Therapists in Atlanta, GA

View neighborhoods in Atlanta
Photo of Patrice Early in Atlanta, GA
Patrice Early
LCSW
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30311
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I work with clients to build a life that allows for the need to show up for others to coexist with investing in our own emotional and mental wellness. Through our work together, you can expect to explore boundary setting, educational tools, and coping skills to build resilience, and show up each day despite life’s hardships. I work with adults that reside in the state of Georgia and are seeking therapy to address symptoms of anxiety, major life transitions, depression, stress, and relational trauma.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I work with clients to build a life that allows for the need to show up for others to coexist with investing in our own emotional and mental wellness. Through our work together, you can expect to explore boundary setting, educational tools, and coping skills to build resilience, and show up each day despite life’s hardships. I work with adults that reside in the state of Georgia and are seeking therapy to address symptoms of anxiety, major life transitions, depression, stress, and relational trauma.
(404) 476-6218 View (404) 476-6218
Photo of Amy Kemp-Wellmeier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Atlanta, GA
Amy Kemp-Wellmeier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30303  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker( LCSW) with over 25 years of clinical experience. I received my Masters from the University of Maryland.
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker( LCSW) with over 25 years of clinical experience. I received my Masters from the University of Maryland.
(470) 339-7723 View (470) 339-7723
Photo of Kareen Ror Malone, LPC. Ph.D., Licensed Professional Counselor in Atlanta, GA
Kareen Ror Malone, LPC. Ph.D.
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30305
Not accepting new clients
After 27 years of teaching, I retired from the innovative West Georgia Psychology Department, opening a practice in Atlanta, Georgia. It specializes in intensive psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. My psychotherapy is informed by existential and humanistic training. I trained with the Jungian, Thomas Moore. I have engaged in learning Lacanian psychoanalysis since the 1990's. (Quebec City & New York City) Anyone who finds herself or himself baffled by patterns of unsatisfying behavior, unexplained physical or emotional suffering, or coming to terms with loss, may find my practice helpful. This approach sees a client as a singular person with a history and story, containing truths and possibilities .
After 27 years of teaching, I retired from the innovative West Georgia Psychology Department, opening a practice in Atlanta, Georgia. It specializes in intensive psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. My psychotherapy is informed by existential and humanistic training. I trained with the Jungian, Thomas Moore. I have engaged in learning Lacanian psychoanalysis since the 1990's. (Quebec City & New York City) Anyone who finds herself or himself baffled by patterns of unsatisfying behavior, unexplained physical or emotional suffering, or coming to terms with loss, may find my practice helpful. This approach sees a client as a singular person with a history and story, containing truths and possibilities .
(404) 471-3167 View (404) 471-3167
Photo of Simon Fragakis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Atlanta, GA
Simon Fragakis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30305
I have a passion in helping people to thrive and build lives worth living. As a mental health therapist, my practice is concentrated on children and adolescents, and emerging adults, though I also enjoy working with individuals and families of all ages. I currently offer support to those who experience difficult life transitions, anxiety, depression, ADD/ADHD, mood dysregulation, and interpersonal conflict.
I have a passion in helping people to thrive and build lives worth living. As a mental health therapist, my practice is concentrated on children and adolescents, and emerging adults, though I also enjoy working with individuals and families of all ages. I currently offer support to those who experience difficult life transitions, anxiety, depression, ADD/ADHD, mood dysregulation, and interpersonal conflict.
(404) 649-0385 View (404) 649-0385
Photo of Aria Garcia, Licensed Professional Counselor in Atlanta, GA
Aria Garcia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30350  (Online Only)
Aria Garcia is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Georgia and a National Certified Counselor. For the past several years, she's been providing individual and group therapy to adults seeking help with substance abuse and co-occurring disorders, including substance abuse, grief, loss, low self-esteem, women's issues, anger, relationship issues, and more. Aria completed her Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Georgia Southern University and received her Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from East Tennessee State University.
Aria Garcia is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Georgia and a National Certified Counselor. For the past several years, she's been providing individual and group therapy to adults seeking help with substance abuse and co-occurring disorders, including substance abuse, grief, loss, low self-esteem, women's issues, anger, relationship issues, and more. Aria completed her Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Georgia Southern University and received her Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from East Tennessee State University.
