Therapists in Bastrop, TX

Photo of Tammy Johnson Finn, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Bastrop, TX
Tammy Johnson Finn
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MEd, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602
Supervised by Sidney Starling, M.Ed., LPC-S, LMFT-S. I use an eclectic approach when working with clients because no two people are alike, so no two approaches should be alike in counseling. I use a variety of approaches to counseling, including cognitive-behavioral, family systems, Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory, family of origin approaches, solution-oriented, and short-term counseling. I employ a variety of techniques to assist you in clarifying your goals for change and taking steps in the desired direction. If desired, we will discuss the problems you are having from a spiritual perspective.
Supervised by Sidney Starling, M.Ed., LPC-S, LMFT-S. I use an eclectic approach when working with clients because no two people are alike, so no two approaches should be alike in counseling. I use a variety of approaches to counseling, including cognitive-behavioral, family systems, Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory, family of origin approaches, solution-oriented, and short-term counseling. I employ a variety of techniques to assist you in clarifying your goals for change and taking steps in the desired direction. If desired, we will discuss the problems you are having from a spiritual perspective.
(737) 345-3938 View (737) 345-3938
Photo of Kristine Roberts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bastrop, TX
Kristine Roberts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602  (Online Only)
Kris Roberts is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 10 years of professional experience. Kris assists clients with a variety of issues, ranging from anxiety, depression, chronic pain, grief and loss, sexual abuse, and family or relationship issues. Kris specializes in working with children (ages 12 to 18), young adults, adults, families, and couples.
Kris Roberts is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 10 years of professional experience. Kris assists clients with a variety of issues, ranging from anxiety, depression, chronic pain, grief and loss, sexual abuse, and family or relationship issues. Kris specializes in working with children (ages 12 to 18), young adults, adults, families, and couples.
(512) 546-6135 View (512) 546-6135
Photo of Erich Stafford, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bastrop, TX
Erich Stafford
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MDiv, CSAT
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602
I am a therapist who will make myself available to you. My approach to therapy is simple . . . person (you) centered, though I use others (cognitive behavioral, eclectic, reality/choice, brief solution, etc.) based upon the need of the client. I have a proven track record of success in helping clients from a variety of backgrounds. My main goal is helping you and or your family find effective solutions. Know that I bring an attitude of providing impeccable person centered therapy to each every client and session.
I am a therapist who will make myself available to you. My approach to therapy is simple . . . person (you) centered, though I use others (cognitive behavioral, eclectic, reality/choice, brief solution, etc.) based upon the need of the client. I have a proven track record of success in helping clients from a variety of backgrounds. My main goal is helping you and or your family find effective solutions. Know that I bring an attitude of providing impeccable person centered therapy to each every client and session.
(409) 300-3287 View (409) 300-3287
Photo of Susan Farris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bastrop, TX
Susan Farris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602
Susan Farris is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who specializes in helping clients with trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, life transition, and relationship issues. Some of Susan's skills include working with sexual abuse survivors who are now in a caring relationship and navigating some of those difficulties that arise from past traumas. She is curious about power imbalances and control and how to repair that in a relationship. Susan works with same-sex couples, too.
Susan Farris is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who specializes in helping clients with trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, life transition, and relationship issues. Some of Susan's skills include working with sexual abuse survivors who are now in a caring relationship and navigating some of those difficulties that arise from past traumas. She is curious about power imbalances and control and how to repair that in a relationship. Susan works with same-sex couples, too.
(512) 641-5170 View (512) 641-5170
Photo of Roberto A. Rodriguez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bastrop, TX
Roberto A. Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ADC
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602
I try to co-create an environment of safety and post-crisis growth for my clients. I believe strongly that there are no malfunctioning or dysfunctional people or families; that we are all doing the best we can with what life has dealt us.
I try to co-create an environment of safety and post-crisis growth for my clients. I believe strongly that there are no malfunctioning or dysfunctional people or families; that we are all doing the best we can with what life has dealt us.
(737) 260-0697 x2 View (737) 260-0697 x2
Photo of Kimberly Dragon-Flournoy, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Bastrop, TX
Kimberly Dragon-Flournoy
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCDC, CEFI
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602
