Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Natalia Manzary, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Natalia Manzary
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
My primary goal is to cultivate a space where clients feel not only comfortable but fully supported. This is achieved through reinforcing the therapeutic relationship and the provision of nonjudgmental insights. Clients can expect a unique strength-focused approach that prioritizes the identification and utilization of their strengths. This approach goes beyond individual strengths, extending its reach to include social and community networks, and nurturing a holistic and multidisciplinary outlook. Together, we work to promote the well-being of this person, focusing on their inherent strengths rather than dwelling on deficits.
My primary goal is to cultivate a space where clients feel not only comfortable but fully supported. This is achieved through reinforcing the therapeutic relationship and the provision of nonjudgmental insights. Clients can expect a unique strength-focused approach that prioritizes the identification and utilization of their strengths. This approach goes beyond individual strengths, extending its reach to include social and community networks, and nurturing a holistic and multidisciplinary outlook. Together, we work to promote the well-being of this person, focusing on their inherent strengths rather than dwelling on deficits.
(916) 299-9012 View (916) 299-9012
Photo of Stephen Taft, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Stephen Taft
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Hello! I am Stephen Taft, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. We all reach points in our life when we need some additional support to break out of problem patterns or to manage difficult issues. If you have been experiencing trouble in your relationships, anxiety, depression or have been feeling overwhelmed; it may be a good time to start therapy. Together we can work to build upon your personal strengths to support your growth in order to create a happier and healthier life.
Hello! I am Stephen Taft, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. We all reach points in our life when we need some additional support to break out of problem patterns or to manage difficult issues. If you have been experiencing trouble in your relationships, anxiety, depression or have been feeling overwhelmed; it may be a good time to start therapy. Together we can work to build upon your personal strengths to support your growth in order to create a happier and healthier life.
(530) 517-6130 View (530) 517-6130
Photo of Shelly Simpson Lcsw, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Shelly Simpson Lcsw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Everyone is struggling and seeking clarity to live a more fulfilling life. Each day forces us as individuals to face uncertainty and potential discomfort where it becomes easier to shut down instead of learn to cope and grow towards our potential. It’s paramount to understand our prior experiences and how trauma continues to live with us in order to become equipped to tackle life for ourselves and with our relationships. I can help in your struggles to gain peace , serenity and freedom from anxiety and depression
Everyone is struggling and seeking clarity to live a more fulfilling life. Each day forces us as individuals to face uncertainty and potential discomfort where it becomes easier to shut down instead of learn to cope and grow towards our potential. It’s paramount to understand our prior experiences and how trauma continues to live with us in order to become equipped to tackle life for ourselves and with our relationships. I can help in your struggles to gain peace , serenity and freedom from anxiety and depression
(916) 545-1438 View (916) 545-1438
Photo of Jenelle Okkerse, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Jenelle Okkerse
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826
I have spent the last 20 years providing mental health services to children and adults as I feel it is my calling. I am systems oriented as I do not believe that we exist in a vacuum. We are all influenced by the environment we live in. There are times when we all need assistance in navigating our individual systems.
I have spent the last 20 years providing mental health services to children and adults as I feel it is my calling. I am systems oriented as I do not believe that we exist in a vacuum. We are all influenced by the environment we live in. There are times when we all need assistance in navigating our individual systems.
(916) 659-8028 View (916) 659-8028
Photo of Ned Butler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Ned Butler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, PhD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814
I specialize in relationships. Does your mate cause you to suffer? Is your relationship one of intolerable conflict or quiet desperation? People with such suffering often rush to breakup or divorce. Don't. Back away slowly instead. In leaving, not only do you waste the chance to save this relationship but also the chance to know yourself better. If you rush, you will likely repeat these problems in the next relationship.
I specialize in relationships. Does your mate cause you to suffer? Is your relationship one of intolerable conflict or quiet desperation? People with such suffering often rush to breakup or divorce. Don't. Back away slowly instead. In leaving, not only do you waste the chance to save this relationship but also the chance to know yourself better. If you rush, you will likely repeat these problems in the next relationship.
(916) 678-0941 View (916) 678-0941
Photo of Rosa Di Lorenzo, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Rosa Di Lorenzo
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
How would you like to live a vital, fulfilling life and reduce the effects of stress and anxiety that keep you stuck? I offer integrative mind/body approaches to health and wellness, including ACT and Mindfulness-based psychotherapy, Somatic Experiencing, a tailored use of meditation and body awareness techniques, suggestions for lifestyle adjustments, and emphasis on Being in the moment. I am also interested in existential issues like aging, transitions and losses, relationships/communication problems, and managing changes. Being mother tongue Italian, I am happy to offer bilingual services to Italian-speaking clients.