(470) 688-1356 View (470) 688-1356
Photo of Caroline Bozarth, Licensed Professional Counselor in Atlanta, GA
Caroline Bozarth
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30309
Caroline Bozarth is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Georgia who has been practicing since 2018. She received her Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Mercer University and her Bachelor of Arts from Duke University. Caroline sees adults for individual therapy. She works with clients on a wide range of issues, including life changes, mental health symptoms such as anxiety and depression, and substance abuse concerns. Caroline. Caroline employs a person-centered approach, often complementing talk therapy with DBT interventions. In her spare time, Caroline enjoys walking, reading, gardening, and cooking.
Caroline Bozarth is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Georgia who has been practicing since 2018. She received her Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Mercer University and her Bachelor of Arts from Duke University. Caroline sees adults for individual therapy. She works with clients on a wide range of issues, including life changes, mental health symptoms such as anxiety and depression, and substance abuse concerns. Caroline. Caroline employs a person-centered approach, often complementing talk therapy with DBT interventions. In her spare time, Caroline enjoys walking, reading, gardening, and cooking.
(404) 982-4226 View (404) 982-4226
Photo of Faye Borja, Licensed Professional Counselor in Atlanta, GA
Faye Borja
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CPCS
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30327  (Online Only)
I know it might be scary to think about sharing your struggles with a stranger, even more so with a professional. I am only here to listen with an open mind and heart. My role is to guide you towards your greatest potential. Even being able to communicate your feelings and difficulties is an accomplishment.
I know it might be scary to think about sharing your struggles with a stranger, even more so with a professional. I am only here to listen with an open mind and heart. My role is to guide you towards your greatest potential. Even being able to communicate your feelings and difficulties is an accomplishment.
(404) 941-1625 View (404) 941-1625
Photo of Denise Hill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Atlanta, GA
Denise Hill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30344
Welcome! My name is Denise Hill and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 13 years of experience and have been a nationally certified Master Addiction Counselor since 2016. My clients may struggle with anxiety, depression, managing stress, or working through stage-of-life difficulties. They may have identified that alcohol or drugs are having more influence in their life than they’d prefer or are resulting in negative consequences. My passion is providing therapy services to clients to help them reach their goals and improve their lives.
Welcome! My name is Denise Hill and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 13 years of experience and have been a nationally certified Master Addiction Counselor since 2016. My clients may struggle with anxiety, depression, managing stress, or working through stage-of-life difficulties. They may have identified that alcohol or drugs are having more influence in their life than they’d prefer or are resulting in negative consequences. My passion is providing therapy services to clients to help them reach their goals and improve their lives.
(678) 509-6693 View (678) 509-6693
Photo of Katina Pittman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Atlanta, GA
Katina Pittman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30315
My name is Dr. Katina Pittman. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Georgia with 16 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress, anxiety, and depression. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. I am here to support & empower you in that journey.
My name is Dr. Katina Pittman. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Georgia with 16 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress, anxiety, and depression. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. I am here to support & empower you in that journey.
(470) 664-5680 View (470) 664-5680
Photo of Renita Patel, Counselor in Atlanta, GA
Renita Patel
Counselor, MS, APC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Atlanta, GA 30309
Life can sometimes feel like one big puzzle that we are constantly trying to piece together. We often lose our sense of self as we attempt to create this beautiful picture. But what is behind that social media post? Are you taking care of your wellbeing while managing the expectations and demands of your world around you? My goal in working with you is to restore balance back to your life and help you feel more grounded! Whether you are struggling with topics like perinatal depression or anxiety, infertility, maternal burnout, systemic generational trauma, culturally specific topics, or marital issues, I am here for you.
Life can sometimes feel like one big puzzle that we are constantly trying to piece together. We often lose our sense of self as we attempt to create this beautiful picture. But what is behind that social media post? Are you taking care of your wellbeing while managing the expectations and demands of your world around you? My goal in working with you is to restore balance back to your life and help you feel more grounded! Whether you are struggling with topics like perinatal depression or anxiety, infertility, maternal burnout, systemic generational trauma, culturally specific topics, or marital issues, I am here for you.
(470) 223-0060 View (470) 223-0060
Photo of Scott J Leenan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Atlanta, GA
Scott J Leenan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CRC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30306
Scott Leenan’s approach to psychotherapy is rooted in a variety of therapeutic modalities, including dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), mindfulness, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), positive psychology, narrative therapy and existentialism. For Scott, becoming human is a project; our task is not so much to discover who we are, but rather to ‘create’ ourselves. During therapy sessions, he works with clients to identify and examine their personal values and priorities, beliefs, goals, and perceptions of reality. He also works with clients on stress management, personal growth and development, finding purpose and cultivating balance.