I come with 10+ years of active recovery and professional experience in the addictions field which led me to discover my love of helping others recover from addiction and heal from unresolved trauma. I understand all too well the desire to find peace or to numb pain. Carrying around shame that was given to us in childhood is painful. It's no wonder many of us turn to substances, (& other addictions) to make that painful load a little lighter. I have a desire to help others let go of those negative messages that keep us stuck. I have 5 years of experience working with adults and adolescents (13 -18) who struggle with substance use.
I come with 10+ years of active recovery and professional experience in the addictions field which led me to discover my love of helping others recover from addiction and heal from unresolved trauma. I understand all too well the desire to find peace or to numb pain. Carrying around shame that was given to us in childhood is painful. It's no wonder many of us turn to substances, (& other addictions) to make that painful load a little lighter. I have a desire to help others let go of those negative messages that keep us stuck. I have 5 years of experience working with adults and adolescents (13 -18) who struggle with substance use.
(737) 227-0748 View (737) 227-0748
Photo of Kelly Manuel Bastrop Counseling, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bastrop, TX
Kelly Manuel Bastrop Counseling, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bastrop, TX 78602
There are times in everyone's life where issues seem overwhelming. Sometimes what we need during these times is an environment where they feel complete acceptance and insight. I provide a safe space to explore those feelings and help set and maintain goals to make positive changes in your life. If you are struggling with life transitions and stress, hopelessness, confusion, sadness, or depression, anxiety, social functioning, behavioral changes, low self-worth, lack of confidence, trauma, grief and loss, if you or a loved one struggles with addiction, these are a few of the circumstances of which I have worked alongside.
There are times in everyone's life where issues seem overwhelming. Sometimes what we need during these times is an environment where they feel complete acceptance and insight. I provide a safe space to explore those feelings and help set and maintain goals to make positive changes in your life. If you are struggling with life transitions and stress, hopelessness, confusion, sadness, or depression, anxiety, social functioning, behavioral changes, low self-worth, lack of confidence, trauma, grief and loss, if you or a loved one struggles with addiction, these are a few of the circumstances of which I have worked alongside.
(512) 890-2763 View (512) 890-2763
Photo of Patricia L Weber, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bastrop, TX
Patricia L Weber
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602
Waitlist for new clients
If you are experiencing difficulty in dealing with a traumatic past or event, I would like to help. I see individuals who are experiencing anxiety and depressive symptoms, problems in relationships, using substances as a way to cope, and are finding day to day life challenging. I help my clients to better understand what they are experiencing, identify what they want to change, and implement steps to making the changes they seek. I believe in the inner strength, resilience, and agency of each person.
If you are experiencing difficulty in dealing with a traumatic past or event, I would like to help. I see individuals who are experiencing anxiety and depressive symptoms, problems in relationships, using substances as a way to cope, and are finding day to day life challenging. I help my clients to better understand what they are experiencing, identify what they want to change, and implement steps to making the changes they seek. I believe in the inner strength, resilience, and agency of each person.
(737) 520-3599 x1 View (737) 520-3599 x1
Photo of Kathleen Moore, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bastrop, TX
Kathleen Moore
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor/Supervisor in Texas. I have extensive experience implementing therapeutic interventions across various settings, including private practice, school districts, inpatient psychiatric hospitals, Federally Qualified Health Care Centers, Community Mental Health Care, and nonprofit organizational conferences focused on promoting Resiliency and Empowerment. My certifications, trainings, and education encompass a range of specialties, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety, Cognitive Processing Therapy for Trauma, and Board Certification in Dance/Movement therapy.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor/Supervisor in Texas. I have extensive experience implementing therapeutic interventions across various settings, including private practice, school districts, inpatient psychiatric hospitals, Federally Qualified Health Care Centers, Community Mental Health Care, and nonprofit organizational conferences focused on promoting Resiliency and Empowerment. My certifications, trainings, and education encompass a range of specialties, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety, Cognitive Processing Therapy for Trauma, and Board Certification in Dance/Movement therapy.
(737) 510-7024 View (737) 510-7024
Photo of Kim Watts Counseling , Licensed Professional Counselor in Bastrop, TX
Kim Watts Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bastrop, TX 78602  (Online Only)
My passion lies in assisting adults from diverse backgrounds and experiences. I take pride in helping individuals overcome life's hurdles, whether it's coping with anxiety, depression, PTSD, or dealing with the complexities of divorce, separation, grief and loss. My unwavering commitment is to create a warm and supportive space where clients feel at ease to discuss their concerns.
My passion lies in assisting adults from diverse backgrounds and experiences. I take pride in helping individuals overcome life's hurdles, whether it's coping with anxiety, depression, PTSD, or dealing with the complexities of divorce, separation, grief and loss. My unwavering commitment is to create a warm and supportive space where clients feel at ease to discuss their concerns.
(737) 200-9432 View (737) 200-9432
Photo of David Gwin Rivertree, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bastrop, TX
