Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Ashton Santo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Ashton Santo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I’m Ashton (he/him/his), a queer, transmasculine social worker and harm reduction advocate. During our sessions, my clients can expect a compassionate atmosphere that encourages creativity and growth. Clients of all gender identities can safely explore their feelings without fear of invalidation or gatekeeping. I highlight my clients' strengths in the face of adversity, acknowledging the role that alcohol and substance use plays in managing stress. Together, my clients and I generate unique strategies to deal with the ebbs and flows of everyday life.
I’m Ashton (he/him/his), a queer, transmasculine social worker and harm reduction advocate. During our sessions, my clients can expect a compassionate atmosphere that encourages creativity and growth. Clients of all gender identities can safely explore their feelings without fear of invalidation or gatekeeping. I highlight my clients' strengths in the face of adversity, acknowledging the role that alcohol and substance use plays in managing stress. Together, my clients and I generate unique strategies to deal with the ebbs and flows of everyday life.
(855) 591-2720 View (855) 591-2720
Photo of Gina Kim, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Gina Kim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10005  (Online Only)
I am a NY and NJ based LMSW with Avena Psychological Services. I earned my Bachelor’s degree in Youth and Community Studies, Social Services from The University of Texas at Austin and my Master’s degree in Advance Clinical Practice from Columbia University. My experience as a therapist has primarily been with individuals, couples, and polycules for a diverse range of issues, including but not restricted to gender, sex, and sexuality with specific expertise regarding working with LGBTQ+ folx, trauma, and sex/kink/BDSM. My previous work at Gender & Sexuality Therapy Center helped water and blossom my competency in working
I am a NY and NJ based LMSW with Avena Psychological Services. I earned my Bachelor’s degree in Youth and Community Studies, Social Services from The University of Texas at Austin and my Master’s degree in Advance Clinical Practice from Columbia University. My experience as a therapist has primarily been with individuals, couples, and polycules for a diverse range of issues, including but not restricted to gender, sex, and sexuality with specific expertise regarding working with LGBTQ+ folx, trauma, and sex/kink/BDSM. My previous work at Gender & Sexuality Therapy Center helped water and blossom my competency in working
(646) 492-8531 View (646) 492-8531
Photo of Amanda Sacks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Amanda Sacks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT 500
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
Therapy, and life, are non-linear. In our work together you are welcomed to feel - to feel deeply, express, process, and with time move through your emotions. If you are living in a state of overwhelm, are struggling through transitions, or are feeling disconnected from your body, know that you are not alone. In our work together, we can explore where you are, what is impacting your mood, and how to create meaningful and lasting change. Whether you are dealing with recent challenges or want to process and find relief from older patterns, I will hold a supportive and compassionate space for growth, understanding and self-development.
Therapy, and life, are non-linear. In our work together you are welcomed to feel - to feel deeply, express, process, and with time move through your emotions. If you are living in a state of overwhelm, are struggling through transitions, or are feeling disconnected from your body, know that you are not alone. In our work together, we can explore where you are, what is impacting your mood, and how to create meaningful and lasting change. Whether you are dealing with recent challenges or want to process and find relief from older patterns, I will hold a supportive and compassionate space for growth, understanding and self-development.
(646) 832-4942 View (646) 832-4942
Photo of Ranjana Hari, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Ranjana Hari
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD, NCSP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10007
I'm a dedicated psychotherapist with an extensive and diverse background, spanning private practice, schools, college clinics, foster care, and hospitals, including acute care. With a passion for treating individuals of all ages, I specialize in harnessing the power of evidence-based therapies to create long-lasting positive change, focusing on the core of issues, rather than surface change. I take pride in fostering a safe, warm, and compassionate environment that embraces the unique perspectives of clients from diverse backgrounds. Even the most resistant patients find themselves engaged in the therapeutic process under my care.
I'm a dedicated psychotherapist with an extensive and diverse background, spanning private practice, schools, college clinics, foster care, and hospitals, including acute care. With a passion for treating individuals of all ages, I specialize in harnessing the power of evidence-based therapies to create long-lasting positive change, focusing on the core of issues, rather than surface change. I take pride in fostering a safe, warm, and compassionate environment that embraces the unique perspectives of clients from diverse backgrounds. Even the most resistant patients find themselves engaged in the therapeutic process under my care.