Scott Leenan’s approach to psychotherapy is rooted in a variety of therapeutic modalities, including dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), mindfulness, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), positive psychology, narrative therapy and existentialism. For Scott, becoming human is a project; our task is not so much to discover who we are, but rather to ‘create’ ourselves. During therapy sessions, he works with clients to identify and examine their personal values and priorities, beliefs, goals, and perceptions of reality. He also works with clients on stress management, personal growth and development, finding purpose and cultivating balance.
(404) 341-6796 View (404) 341-6796
Photo of Mark Dennis Ackerman, Psychologist in Atlanta, GA
Mark Dennis Ackerman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30324
I have expertise treating addictive behavior, sexual difficulties, mood disorders and have helped many people overcome challenges with unhealthy lifestyle habits, relationship conflict, career transitions and attention deficit disorder (ADD). I will work closely and collaboratively with you to identify barriers and help you overcome obstacles to enhance your health and improve your relationships and quality of life. I draw from many therapy perspectives including CBT and choose those that will work best for the problems presented. Sessions are pragmatic and combine insight with learning new approaches to facilitate change.
I have expertise treating addictive behavior, sexual difficulties, mood disorders and have helped many people overcome challenges with unhealthy lifestyle habits, relationship conflict, career transitions and attention deficit disorder (ADD). I will work closely and collaboratively with you to identify barriers and help you overcome obstacles to enhance your health and improve your relationships and quality of life. I draw from many therapy perspectives including CBT and choose those that will work best for the problems presented. Sessions are pragmatic and combine insight with learning new approaches to facilitate change.
(678) 824-2441 View (678) 824-2441
Photo of Bethany Comeau, Licensed Professional Counselor in Atlanta, GA
Bethany Comeau
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30342  (Online Only)
For as long as you can remember, perfectionism and people-pleasing have been your superpowers. Over the years, you’ve been described by others as conscientious, a hard worker, and maybe even an overachiever. But secretly, part of you actually believes that you’re an imposter and you’re terrified that people will eventually figure it out. Even worse, the thought of disappointing someone or telling them, “No,” overwhelms you with guilt. You wonder who you are without the approval of others, and you question your ability to trust your decisions. In short, you constantly feel like you have to manage other people's perceptions of you.
For as long as you can remember, perfectionism and people-pleasing have been your superpowers. Over the years, you’ve been described by others as conscientious, a hard worker, and maybe even an overachiever. But secretly, part of you actually believes that you’re an imposter and you’re terrified that people will eventually figure it out. Even worse, the thought of disappointing someone or telling them, “No,” overwhelms you with guilt. You wonder who you are without the approval of others, and you question your ability to trust your decisions. In short, you constantly feel like you have to manage other people's perceptions of you.
(678) 251-9235 View (678) 251-9235
Photo of Cathy Weinstein Schiff LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Atlanta, GA
Cathy Weinstein Schiff LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30326
I am an LCSW specializing in individual, couple's and family therapy. My approach is eclectic, incorporating a variety of techniques to meet the needs of each client. Therapy is a collaborative effort and I enjoy guiding clients to identify their own strengths and inner resources. I believe in giving clients the tools and support they need to move ahead on their own, knowing support is available when they need it from me. I have new patient appointment availability to see older adolescents and adults of all ages. I welcome all individuals regardless of sex, religion, sexual preference, or race.
I am an LCSW specializing in individual, couple's and family therapy. My approach is eclectic, incorporating a variety of techniques to meet the needs of each client. Therapy is a collaborative effort and I enjoy guiding clients to identify their own strengths and inner resources. I believe in giving clients the tools and support they need to move ahead on their own, knowing support is available when they need it from me. I have new patient appointment availability to see older adolescents and adults of all ages. I welcome all individuals regardless of sex, religion, sexual preference, or race.
(404) 537-3834 View (404) 537-3834
Photo of Craig Washington, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Atlanta, GA
Craig Washington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30305
We all want to be heard and accepted. Do you find it hard to fit in, to feel accepted or accept yourself as you are? Do you struggle with focus, motivation, or confidence? Do you frequently regret the past and worry about the future? I would like to help you gain more clarity about your needs and make the change you desire. I work with those who have felt alone or less than enough because of addiction, depression, anxiety, unclear thoughts, or because of who they are or whom they love. Clients include Gay Men, HIV+, Couples; Individuals dealing with Anxiety, Depression, Addiction, Self-Harming behaviors.
