Therapists in Fair Oaks, CA

Photo of Jamie Pepin, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Fair Oaks, CA
Jamie Pepin
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Are you navigating the complexities of conflict, carrying the weight of stress, or grappling with anxiety? Do you yearn for a sense of peace, well-being, and security in your life? If the desire for change is within you, the solution lies in therapy. Allow me to guide you on the journey toward optimal well-being and resilience. Regardless of the challenges you are facing your transformative journey starts here.
Are you navigating the complexities of conflict, carrying the weight of stress, or grappling with anxiety? Do you yearn for a sense of peace, well-being, and security in your life? If the desire for change is within you, the solution lies in therapy. Allow me to guide you on the journey toward optimal well-being and resilience. Regardless of the challenges you are facing your transformative journey starts here.
(916) 999-5201 View (916) 999-5201
Photo of Julie Tucker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Julie Tucker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety or relationships? Are you having difficulties with marriage, parenting, divorce, or work? Have you had medical trauma that affects every aspect of your life? It can be hard to deal with these issues alone, feeling stuck, and allowing yourself to move forward. Therapy can help. I believe a safe and strong therapeutic relationship is important to foster growth and change. I am attentive and sensitive while providing a safe and nurturing environment where my clients learn, grow, and heal.
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety or relationships? Are you having difficulties with marriage, parenting, divorce, or work? Have you had medical trauma that affects every aspect of your life? It can be hard to deal with these issues alone, feeling stuck, and allowing yourself to move forward. Therapy can help. I believe a safe and strong therapeutic relationship is important to foster growth and change. I am attentive and sensitive while providing a safe and nurturing environment where my clients learn, grow, and heal.
(279) 465-0814 View (279) 465-0814
Photo of Ciara Scott Erler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Ciara Scott Erler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My practice is focused on empowering people to take charge of their lives and work towards goals that they set for themselves. I support individuals, couples and families in identifying patterns that are not working for them and creating cooperative relational dynamics. I enjoy helping people see themselves from a strengths perspective, creating a powerful counter message to the negative messages they may have received.
My practice is focused on empowering people to take charge of their lives and work towards goals that they set for themselves. I support individuals, couples and families in identifying patterns that are not working for them and creating cooperative relational dynamics. I enjoy helping people see themselves from a strengths perspective, creating a powerful counter message to the negative messages they may have received.
(279) 205-4642 View (279) 205-4642
Photo of Andrea Bruce, Psychologist in Fair Oaks, CA
Andrea Bruce
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
I provide psychological services to individuals experiencing difficulties with: anxiety, depression, AD/HD, high functioning Autism, trauma, PTSD/C-PTSD, grief, and relationship difficulties. Additionally, I provide supportive integrative health coaching (as a part of psychological services), for those who experience chronic physical conditions that can interrupt or impact quality of life (ie: pain, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, etc).
I provide psychological services to individuals experiencing difficulties with: anxiety, depression, AD/HD, high functioning Autism, trauma, PTSD/C-PTSD, grief, and relationship difficulties. Additionally, I provide supportive integrative health coaching (as a part of psychological services), for those who experience chronic physical conditions that can interrupt or impact quality of life (ie: pain, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, etc).
(916) 347-4234 View (916) 347-4234
Photo of Kim Caspar, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Kim Caspar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, my goal is to help people become the best version of themselves. No matter your past, I believe with the appropriate information, training and teaching your life can improve. I desire to help people experience transformation and restoration that will last. I have experience working with children, individuals and couples. I subscribe to a family systems approach when working with children and have found it is most beneficial to include parents and siblings in treatment. I also have a passion to help people who have experienced trauma and am trained in EMDR.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, my goal is to help people become the best version of themselves. No matter your past, I believe with the appropriate information, training and teaching your life can improve. I desire to help people experience transformation and restoration that will last. I have experience working with children, individuals and couples. I subscribe to a family systems approach when working with children and have found it is most beneficial to include parents and siblings in treatment. I also have a passion to help people who have experienced trauma and am trained in EMDR.
(916) 619-3961 View (916) 619-3961
Photo of Kristen Crichton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Kristen Crichton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
You are making a huge step in reaching out for help right now! I understand how overwhelming it can be choosing the right therapist for you. My hope is that in choosing to work with me, you will find a safe and supportive environment where you can work through some of life's toughest issues. I feel confident that I can give you the tools you need to get through this trial. I have been successfully helping individuals, couples and families get un-stuck for over a decade. I hope you will give me the chance to help you too!
