Therapists in Boston, MA

View neighborhoods in Boston
Photo of Kim Kidders-Montoya, Counselor in Boston, MA
Kim Kidders-Montoya
Counselor, LMHC, RDT
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Kim Kidders-Montoya is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) and a Registered Drama Therapist (RDT) with over 6 years of experience. Kim is passionate about working with youth, adults, and their families to help them manage life's transitions and the complexities that make life worth living. Kim specializes in family dynamics, stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, self-esteem, and empowerment. Kim uses empathy and compassion stemming from awareness that everyone comes from different backgrounds and identities.
Kim Kidders-Montoya is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) and a Registered Drama Therapist (RDT) with over 6 years of experience. Kim is passionate about working with youth, adults, and their families to help them manage life's transitions and the complexities that make life worth living. Kim specializes in family dynamics, stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, self-esteem, and empowerment. Kim uses empathy and compassion stemming from awareness that everyone comes from different backgrounds and identities.
(781) 488-7098 View (781) 488-7098
Photo of Kerrie A Greene, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Kerrie A Greene
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
EMAIL preferred! As a therapist for more than a decade, I like to take a collaborative approach to relieve distress, improve well being, and develop new insights. We all fall into patterns of thinking and behaving which might not serve us well. Together we will identify patterns in living that you would like to change and explore how past experiences have shaped your life. I work with teens 16+ & adults who experience maladjustment issues, depression, anxiety, grief, transitions throughout the lifespan, relationship, parenting, and career related issues. I look forward to working with you on your personal journey toward change.
EMAIL preferred! As a therapist for more than a decade, I like to take a collaborative approach to relieve distress, improve well being, and develop new insights. We all fall into patterns of thinking and behaving which might not serve us well. Together we will identify patterns in living that you would like to change and explore how past experiences have shaped your life. I work with teens 16+ & adults who experience maladjustment issues, depression, anxiety, grief, transitions throughout the lifespan, relationship, parenting, and career related issues. I look forward to working with you on your personal journey toward change.
(603) 617-2602 View (603) 617-2602
Photo of Natasha Snipes, Counselor in Boston, MA
Natasha Snipes
Counselor, MA, NCC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
My clinical experience began in 2019, working with people of all ages and genders facing various challenges including depression, anxiety, trauma, and suicidality. I work with people of all ages, and I enjoy helping everyone discover new ways to navigate life stressors. My approach to therapy is to make sure you are involved in the process. I will work with you to define your goals of therapy and what's important for you to work on. I also use evidence-based techniques to ensure that the practices provide the most benefit to you.
My clinical experience began in 2019, working with people of all ages and genders facing various challenges including depression, anxiety, trauma, and suicidality. I work with people of all ages, and I enjoy helping everyone discover new ways to navigate life stressors. My approach to therapy is to make sure you are involved in the process. I will work with you to define your goals of therapy and what's important for you to work on. I also use evidence-based techniques to ensure that the practices provide the most benefit to you.
(978) 503-3982 View (978) 503-3982
Photo of Cassy Delano, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Cassy Delano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MPH
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
I am accepting new clients for Monday Wednesday sessions. I strive to create a safe, collaborative, empathic environment where we can work together and I can support you in addressing challenges and making changes across a broad range of the issues with which life can confront us. I have a warm and relational style with my clients and participate in sessions while also allowing enough space for you to explore your own thoughts. My emphasis is on compassion, non-judgement, and growth in order to best support the needs of my clients and help them to make effective and healthy changes in their lives.
I am accepting new clients for Monday Wednesday sessions. I strive to create a safe, collaborative, empathic environment where we can work together and I can support you in addressing challenges and making changes across a broad range of the issues with which life can confront us. I have a warm and relational style with my clients and participate in sessions while also allowing enough space for you to explore your own thoughts. My emphasis is on compassion, non-judgement, and growth in order to best support the needs of my clients and help them to make effective and healthy changes in their lives.
(857) 376-6970 View (857) 376-6970
Photo of Heidi E. Seekins, Counselor in Boston, MA
Heidi E. Seekins
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
This fire will not burn you; it will only burn what you are not. - Mooji I love this quote as applied to the therapeutic process. Many of us feel instinctively that we have a core self inside who is wise and who knows what is best for us, yet things seem to keep going sideways in the course of our everyday lives. I work with clients to manage mood disorders, recover from trauma, or cut down or stop substance use (or to stay in recovery). I also work with clients who are exploring alternative approaches to their healing such as the medicinal use of psychedelics, in order to support integration of their experiences.