We all want to be heard and accepted. Do you find it hard to fit in, to feel accepted or accept yourself as you are? Do you struggle with focus, motivation, or confidence? Do you frequently regret the past and worry about the future? I would like to help you gain more clarity about your needs and make the change you desire. I work with those who have felt alone or less than enough because of addiction, depression, anxiety, unclear thoughts, or because of who they are or whom they love. Clients include Gay Men, HIV+, Couples; Individuals dealing with Anxiety, Depression, Addiction, Self-Harming behaviors.
(404) 905-3182 x404394 View (404) 905-3182 x404394
Photo of Taylor M Deal, Pre-Licensed Professional in Atlanta, GA
Taylor M Deal
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Atlanta, GA 30339
A compassionate and experienced therapist who believes in the transformative power of creativity. With a MA in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Truett McConnell University and multiple years of experience in residential and outpatient settings, I have a proven ability to help individuals navigate a wide range of challenges, including trauma, attachment, anxiety, ADHD, relational concerns, identity, and life transitions.
A compassionate and experienced therapist who believes in the transformative power of creativity. With a MA in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Truett McConnell University and multiple years of experience in residential and outpatient settings, I have a proven ability to help individuals navigate a wide range of challenges, including trauma, attachment, anxiety, ADHD, relational concerns, identity, and life transitions.
(770) 800-8387 View (770) 800-8387
Photo of Tamara Hunter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Atlanta, GA
Tamara Hunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, DMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Atlanta, GA 30308  (Online Only)
Hello, I am Tamara Hunter, Founder of Womb Wisdom Wellness. I am committed helping women/birthing people identify inner strengths to prioritize their mental and emotional wellness. I offer holistic person centered approach to therapy rooted in empowerment, identifying inner strengths which supports growth, self development and inner healing. Together, we will explore and create sustainable coping strategies to assist navigating life's uncertainty while maintaining harmony of your mind, body and spirit.
Hello, I am Tamara Hunter, Founder of Womb Wisdom Wellness. I am committed helping women/birthing people identify inner strengths to prioritize their mental and emotional wellness. I offer holistic person centered approach to therapy rooted in empowerment, identifying inner strengths which supports growth, self development and inner healing. Together, we will explore and create sustainable coping strategies to assist navigating life's uncertainty while maintaining harmony of your mind, body and spirit.
(470) 288-3769 View (470) 288-3769
Photo of Open Ear Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Atlanta, GA
Open Ear Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30336  (Online Only)
At times, life can be overwhelming and a challenge to navigate. Whether you are struggling with personal issues, relationships, family or work conflicts, I can help you identify your inner strengths to cope and achieve your goals.
At times, life can be overwhelming and a challenge to navigate. Whether you are struggling with personal issues, relationships, family or work conflicts, I can help you identify your inner strengths to cope and achieve your goals.
(678) 264-3931 View (678) 264-3931
Photo of Jessie Hallberlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Atlanta, GA
Jessie Hallberlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30339  (Online Only)
In my practice, I work with adults, young adults and adolescents with a broad range of challenges. My approach is relational, practical and conversational as I help clients explore relationship issues and everyday stressors in family life, work, and school.
In my practice, I work with adults, young adults and adolescents with a broad range of challenges. My approach is relational, practical and conversational as I help clients explore relationship issues and everyday stressors in family life, work, and school.
(470) 771-7314 View (470) 771-7314
Photo of Martana Eldridge, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Atlanta, GA
Martana Eldridge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30317
At any given moment you can make the decision to live the life you desire. When we avoid addressing our past and present issues, we may develop unhealthy thinking patterns, behaviors and ways of coping that we don't even recognize. & although we may not recognize that these things are happening, it can easily lead to confusion, self doubt, anxiety, fear and even sadness. Healing and transformation are easier said than done and there is nothing wrong with connecting to a professional you can identify with to help you with the process.
At any given moment you can make the decision to live the life you desire. When we avoid addressing our past and present issues, we may develop unhealthy thinking patterns, behaviors and ways of coping that we don't even recognize. & although we may not recognize that these things are happening, it can easily lead to confusion, self doubt, anxiety, fear and even sadness. Healing and transformation are easier said than done and there is nothing wrong with connecting to a professional you can identify with to help you with the process.
(716) 303-0730 View (716) 303-0730

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Atlanta, GA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Atlanta, GA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
71% Coping Skills
67% Stress
62% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
75% Cigna and Evernorth
72% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Atlanta, GA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Atlanta?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.