You are making a huge step in reaching out for help right now! I understand how overwhelming it can be choosing the right therapist for you. My hope is that in choosing to work with me, you will find a safe and supportive environment where you can work through some of life's toughest issues. I feel confident that I can give you the tools you need to get through this trial. I have been successfully helping individuals, couples and families get un-stuck for over a decade. I hope you will give me the chance to help you too!
(916) 226-4738 View (916) 226-4738
Photo of Constance Goins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Constance Goins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADCII
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Has depression, anxiety, chronic pain, or substance use tugged you off the course you thought your life would take? I truly believe that everyone deserves the opportunity to thrive and find meaning and fulfillment in life. With the right support, we can work to promote your recovery and better understand the core elements upholding addictive patterns and states of unwellness in your life. Teaching people how to love themselves first and to prioritize their mental and physical health is a critical first step to break the cycle of addiction.
Has depression, anxiety, chronic pain, or substance use tugged you off the course you thought your life would take? I truly believe that everyone deserves the opportunity to thrive and find meaning and fulfillment in life. With the right support, we can work to promote your recovery and better understand the core elements upholding addictive patterns and states of unwellness in your life. Teaching people how to love themselves first and to prioritize their mental and physical health is a critical first step to break the cycle of addiction.
(916) 655-9864 View (916) 655-9864
Photo of Iris Pachler, Psychologist in Fair Oaks, CA
Iris Pachler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628  (Online Only)
I understand how complicated life can become, leading to such challenges as divorce, struggles raising children, blended families, difficult relationships, trauma, and loss. The ways you have adapted to those challenges may no longer work for you and we can discover new strengths and interactional patterns that can make life easier and simpler. I have helped individuals deal with anxiety and depression, and move through times of loss and trauma. I approach people with authenticity, honesty and openness.
I understand how complicated life can become, leading to such challenges as divorce, struggles raising children, blended families, difficult relationships, trauma, and loss. The ways you have adapted to those challenges may no longer work for you and we can discover new strengths and interactional patterns that can make life easier and simpler. I have helped individuals deal with anxiety and depression, and move through times of loss and trauma. I approach people with authenticity, honesty and openness.
(530) 903-4538 View (530) 903-4538
Photo of Jacob Simon, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Fair Oaks, CA
Jacob Simon
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MPA, AMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
I became a therapist because I want to support people as they work to become their truest selves. Change and growth are possible for everyone, no matter what the circumstances are. You are not alone, and there is nothing wrong with you. Whether you have experienced trauma, as many of us have, or whether you simply want to better understand yourself, therapy is an effective tool to get where you want to go.
I became a therapist because I want to support people as they work to become their truest selves. Change and growth are possible for everyone, no matter what the circumstances are. You are not alone, and there is nothing wrong with you. Whether you have experienced trauma, as many of us have, or whether you simply want to better understand yourself, therapy is an effective tool to get where you want to go.
(916) 975-8812 View (916) 975-8812
Photo of Samuel Stewart, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fair Oaks, CA
Samuel Stewart
Pre-Licensed Professional, APCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Children, Teens, Adults, Couples: can be anxiety provoking for you to first come into therapy, but if you know that we are a safe space, and you will be fully accepted, it can be very rewarding and growth producing for your life. I applaud your effort in coming to therapy. I believe that you are the expert in your life, yet sometimes we need a helping hand along the way, and I am grateful to be a part of your journey. I firmly believe in the benefit of offering unconditional positive regard as a therapeutic orientation. In our sessions you will find a supportive environment, encouragement, tools to apply to life’s obstacles.
Children, Teens, Adults, Couples: can be anxiety provoking for you to first come into therapy, but if you know that we are a safe space, and you will be fully accepted, it can be very rewarding and growth producing for your life. I applaud your effort in coming to therapy. I believe that you are the expert in your life, yet sometimes we need a helping hand along the way, and I am grateful to be a part of your journey. I firmly believe in the benefit of offering unconditional positive regard as a therapeutic orientation. In our sessions you will find a supportive environment, encouragement, tools to apply to life’s obstacles.
(279) 203-0352 View (279) 203-0352
Photo of Tom Paderna, Registered Psychological Assistant in Fair Oaks, CA
Tom Paderna
Registered Psychological Assistant, MS
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
“We are all going through something.” – Anonymous. Feeling stuck, overwhelmed and unable to move forward and live your best life? Oftentimes it’s about your relationships, communicating with your partner, major decisions, or facing life’s unexpected challenges. Every so often it can even be those long-standing issues that you’ve been able to deal with, but this time, you just need a little help. To be human is to be in a relationship. Relationships can be with your spouse or partner, with your family, or even with Yourself.