David Gwin Rivertree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602
Waitlist for new clients
I am privileged to serve individuals, groups and couples with mindfulness-based psychotherapy from a strengths perspective. I have worked with adolescents, men’s issues, depression, trauma, assertiveness, anxiety and interpersonal wellness. It is a daily gift for me to share the deeply connected practice of working with clients in a combined effort to discover their answers to life’s challenges and to embrace an understanding of their unique experience.
I am privileged to serve individuals, groups and couples with mindfulness-based psychotherapy from a strengths perspective. I have worked with adolescents, men’s issues, depression, trauma, assertiveness, anxiety and interpersonal wellness. It is a daily gift for me to share the deeply connected practice of working with clients in a combined effort to discover their answers to life’s challenges and to embrace an understanding of their unique experience.
(512) 337-4130 View (512) 337-4130
Photo of Valerie Posas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bastrop, TX
Valerie Posas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602  (Online Only)
Valerie Posas, PsyD, is a highly dedicated Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has over 10 years of extensive experience in counseling people from diverse backgrounds, and in various settings. Dr. Posas is a native of Texas, but she spent 13 years in California and in traveling the world to complete various mental health trainings.
Valerie Posas, PsyD, is a highly dedicated Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has over 10 years of extensive experience in counseling people from diverse backgrounds, and in various settings. Dr. Posas is a native of Texas, but she spent 13 years in California and in traveling the world to complete various mental health trainings.
(512) 856-7351 View (512) 856-7351
Photo of Gina Carlino, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bastrop, TX
Gina Carlino
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602
Gina Carlino is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who works with clients who need support while they or their family member has either a dual diagnosis, or is struggling with an addiction such as drug or alcohol abuse. Gina is passionate about working with families and helping to rebuild trust in relationships. She has specialized training in working with couples to enhance their communications.
Gina Carlino is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who works with clients who need support while they or their family member has either a dual diagnosis, or is struggling with an addiction such as drug or alcohol abuse. Gina is passionate about working with families and helping to rebuild trust in relationships. She has specialized training in working with couples to enhance their communications.
(512) 859-5283 View (512) 859-5283
Photo of Jean Nirmala Lopez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bastrop, TX
Jean Nirmala Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602  (Online Only)
I will put you, the client, your life goals first and help you reach them. We will work together as a team, identifying your goals and using the modalities that I have trained in. I will help you learn tools relevant to your grow. These tools have helped me on my own growth journey as well as the clients that I have worked with. I believe in the value of connecting to the body as a way of healing developmental trauma. This trauma could be manifesting in different ways, physically, mentally, emotionally or a combination of all. My work is grounded in psychological theory, evidence-based practices and incorporates mindfulness.
I will put you, the client, your life goals first and help you reach them. We will work together as a team, identifying your goals and using the modalities that I have trained in. I will help you learn tools relevant to your grow. These tools have helped me on my own growth journey as well as the clients that I have worked with. I believe in the value of connecting to the body as a way of healing developmental trauma. This trauma could be manifesting in different ways, physically, mentally, emotionally or a combination of all. My work is grounded in psychological theory, evidence-based practices and incorporates mindfulness.
(512) 543-4169 View (512) 543-4169
Photo of Susan Marks, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bastrop, TX
Susan Marks
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602  (Online Only)
Susan Marks is a Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor (LPC-S) with over 14 years of experience. She enjoys working with young children, adults, and the elderly, and specializes in treating issues related to addiction, adjustment-related issues, anxiety, attachment-based issues, bipolar disorder, depression, end-of-life issues, faith-based matters, grief, loss, bereavement, and more.
Susan Marks is a Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor (LPC-S) with over 14 years of experience. She enjoys working with young children, adults, and the elderly, and specializes in treating issues related to addiction, adjustment-related issues, anxiety, attachment-based issues, bipolar disorder, depression, end-of-life issues, faith-based matters, grief, loss, bereavement, and more.
(512) 798-0617 View (512) 798-0617
Photo of Katherine Hyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bastrop, TX
Katherine Hyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602
Katherine Hyer is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 6 years of experience working with individuals in the mental health field. Katherine has particular expertise working with all types of individuals 15 years old and older who have multiple mental health concerns or substance use. Katherine has had the privilege of working with diverse individuals from all walks of life. Regardless of what you are facing, Katherine believes that therapy can support healing as well as positive and healthy change. Katherine’s counseling experience has been centered around teenagers and adults surviving trauma, PTSD, depression, and anxiety.