How would you like to live a vital, fulfilling life and reduce the effects of stress and anxiety that keep you stuck? I offer integrative mind/body approaches to health and wellness, including ACT and Mindfulness-based psychotherapy, Somatic Experiencing, a tailored use of meditation and body awareness techniques, suggestions for lifestyle adjustments, and emphasis on Being in the moment. I am also interested in existential issues like aging, transitions and losses, relationships/communication problems, and managing changes. Being mother tongue Italian, I am happy to offer bilingual services to Italian-speaking clients.
(916) 525-8595 View (916) 525-8595
Photo of Makalia J Zinn, LPC Intern in Sacramento, CA
Makalia J Zinn
LPC Intern, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95818  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who is in a space where they are comfortable with confronting the things that have made their life difficult. A person who is ready to move forward mindfully to create the life they desire to live without maladaptive coping strategies.
My ideal client is someone who is in a space where they are comfortable with confronting the things that have made their life difficult. A person who is ready to move forward mindfully to create the life they desire to live without maladaptive coping strategies.
(916) 527-9288 View (916) 527-9288
Photo of Christine Brady, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Christine Brady
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95822
Waitlist for new clients
Stressors, challenging relationships, and difficult emotions can create discontent undermining your sense of purpose in life. My desire is to walk along- side you to discover who you are meant to be regardless of your experience, helping you to lead the life you envision for yourself. While no one can change the difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve the challenges in your life.
Stressors, challenging relationships, and difficult emotions can create discontent undermining your sense of purpose in life. My desire is to walk along- side you to discover who you are meant to be regardless of your experience, helping you to lead the life you envision for yourself. While no one can change the difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve the challenges in your life.
(916) 633-7931 View (916) 633-7931
Photo of Kandi Dudley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kandi Dudley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95820
My job is not to give advice but help guide you through the process that leads to decision-making, insight, awareness, and confirming the beauty within you. I need to help you build resilience and self-efficacy to continue to apply these skills as you encounter future changes and challenges in life. Life is about change and transition.
My job is not to give advice but help guide you through the process that leads to decision-making, insight, awareness, and confirming the beauty within you. I need to help you build resilience and self-efficacy to continue to apply these skills as you encounter future changes and challenges in life. Life is about change and transition.
(916) 507-1493 View (916) 507-1493
Photo of Jamee Hawthorne, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Jamee Hawthorne
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95818  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Welcome and congratulations on taking the first step towards your healing journey! I work with individuals from all walks of life and specialize working with the BIPOC (Black, Indigenous and People of Color) community. I work with teens and adults who may be seeking therapy to process trauma, implement healthy boundaries, or strengthen relationships with themselves and/or others. I work with couples and families through an attachment lens to help you identify and step out of the negative cycles so that you may find your way to secure emotional connections which foster safe, stable, and more satisfying close relationships.
Welcome and congratulations on taking the first step towards your healing journey! I work with individuals from all walks of life and specialize working with the BIPOC (Black, Indigenous and People of Color) community. I work with teens and adults who may be seeking therapy to process trauma, implement healthy boundaries, or strengthen relationships with themselves and/or others. I work with couples and families through an attachment lens to help you identify and step out of the negative cycles so that you may find your way to secure emotional connections which foster safe, stable, and more satisfying close relationships.
(530) 853-3631 View (530) 853-3631
Photo of Priscilla Padilla, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Priscilla Padilla
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95814
Asking for help for yourself or a loved one can be difficult. Sharing your life experiences, thoughts and feelings with a complete stranger is even more difficult. That is why I believe that it is important to build a strong foundation of trust and help you feel comfortable and safe enough to share your story and life experiences with me. Finding a good fit with a therapist is very important to reach your goals and is key to growth and bringing forth your inner strength.
Asking for help for yourself or a loved one can be difficult. Sharing your life experiences, thoughts and feelings with a complete stranger is even more difficult. That is why I believe that it is important to build a strong foundation of trust and help you feel comfortable and safe enough to share your story and life experiences with me. Finding a good fit with a therapist is very important to reach your goals and is key to growth and bringing forth your inner strength.