“We are all going through something.” – Anonymous. Feeling stuck, overwhelmed and unable to move forward and live your best life? Oftentimes it’s about your relationships, communicating with your partner, major decisions, or facing life’s unexpected challenges. Every so often it can even be those long-standing issues that you’ve been able to deal with, but this time, you just need a little help. To be human is to be in a relationship. Relationships can be with your spouse or partner, with your family, or even with Yourself.
(916) 312-1663 x710 View (916) 312-1663 x710
Photo of Christine Rios, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Christine Rios
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Hi there, I'm Christine! My name is Christine Rios, I am Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in California with 7 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with anxiety, stress, relationship issues, trauma, depression, and abuse, using evidence-based therapeutic modalities. I have found that my approach works best for adults ranging from ages 18-60. I feel fairly comfortable working with people who are dealing with life stressors that are impacting their ability to function on a day-to-day basis.
Hi there, I'm Christine! My name is Christine Rios, I am Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in California with 7 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with anxiety, stress, relationship issues, trauma, depression, and abuse, using evidence-based therapeutic modalities. I have found that my approach works best for adults ranging from ages 18-60. I feel fairly comfortable working with people who are dealing with life stressors that are impacting their ability to function on a day-to-day basis.
(916) 249-1984 View (916) 249-1984
Photo of Jessenia Gil, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Jessenia Gil
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
My name is Jesenia Gil, and I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I am passionate about helping individuals overcome challenges with anxiety, depression, stress, life transitions, parenting, and more. I utilize an empathic, collaborative, and integrative approach tailored to each client’s needs. I enjoy working with individuals from diverse backgrounds and cultures. I specialize in working with individuals with symptoms of anxiety, depression, life stressors, transitions, issues with parenting, family conflict, and relationship/peer issues.
My name is Jesenia Gil, and I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I am passionate about helping individuals overcome challenges with anxiety, depression, stress, life transitions, parenting, and more. I utilize an empathic, collaborative, and integrative approach tailored to each client’s needs. I enjoy working with individuals from diverse backgrounds and cultures. I specialize in working with individuals with symptoms of anxiety, depression, life stressors, transitions, issues with parenting, family conflict, and relationship/peer issues.
(916) 345-2177 View (916) 345-2177
Photo of Diana Dicker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Diana Dicker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in children, adolescents, individuals and couples. My approach to therapy is based on the premise that each person has the ability to lead a fulfilling and productive life. Stress, lack of knowledge, losses, family and societal pressures all affect our self-portrait. Therapy is a safe place where a person can develop a more accurate and healthy view of one self. Our self-image and relationships are not static: they are dynamically changing. My approach includes a combination of Cognitive-Behavioral, Person-Centered, and Family Therapy.
I specialize in children, adolescents, individuals and couples. My approach to therapy is based on the premise that each person has the ability to lead a fulfilling and productive life. Stress, lack of knowledge, losses, family and societal pressures all affect our self-portrait. Therapy is a safe place where a person can develop a more accurate and healthy view of one self. Our self-image and relationships are not static: they are dynamically changing. My approach includes a combination of Cognitive-Behavioral, Person-Centered, and Family Therapy.
(916) 472-2581 View (916) 472-2581
Photo of Tyler Harston, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Fair Oaks, CA
Tyler Harston
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT , CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Waitlist for new clients
My work focuses on helping people find more understanding and fulfillment in themselves and their relationships. I often work with those suffering with shame, trauma, repressed emotions, and relational conflict. I enjoy facilitating with couples, individuals, and families by way of practical approaches, a non-judgmental ear, and perspective-lending observation. I believe precise language and nonverbal communication can be hugely impactful on relationships. Having a safe place to reflect on and identify your personal and relational dynamics can lead to more awareness, skills, and peace in your life.
My work focuses on helping people find more understanding and fulfillment in themselves and their relationships. I often work with those suffering with shame, trauma, repressed emotions, and relational conflict. I enjoy facilitating with couples, individuals, and families by way of practical approaches, a non-judgmental ear, and perspective-lending observation. I believe precise language and nonverbal communication can be hugely impactful on relationships. Having a safe place to reflect on and identify your personal and relational dynamics can lead to more awareness, skills, and peace in your life.
