see me as a trusted friend who cares about them. I see people just like you--healing from loss and grief due to the endings of relationships. I counsel parents who have relationship issues with their adult children. I help persons when their religion/spirituality seems to have ended. I help couples repair and rekindle their relationship.
(937) 821-5618 View (937) 821-5618

See more therapy options for Darke County

Couples Counseling Therapists

Does couples counseling work?

Research shows that couples counseling is effective; it can reduce relationship distress and improve emotional awareness, communication, empathy, intimacy, and overall relationship satisfaction. For example, emotionally focused therapy was found to be effective for about 75 percent of couples, and those benefits lasted at least two years.

When should a couple seek counseling?

Couples can benefit from counseling if they consistently struggle in their relationship. They may have lost the ability to communicate effectively, become entrenched in harmful patterns, begun to fight more than usual, broken the other’s trust, suffered from a mental or physical illness, or faced any number of other challenges. Many therapists offer free consultations, so if a couple isn’t sure whether therapy is necessary, asking directly can provide clarity.

How can I get my partner to go to couples therapy?

The decision to seek couples therapy is often driven by one partner, who then convinces the other to participate. When discussing the idea, the initiator should be direct and assertive. They can state the problems they see and explain how the relationship would benefit from therapy. In more serious cases, they can also explain how their relationship may suffer without making any changes or seeking professional help.

How does a couple prepare for couples counseling?

The anticipation of beginning couples counseling can be difficult—sometimes more difficult than the first session itself. Taking a few moments to reflect can allay those concerns: What are the current challenges? When and how did they begin? What do they want the relationship to look like in the future? Reflecting on these questions can help individuals or couples articulate their goals. Of course, the therapist will also ask questions and guide couples through the process.