This fire will not burn you; it will only burn what you are not. - Mooji I love this quote as applied to the therapeutic process. Many of us feel instinctively that we have a core self inside who is wise and who knows what is best for us, yet things seem to keep going sideways in the course of our everyday lives. I work with clients to manage mood disorders, recover from trauma, or cut down or stop substance use (or to stay in recovery). I also work with clients who are exploring alternative approaches to their healing such as the medicinal use of psychedelics, in order to support integration of their experiences.
(857) 342-4603 View (857) 342-4603
Photo of Andrew D Kang, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Andrew D Kang
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
Boston Professionals Counseling, LLC is a private psychotherapy practice specializing in helping professionals with the unique challenges they face. We have a critical understanding of the stresses and pressures professionals face because we've been there. We know what it's like to face a deadline, to make sacrifices, and to juggle the simultaneous responsibilities of work and life. This first hand experience of life in the corporate world distinguishes us from other therapy practices, from the way we analyze issues, to our commitment to client privacy. We help you make the case for wellbeing.
Boston Professionals Counseling, LLC is a private psychotherapy practice specializing in helping professionals with the unique challenges they face. We have a critical understanding of the stresses and pressures professionals face because we've been there. We know what it's like to face a deadline, to make sacrifices, and to juggle the simultaneous responsibilities of work and life. This first hand experience of life in the corporate world distinguishes us from other therapy practices, from the way we analyze issues, to our commitment to client privacy. We help you make the case for wellbeing.
(617) 300-0453 View (617) 300-0453
Photo of Elise Cohen, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Elise Cohen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
Waitlist for new clients
The human brain is amazingly resilient and powerful. Our minds can learn, and relearn relational patterns, thoughts, and behaviors. I believe that therapy is a place to explore and gain insight into how our early childhood experiences impact our later relationships and functioning. I also believe it is important to build skills and strategies to manage our present-day difficulties. My hope is that therapy will both help you understand why you are feeling the way you do as well as give you tools to help you to feel better.
The human brain is amazingly resilient and powerful. Our minds can learn, and relearn relational patterns, thoughts, and behaviors. I believe that therapy is a place to explore and gain insight into how our early childhood experiences impact our later relationships and functioning. I also believe it is important to build skills and strategies to manage our present-day difficulties. My hope is that therapy will both help you understand why you are feeling the way you do as well as give you tools to help you to feel better.
(617) 431-2125 View (617) 431-2125
Photo of Julie Kenary, Counselor in Boston, MA
Julie Kenary
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
I work with adults and older adolescents with the challenges of mood disorders(depression), anxiety, stress, relationships, self esteem, major life transitions(marriage, divorce, loss) and college adjustment. The focus of my work is helping clients make positive changes in order to have greater balance in life. My optimistic approach is that growth is a transformative opportunity and can be achieved through the engagement with a competent and caring counselor. I would like to work with you to change negative thoughts, decrease feelings of anxiety and alter unhelpful patterns of behavior.
I work with adults and older adolescents with the challenges of mood disorders(depression), anxiety, stress, relationships, self esteem, major life transitions(marriage, divorce, loss) and college adjustment. The focus of my work is helping clients make positive changes in order to have greater balance in life. My optimistic approach is that growth is a transformative opportunity and can be achieved through the engagement with a competent and caring counselor. I would like to work with you to change negative thoughts, decrease feelings of anxiety and alter unhelpful patterns of behavior.
(617) 431-6846 View (617) 431-6846
Photo of Caryl Brayton Toole, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Boston, MA
Caryl Brayton Toole
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC, NCAC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
***Accepting New Clients for online Tele-Health.*** Are you experiencing anxiety or worry that gets in the way of work, relationships or friendships? Are you unable to let go of painful memories or feelings related to a traumatic experience? Are you coping with stress with alcohol and prescription medications? Do you feel worried and conflicted about your drinking? Drug and alcohol concerns are often a result of deeper struggles such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem, trauma and obstacles in daily life.
***Accepting New Clients for online Tele-Health.*** Are you experiencing anxiety or worry that gets in the way of work, relationships or friendships? Are you unable to let go of painful memories or feelings related to a traumatic experience? Are you coping with stress with alcohol and prescription medications? Do you feel worried and conflicted about your drinking? Drug and alcohol concerns are often a result of deeper struggles such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem, trauma and obstacles in daily life.
(781) 635-4886 View (781) 635-4886
Photo of Rachel Blumberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Rachel Blumberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Congratulations on taking the first (and sometimes difficult) step of reaching out for help and meeting your personal goals. I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker with a M.S.W from University of California, Berkeley School of Social Work, and a BA from Connecticut College. I have a background working in various settings with children, young adults, and families in the child welfare system in CA, in various hospital social work settings here in Boston, and in college mental health.