(916) 866-8019 View (916) 866-8019
Photo of Karen Sackheim , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Karen Sackheim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628  (Online Only)
Tired of your inner critic running the show? Of the negative experiences from your past creeping their way into your present? It's time to take back control from those internalized negative messages and the story you’ve come to believe about yourself. Let's rewrite that story, starting now. I'm passionate about accompanying people on their healing & empowerment journeys. With a compassion-first approach, I specialize in providing support to those dealing with trauma, chronic pain, anxiety, and depression, as well as those confronting a new diagnosis or rebuilding their self-esteem after years of subscribing to self-limiting beliefs.
Tired of your inner critic running the show? Of the negative experiences from your past creeping their way into your present? It's time to take back control from those internalized negative messages and the story you’ve come to believe about yourself. Let's rewrite that story, starting now. I'm passionate about accompanying people on their healing & empowerment journeys. With a compassion-first approach, I specialize in providing support to those dealing with trauma, chronic pain, anxiety, and depression, as well as those confronting a new diagnosis or rebuilding their self-esteem after years of subscribing to self-limiting beliefs.
(916) 926-0662 View (916) 926-0662
Photo of Marilynn S Irvine, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Marilynn S Irvine
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling to overcome life challenges that seem bigger than you are? Do you find yourself internally preoccupied, at the expense of living a rich and fulfilling life? Is it time to emerge from a difficult past and move forward into an empowered, rewarding, and satisfying future? If you're ready for a personalized coaching/healing experience, aimed towards reclaiming health and vitality, then let's do some good work together!
Are you struggling to overcome life challenges that seem bigger than you are? Do you find yourself internally preoccupied, at the expense of living a rich and fulfilling life? Is it time to emerge from a difficult past and move forward into an empowered, rewarding, and satisfying future? If you're ready for a personalized coaching/healing experience, aimed towards reclaiming health and vitality, then let's do some good work together!
(916) 459-2230 View (916) 459-2230
Photo of Deborah Davis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Deborah Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Do you have an inner critic that's leading you to question yourself and your worth? Learn to love yourself and live authentically Prioritize yourself and your needs without feeling guilty Feel connected and fulfilled in your relationships Communicate with your loved ones in healthy ways. In our work together, we'll focus on helping you quiet your inner critic, identify what you want and express what you need, and ultimately embrace your authentic self. creasing intimacy. We will work on healing past wounds, improving communication, restoring connection, decreasing conflict, solidifying your relationship.
Do you have an inner critic that's leading you to question yourself and your worth? Learn to love yourself and live authentically Prioritize yourself and your needs without feeling guilty Feel connected and fulfilled in your relationships Communicate with your loved ones in healthy ways. In our work together, we'll focus on helping you quiet your inner critic, identify what you want and express what you need, and ultimately embrace your authentic self. creasing intimacy. We will work on healing past wounds, improving communication, restoring connection, decreasing conflict, solidifying your relationship.
(916) 473-2502 View (916) 473-2502
Photo of Jan Osborn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Jan Osborn
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
I have provided individual, couple and family therapy to the community for 25 years and strongly believe that healing and growth is possible. Particular specialties include couple and family therapy including LGBT, anxiety, addiction, grief, and trauma. I utilize both traditional therapy and EMDR (for trauma). We all have past hurts and traumas. Until healed these impact our current relationships and EMDR is a quicker treatment with lasting results.
I have provided individual, couple and family therapy to the community for 25 years and strongly believe that healing and growth is possible. Particular specialties include couple and family therapy including LGBT, anxiety, addiction, grief, and trauma. I utilize both traditional therapy and EMDR (for trauma). We all have past hurts and traumas. Until healed these impact our current relationships and EMDR is a quicker treatment with lasting results.
(916) 525-7900 View (916) 525-7900
Photo of Michelle Mohammadian, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Michelle Mohammadian
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Most of us are able to go through the motions and present ourselves in a way that is perceived that we have it all together. While on the inside, we could be battling negative self-talk, the overwhelm of day to day life or trauma from the past, and struggling to cope with these big feelings in a healthy way. Maybe we are ready to make a change, but are unsure where to begin.
Most of us are able to go through the motions and present ourselves in a way that is perceived that we have it all together. While on the inside, we could be battling negative self-talk, the overwhelm of day to day life or trauma from the past, and struggling to cope with these big feelings in a healthy way. Maybe we are ready to make a change, but are unsure where to begin.
(916) 545-6424 View (916) 545-6424

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fair Oaks, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Fair Oaks, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
93% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
74% Grief
74% Self Esteem
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Optum
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
53% Aetna

How Therapists in Fair Oaks, CA see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fair Oaks?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.