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Photo of Debra S. Faecher LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Debra S. Faecher LCSW-R
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10075
I am an experienced psychotherapist dedicated to helping individuals and couples address their difficulties in a thoughtful manner. I work collaboratively and with curiosity in order to facilitate healing and change. Starting therapy is not easy though it allows people to acknowledge problems and face them. I have seen so many people benefit and thrive by doing so. I look forward to helping you be your best self.
I am an experienced psychotherapist dedicated to helping individuals and couples address their difficulties in a thoughtful manner. I work collaboratively and with curiosity in order to facilitate healing and change. Starting therapy is not easy though it allows people to acknowledge problems and face them. I have seen so many people benefit and thrive by doing so. I look forward to helping you be your best self.
(917) 382-2111 View (917) 382-2111
Photo of OCD Associates, Psychologist in New York, NY
OCD Associates
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10022  (Online Only)
We specialize in Rumination-Focused ERP for OCD and anxiety disorders. This approach focuses on treating compulsive rumination, and provides a highly systematic yet gentler approach to exposure therapy. RF-ERP can be helpful to patients who have not made significant progress in other types of treatment, including individuals with Pure O or Sensorimotor OCD.
We specialize in Rumination-Focused ERP for OCD and anxiety disorders. This approach focuses on treating compulsive rumination, and provides a highly systematic yet gentler approach to exposure therapy. RF-ERP can be helpful to patients who have not made significant progress in other types of treatment, including individuals with Pure O or Sensorimotor OCD.
(646) 980-3968 View (646) 980-3968
Photo of Kiriean Skeete-George, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Kiriean Skeete-George
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
With my experience working with adults, I understand that any challenges you face deserve the space for someone who can listen and support you. Do you feel lost or without purpose? Are you having relationship issues with your partner? Is your goal to better understand and accept yourself in this new identity? My intention is to understand your perspective and help you enhance your own day-to-day happiness and overall stability.
With my experience working with adults, I understand that any challenges you face deserve the space for someone who can listen and support you. Do you feel lost or without purpose? Are you having relationship issues with your partner? Is your goal to better understand and accept yourself in this new identity? My intention is to understand your perspective and help you enhance your own day-to-day happiness and overall stability.
(347) 434-2069 View (347) 434-2069
Photo of Sara Kotzin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Sara Kotzin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10019  (Online Only)
Life happens and challenges come up. Maybe it's old stuff; issues from childhood that are having an impact now or a traumatic event that has not healed. Maybe it's brand new; grieving the loss of a relationship or struggling as a new mother. Maybe there is a feeling of being stuck and needing guidance and support to find a new way. My approach blends traditional psychotherapy with Somatic Experiencing and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), to resolve current stress, release long-standing emotional and behavioral patterns and develop tools to use outside of therapy.
Life happens and challenges come up. Maybe it's old stuff; issues from childhood that are having an impact now or a traumatic event that has not healed. Maybe it's brand new; grieving the loss of a relationship or struggling as a new mother. Maybe there is a feeling of being stuck and needing guidance and support to find a new way. My approach blends traditional psychotherapy with Somatic Experiencing and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), to resolve current stress, release long-standing emotional and behavioral patterns and develop tools to use outside of therapy.
(646) 553-4032 View (646) 553-4032
Photo of Stephanie L Bianchi in New York, NY
Stephanie L Bianchi
MT-BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10021
Whatever is holding you back from being the best you, I can help you break through. Using an integrated music therapy approach with a focus on The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM), I individualize each course of treatment to meet your specific needs. GIM can help you: reduce anxiety and manage stress, develop self-awareness, connect with your intuitive wisdom, befriend and disarm the inner critic, stimulate and enhance creativity, reduce effects of trauma, process and resolve grief, process and release toxic shame, enhance mood and state of well-being, break through mental and emotional blocks, and more.
Whatever is holding you back from being the best you, I can help you break through. Using an integrated music therapy approach with a focus on The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM), I individualize each course of treatment to meet your specific needs. GIM can help you: reduce anxiety and manage stress, develop self-awareness, connect with your intuitive wisdom, befriend and disarm the inner critic, stimulate and enhance creativity, reduce effects of trauma, process and resolve grief, process and release toxic shame, enhance mood and state of well-being, break through mental and emotional blocks, and more.
(516) 701-3433 View (516) 701-3433
Photo of Francis Tabone, Psychologist in New York, NY
Francis Tabone
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10012
I've worked for thirty years with children and families. I have an extensive background working with student with disabilities and their families. I work with adults with anxiety and depression issues.