Congratulations on taking the first (and sometimes difficult) step of reaching out for help and meeting your personal goals. I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker with a M.S.W from University of California, Berkeley School of Social Work, and a BA from Connecticut College. I have a background working in various settings with children, young adults, and families in the child welfare system in CA, in various hospital social work settings here in Boston, and in college mental health.
(508) 625-9690 View (508) 625-9690
Photo of Howe Counseling Services , Counselor in Boston, MA
Howe Counseling Services
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02111  (Online Only)
We experience a lot throughout our lives. These moments impact us in various ways, including our mood and behaviors. It can be difficult to manage the various emotions that arise from our experiences. Both positive and negative events can include moments of high stress, conflict, disagreements, relationship strain, confusion, depression, etc. Howe Counseling Services offers many different treatment approaches, tools, and techniques to safely navigate these events. Together, we can process these experiences to ensure you are on the path you want to be on in life.
We experience a lot throughout our lives. These moments impact us in various ways, including our mood and behaviors. It can be difficult to manage the various emotions that arise from our experiences. Both positive and negative events can include moments of high stress, conflict, disagreements, relationship strain, confusion, depression, etc. Howe Counseling Services offers many different treatment approaches, tools, and techniques to safely navigate these events. Together, we can process these experiences to ensure you are on the path you want to be on in life.
(508) 504-1103 View (508) 504-1103
Photo of March Kim, Pre-Licensed Professional in Boston, MA
March Kim
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
I believe that healing in relationship with one another is a critical prerequisite to our collective liberation and reimagined future. As a therapist, I hope to create a space that promotes a sense of trust and safety where we can work collaboratively to remove barriers and gain tools to thrive throughout life’s various challenges. My job is to support you in solidarity with humility and authenticity alongside an understanding of how our lived experiences shape us to be who we are.
I believe that healing in relationship with one another is a critical prerequisite to our collective liberation and reimagined future. As a therapist, I hope to create a space that promotes a sense of trust and safety where we can work collaboratively to remove barriers and gain tools to thrive throughout life’s various challenges. My job is to support you in solidarity with humility and authenticity alongside an understanding of how our lived experiences shape us to be who we are.
(508) 501-6078 View (508) 501-6078
Photo of Sydney Spratte, Pre-Licensed Professional in Boston, MA
Sydney Spratte
Pre-Licensed Professional, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
Hi there, I'm Sydney Spratte, a dedicated Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach to treatment is rooted in a holistic perspective, incorporating the latest research to assist clients in achieving their unique treatment goals. With experience working with children aged 12 and above, youths, and adults, I've cultivated expertise in various therapeutic techniques, including mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy, all underpinned by a commitment to trauma-informed care.
Hi there, I'm Sydney Spratte, a dedicated Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach to treatment is rooted in a holistic perspective, incorporating the latest research to assist clients in achieving their unique treatment goals. With experience working with children aged 12 and above, youths, and adults, I've cultivated expertise in various therapeutic techniques, including mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy, all underpinned by a commitment to trauma-informed care.
(857) 420-5056 View (857) 420-5056
Photo of Christine Fitzgerald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Christine Fitzgerald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Have you found yourself wishing you had someone to turn to when life’s challenges seem to be piling up? I have experience working with a variety of clients of all different backgrounds, but particularly with professionals and older adults managing life transitions. I am an advocate for those that need their voices heard, and may feel invisible. Additionally, I have experience working with clients on the Autism spectrum, and welcome any clients seeking Cognitive Behavioral Therapy skills to help them with their life goals. Accepting: Aetna, and all MassHealth plans, including Tufts Public, MBHP & Beacon Health Strategies.
Have you found yourself wishing you had someone to turn to when life’s challenges seem to be piling up? I have experience working with a variety of clients of all different backgrounds, but particularly with professionals and older adults managing life transitions. I am an advocate for those that need their voices heard, and may feel invisible. Additionally, I have experience working with clients on the Autism spectrum, and welcome any clients seeking Cognitive Behavioral Therapy skills to help them with their life goals. Accepting: Aetna, and all MassHealth plans, including Tufts Public, MBHP & Beacon Health Strategies.
(888) 454-2439 View (888) 454-2439
Photo of Brittany J Hartman, Counselor in Boston, MA
Brittany J Hartman
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
Not accepting new clients
In therapy, Brittany maintains an integrative approach, incorporating Cognitive-Behavioral, Narrative, Solution-Focused and Brainspotting therapies. She also places strong emphasis on self-care and mindfulness. Brittany appreciates the importance of "being" with clients wherever they are on their journey. She feels honored and excited to witness clients' self-discovery of their own "inner-expert" through the therapeutic process.