Katherine Hyer is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 6 years of experience working with individuals in the mental health field. Katherine has particular expertise working with all types of individuals 15 years old and older who have multiple mental health concerns or substance use. Katherine has had the privilege of working with diverse individuals from all walks of life. Regardless of what you are facing, Katherine believes that therapy can support healing as well as positive and healthy change. Katherine’s counseling experience has been centered around teenagers and adults surviving trauma, PTSD, depression, and anxiety.
(512) 601-5893 View (512) 601-5893
Photo of Ashley Brancato, LPC Intern in Bastrop, TX
Ashley Brancato
LPC Intern, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602  (Online Only)
I help women overcome self-doubt, anxiety and stress when it comes to major life transitions. Whether that is healing past trauma, entering into a new phase of life (motherhood, graduating college, new career, new relationship) or even having to make a decision but seem lost or stuck. My goal is to walk with you as you develop resiliency, growth, healing and self-worth.
I help women overcome self-doubt, anxiety and stress when it comes to major life transitions. Whether that is healing past trauma, entering into a new phase of life (motherhood, graduating college, new career, new relationship) or even having to make a decision but seem lost or stuck. My goal is to walk with you as you develop resiliency, growth, healing and self-worth.
(512) 782-2983 View (512) 782-2983
Photo of John R Freeman, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Bastrop, TX
John R Freeman
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCDC, CADC, ICADC
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602
Do you struggle with substance use affecting every aspect of your day-to-day life? Maybe there's damage to your relationships, ability to function, job, or career. Do you feel trapped by the inability to freely choose your thoughts, emotions, or actions? Is getting through the day without self-medicating difficult or impossible? Do you wonder if it’s even possible that your experience of life could be better? Now more than ever, so many people feel anxious, overwhelmed, or uncertain about retaking control of their lives because they don't know how; or fear keeps blocking their best intentions. No wonder you’re so stressed.
Do you struggle with substance use affecting every aspect of your day-to-day life? Maybe there's damage to your relationships, ability to function, job, or career. Do you feel trapped by the inability to freely choose your thoughts, emotions, or actions? Is getting through the day without self-medicating difficult or impossible? Do you wonder if it’s even possible that your experience of life could be better? Now more than ever, so many people feel anxious, overwhelmed, or uncertain about retaking control of their lives because they don't know how; or fear keeps blocking their best intentions. No wonder you’re so stressed.
(512) 957-9142 View (512) 957-9142
Photo of Melissa Stevens, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bastrop, TX
Melissa Stevens
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bastrop, TX 78602
Melissa Stevens is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 7 years of experience in the mental health field. She is dedicated and passionate when it comes to helping children, teens, adults, and families work through issues related to self-harm, suicidal tendencies, thoughts, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, trauma, relationship issues, and major life transitions.
Melissa Stevens is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 7 years of experience in the mental health field. She is dedicated and passionate when it comes to helping children, teens, adults, and families work through issues related to self-harm, suicidal tendencies, thoughts, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, trauma, relationship issues, and major life transitions.
(512) 399-0226 View (512) 399-0226
Photo of Lisa R Willmon M. Ed. Lpc-S Pllc, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bastrop, TX
Lisa R Willmon M. Ed. Lpc-S Pllc
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bastrop, TX 78602  (Online Only)
I enjoy helping people navigate life. Extensive experience with children and adults, ie. adolescents, intellectual disabilities, autism, anxiety, depression grief, divorce, parenting skills, relationships. I have experience working with adults as well. I have 15+ years experience in counseling and have over 25 years experience working with children. I am not credentialed with medicare or medicaid. I am an on-line only therapist local to Bastrop. If you would like schedule therapy you can contact me with your name, phone , dob, and email address so that I can send you an invite to the HIPAA compliant platform I use.
I enjoy helping people navigate life. Extensive experience with children and adults, ie. adolescents, intellectual disabilities, autism, anxiety, depression grief, divorce, parenting skills, relationships. I have experience working with adults as well. I have 15+ years experience in counseling and have over 25 years experience working with children. I am not credentialed with medicare or medicaid. I am an on-line only therapist local to Bastrop. If you would like schedule therapy you can contact me with your name, phone , dob, and email address so that I can send you an invite to the HIPAA compliant platform I use.
(512) 309-7179 View (512) 309-7179

See more therapy options for Bastrop

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bastrop, TX

40+

Average cost per session

$100

Therapists in Bastrop, TX who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
81% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
65% Stress
63% Relationship Issues
63% Grief
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% Aetna
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Bastrop, TX see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bastrop?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.