(916) 553-2369 View (916) 553-2369
Photo of Tatiana Glebova, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Tatiana Glebova
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Not accepting new clients
Do you feel you tried your best to resolve your problems in vain? Do you feel stuck in your efforts to make your relationship work? Therapy may seem unnatural -you are hiring a stranger to look into your personal problems. However, when everything else fails, it is a smart decision to seek external help and use accumulated wisdom and professional knowledge which may provide you with new perspectives and insights. My approach to therapy is to discover untapped resources and strengths within your relationships and yourself to help you find solutions for your problems.
Do you feel you tried your best to resolve your problems in vain? Do you feel stuck in your efforts to make your relationship work? Therapy may seem unnatural -you are hiring a stranger to look into your personal problems. However, when everything else fails, it is a smart decision to seek external help and use accumulated wisdom and professional knowledge which may provide you with new perspectives and insights. My approach to therapy is to discover untapped resources and strengths within your relationships and yourself to help you find solutions for your problems.
(916) 303-2729 View (916) 303-2729
Photo of Stephen Young, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Stephen Young
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Everyone needs a safe space to reflect, release, reset, and rest. Are you having trouble understanding your mood, thoughts or emotions? Do you lie in bed late at night with thoughts that will not shut off? Are your emotions or thoughts hindering your relationships or professional life? Do you feel your life is not balanced due to the constant pressure to over perform? Do you find yourself neglecting your relationships with your spouse, children or close loved ones? We all need someone we can trust to walk us through the process of understanding and exploring ways to heal, cope and grow into our most authentic self.
Everyone needs a safe space to reflect, release, reset, and rest. Are you having trouble understanding your mood, thoughts or emotions? Do you lie in bed late at night with thoughts that will not shut off? Are your emotions or thoughts hindering your relationships or professional life? Do you feel your life is not balanced due to the constant pressure to over perform? Do you find yourself neglecting your relationships with your spouse, children or close loved ones? We all need someone we can trust to walk us through the process of understanding and exploring ways to heal, cope and grow into our most authentic self.
(530) 461-5940 View (530) 461-5940
Photo of Autumn Williams-Hertz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Autumn Williams-Hertz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist providing Telehealth sessions to individuals and families in California and Illinois. I have training in systemic family therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Child Parent Psychotherapy (CPP).
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist providing Telehealth sessions to individuals and families in California and Illinois. I have training in systemic family therapy, Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Child Parent Psychotherapy (CPP).
(530) 457-6249 View (530) 457-6249
Photo of Mankowski Mental Health Clinic, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Mankowski Mental Health Clinic
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Rebecca Mankowski, LMFT, is the owner of MMHC, a Clinical Supervisor and certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). As a former Graduate level instructor at CSUS, she teaches and effectively practices crisis and trauma counseling, assessment, diagnosis and treatment of most DSM V disorders. She has extensive experience working with clients from various socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. With experience in the Peace Corps, she is comfortable working globally having lived and traveled on three continents and 17 countries.
Rebecca Mankowski, LMFT, is the owner of MMHC, a Clinical Supervisor and certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). As a former Graduate level instructor at CSUS, she teaches and effectively practices crisis and trauma counseling, assessment, diagnosis and treatment of most DSM V disorders. She has extensive experience working with clients from various socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. With experience in the Peace Corps, she is comfortable working globally having lived and traveled on three continents and 17 countries.
(916) 675-3807 View (916) 675-3807
Photo of Peter Michael Gaffney in Sacramento, CA
Peter Michael Gaffney
MD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Hi everyone. I'm an analytically-trained psychiatrist with a background in family medical practice and also in Buddhism. At this point my practice is adult psychotherapy and I am no longer treating patients who need medication, nor do I treat children. Although I'm trained in psychoanalytic therapy, my approach varies according to individual needs. I see depressed or anxious patients , those struggling with losses, stress, life events, or in their relationships and other issues as well. I have a particular interest in those with severe depression. I also offer individual training in psychodynamics to adult therapists.
Hi everyone. I'm an analytically-trained psychiatrist with a background in family medical practice and also in Buddhism. At this point my practice is adult psychotherapy and I am no longer treating patients who need medication, nor do I treat children. Although I'm trained in psychoanalytic therapy, my approach varies according to individual needs. I see depressed or anxious patients , those struggling with losses, stress, life events, or in their relationships and other issues as well. I have a particular interest in those with severe depression. I also offer individual training in psychodynamics to adult therapists.