In therapy, Brittany maintains an integrative approach, incorporating Cognitive-Behavioral, Narrative, Solution-Focused and Brainspotting therapies. She also places strong emphasis on self-care and mindfulness. Brittany appreciates the importance of "being" with clients wherever they are on their journey. She feels honored and excited to witness clients' self-discovery of their own "inner-expert" through the therapeutic process.
(857) 362-8726 View (857) 362-8726
Photo of Tatiana Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Tatiana Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Welcome and Congratulations on taking the first step to enhancing your mental health! Sometimes our thoughts can lead us to feeling overwhelmed and trapped in our own heads. Allow me to help you unpack those negative thoughts, and empower you to create positive affirming ones.
Welcome and Congratulations on taking the first step to enhancing your mental health! Sometimes our thoughts can lead us to feeling overwhelmed and trapped in our own heads. Allow me to help you unpack those negative thoughts, and empower you to create positive affirming ones.
(508) 690-4817 View (508) 690-4817
Photo of Anne Cazzell, Counselor in Boston, MA
Anne Cazzell
Counselor, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients for telehealth appointments. I am a mental health counselor and art therapist. Using a person-centered approach, I create a safe space for you to process your experiences and explore their connection to your emotions, behaviors, and overall wellbeing. The therapeutic process provides the opportunity to work through past and present challenges and seek greater understanding, peace, and positive change. My role is to offer support, encouragement, and guidance as we collaborate to increase your capacity to cope, reinforce your resiliency, and build upon your strengths.
Accepting new clients for telehealth appointments. I am a mental health counselor and art therapist. Using a person-centered approach, I create a safe space for you to process your experiences and explore their connection to your emotions, behaviors, and overall wellbeing. The therapeutic process provides the opportunity to work through past and present challenges and seek greater understanding, peace, and positive change. My role is to offer support, encouragement, and guidance as we collaborate to increase your capacity to cope, reinforce your resiliency, and build upon your strengths.
(857) 374-5935 View (857) 374-5935
Photo of Laura M Okin, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Laura M Okin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Please note that I am not currently providing psychotherapy. I am a clinical psychologist with 15 years working with patients in a variety of settings presenting with a wide range of diagnoses and concerns. Currently, my practice focusses on using my clinical skills with children of all ages to provide parent coaching. I offer clinical expertise and guidance about developmental stages. I suggest individualized behavioral strategies and effective ways of communicating with your children, creating more peace for your family.
Please note that I am not currently providing psychotherapy. I am a clinical psychologist with 15 years working with patients in a variety of settings presenting with a wide range of diagnoses and concerns. Currently, my practice focusses on using my clinical skills with children of all ages to provide parent coaching. I offer clinical expertise and guidance about developmental stages. I suggest individualized behavioral strategies and effective ways of communicating with your children, creating more peace for your family.
(617) 904-9937 View (617) 904-9937
Photo of Jacqueline Alfonso Barry, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Jacqueline Alfonso Barry
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
I am a bicultural and bilingual (English and Spanish) psychologist with areas of specialization and interest in high-stress occupations, substance use, anxiety, stress management, living in sync with your values, and relationship issues both personally and professionally. In addition to seeing individuals and couples, I also see co-founders and business partners who can benefit from improved communication and working relationship, to elevate the success of their shared goals, as well as their own growth.
I am a bicultural and bilingual (English and Spanish) psychologist with areas of specialization and interest in high-stress occupations, substance use, anxiety, stress management, living in sync with your values, and relationship issues both personally and professionally. In addition to seeing individuals and couples, I also see co-founders and business partners who can benefit from improved communication and working relationship, to elevate the success of their shared goals, as well as their own growth.
(617) 431-2389 View (617) 431-2389
Photo of Samantha Meints, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Samantha Meints
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02108  (Online Only)
When we feel stuck, sometimes we need some help to get our lives back on track. I work with clients with a variety of concerns including chronic pain, chronic health conditions, women's health issues, medical trauma, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Together, we work to minimize stress, pain, and discomfort while maximizing quality of life. I provide both brief and long-term therapy to help clients set and reach goals according to their own personal values.
When we feel stuck, sometimes we need some help to get our lives back on track. I work with clients with a variety of concerns including chronic pain, chronic health conditions, women's health issues, medical trauma, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Together, we work to minimize stress, pain, and discomfort while maximizing quality of life. I provide both brief and long-term therapy to help clients set and reach goals according to their own personal values.
(978) 541-4360 View (978) 541-4360

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
58% Aetna

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

60% Online Only
40% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.