(916) 553-2864 View (916) 553-2864
Photo of Julia Hollingshead (Sierra Center For Wellness), Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Julia Hollingshead (Sierra Center For Wellness)
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Not accepting new clients
I have significant experience treating adults and adolescents with eating disorders and am specifically specializing in treating adolescents with eating disorders using Family-Based Treatment. Eating disorder recovery is the goal in working with me. What is eating disorder recovery though? It isn't the absence of disordered thoughts and feelings but instead the absence of disordered behaviors. That begs the question: in recovery, what is present in the absence of disordered behaviors? Normalized eating, which entails eating enough, variety, and regularly, as well as being flexible and eating with enjoyment instead of fear.
I have significant experience treating adults and adolescents with eating disorders and am specifically specializing in treating adolescents with eating disorders using Family-Based Treatment. Eating disorder recovery is the goal in working with me. What is eating disorder recovery though? It isn't the absence of disordered thoughts and feelings but instead the absence of disordered behaviors. That begs the question: in recovery, what is present in the absence of disordered behaviors? Normalized eating, which entails eating enough, variety, and regularly, as well as being flexible and eating with enjoyment instead of fear.
(916) 659-5538 View (916) 659-5538
Photo of Dr. Marcella Kreysa, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Dr. Marcella Kreysa
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Life can be an overwhelming experience for anyone. Things can become especially challenging when a person feels stressed by circumstances beyond their control. Individuals who come to therapy are often very capable human beings who have experienced something in their life that has left them needing some extra support. Many times people begin therapy feeling down and lost. Through a person's work in therapy, they are often able to find some light on their path to help guide them through the pain. This shift creates an opportunity for a person to improve their day-to-day functioning and overall, they FEEL BETTER!!
Life can be an overwhelming experience for anyone. Things can become especially challenging when a person feels stressed by circumstances beyond their control. Individuals who come to therapy are often very capable human beings who have experienced something in their life that has left them needing some extra support. Many times people begin therapy feeling down and lost. Through a person's work in therapy, they are often able to find some light on their path to help guide them through the pain. This shift creates an opportunity for a person to improve their day-to-day functioning and overall, they FEEL BETTER!!
(916) 764-3544 View (916) 764-3544
Photo of Dr. Lori Roberto, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Dr. Lori Roberto
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
Not accepting new clients
Are you stressed, down, worried or not sleeping well? I help people discover inner resources to cope with life's challenges, make change, or move through life transitions. My speciality is helping people with chronic illness or health and body-related issues, stress, insomnia, and physicians & healthcare providers. As a clinical health psychologist with many years of experience, I have seen the impact of mind-body practices to improve health and well being. I offer tailored approaches, including clinical hypnosis, CBT, mindfulness/ACT, and psychodynamic with sensitivity to culture, your life circumstances, and your needs and goals.
Are you stressed, down, worried or not sleeping well? I help people discover inner resources to cope with life's challenges, make change, or move through life transitions. My speciality is helping people with chronic illness or health and body-related issues, stress, insomnia, and physicians & healthcare providers. As a clinical health psychologist with many years of experience, I have seen the impact of mind-body practices to improve health and well being. I offer tailored approaches, including clinical hypnosis, CBT, mindfulness/ACT, and psychodynamic with sensitivity to culture, your life circumstances, and your needs and goals.
(916) 546-4079 View (916) 546-4079
Photo of Jeffrey W Danese, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Sacramento, CA
Jeffrey W Danese
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, MA, LMHC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I graduated from a M.S. mental health counseling program at Eastern Washington University in 1995, got certified and ran a private practice in Seattle from 1995 through 2003. I worked in an outpatient community clinic, an inpatient psychiatric hospital, at retreat centers, and at a college counseling center until starting work on a PhD in Religious Studies and Psychology. I worked, studied, and lived in Europe, East Asia, and Africa before teaching 10 years at San Jose State University, so I am comfortable and confident working with very different sorts of people and I want everyone and anyone to feel welcome and at ease in my care.
I graduated from a M.S. mental health counseling program at Eastern Washington University in 1995, got certified and ran a private practice in Seattle from 1995 through 2003. I worked in an outpatient community clinic, an inpatient psychiatric hospital, at retreat centers, and at a college counseling center until starting work on a PhD in Religious Studies and Psychology. I worked, studied, and lived in Europe, East Asia, and Africa before teaching 10 years at San Jose State University, so I am comfortable and confident working with very different sorts of people and I want everyone and anyone to feel welcome and at ease in my care.
(916) 354-6244 View (916) 354-6244

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.