I've worked for thirty years with children and families. I have an extensive background working with student with disabilities and their families. I work with adults with anxiety and depression issues.
(917) 355-2072 View (917) 355-2072
Photo of Andrew Gordy, Psychologist in New York, NY
Andrew Gordy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017
Developing a safe and supportive therapeutic relationship is the first step toward helping one understand their feelings, thoughts and behaviors. Rather than being solely a passive listener, my style resembles more of an interactive approach by discussing issues in a direct and empathic manner. I help both individuals and couples to better understand and deal with life problems. Often, conflict within relationships can be overwhelming. Individual or couples therapy can help you better understand your particular relationship and teach you how to deal with conflict in more constructive and mutually gratifying ways.
Developing a safe and supportive therapeutic relationship is the first step toward helping one understand their feelings, thoughts and behaviors. Rather than being solely a passive listener, my style resembles more of an interactive approach by discussing issues in a direct and empathic manner. I help both individuals and couples to better understand and deal with life problems. Often, conflict within relationships can be overwhelming. Individual or couples therapy can help you better understand your particular relationship and teach you how to deal with conflict in more constructive and mutually gratifying ways.
(646) 862-2852 View (646) 862-2852
Photo of Ami Shah, Psychologist in New York, NY
Ami Shah
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
Deciding to start therapy can be a daunting step. I believe therapy can be helpful in exploring relationship problems, couple/family struggles, mood symptoms, stress-related concerns, substance abuse, or learning more about yourself. My belief is that over time we can build a foundation to create a safe and trusting space to make it easier to share your experiences and challenges. By exploring aspects of your life that you find unfulfilling, we can work together towards positive change.
Deciding to start therapy can be a daunting step. I believe therapy can be helpful in exploring relationship problems, couple/family struggles, mood symptoms, stress-related concerns, substance abuse, or learning more about yourself. My belief is that over time we can build a foundation to create a safe and trusting space to make it easier to share your experiences and challenges. By exploring aspects of your life that you find unfulfilling, we can work together towards positive change.
(917) 809-5375 View (917) 809-5375
Photo of Adam Reynolds, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Adam Reynolds
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, RDT/BCT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Waitlist for new clients
I work primarily with adolescents, children, and young adults who have had very difficult experiences and need a safe, playful, and steady partner to explore the impact of these events on their lives. As an out queer clinician I also work regularly with LGBTQIA+ clients who seek a therapist aware of the complexity of those identities in the world, as well as with parents looking to better develop skills to support trans or queer-identified children. I recognize racism and white supremacy as forms of social oppression that provoke traumatic responses and work accordingly with clients who have been harmed by these systems.
I work primarily with adolescents, children, and young adults who have had very difficult experiences and need a safe, playful, and steady partner to explore the impact of these events on their lives. As an out queer clinician I also work regularly with LGBTQIA+ clients who seek a therapist aware of the complexity of those identities in the world, as well as with parents looking to better develop skills to support trans or queer-identified children. I recognize racism and white supremacy as forms of social oppression that provoke traumatic responses and work accordingly with clients who have been harmed by these systems.
(631) 540-1619 View (631) 540-1619
Photo of Danielle Novack, Psychologist in New York, NY
Danielle Novack
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
I am a Clinical Psychologist and Psychoanalyst with over 25 years of experience working with adults with concerns about eating, exercise, weight, and body image, as well as a wide range of other issues. Starting therapy can be difficult, and I strive to create a warm, collaborative and nonjudgmental space in which you can safely explore yourself and how you relate to others, and work through current challenges and obstacles in your life. I participate actively in the therapeutic dialogue, and I view psychotherapy as a shared journey of self discovery that can lead to lasting change.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and Psychoanalyst with over 25 years of experience working with adults with concerns about eating, exercise, weight, and body image, as well as a wide range of other issues. Starting therapy can be difficult, and I strive to create a warm, collaborative and nonjudgmental space in which you can safely explore yourself and how you relate to others, and work through current challenges and obstacles in your life. I participate actively in the therapeutic dialogue, and I view psychotherapy as a shared journey of self discovery that can lead to lasting change.
(917) 725-2162 View (917) 725-2162
Photo of Cynthia K Hosay, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Cynthia K Hosay
Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
When life feels difficult, talking to a friend or loved one may be helpful. But when life starts to feel overwhelming, or even senseless, talking to a sensitive, caring professional who is trained to listen and knows what to listen for can help understand our feelings and how to deal with them. I have years of experience with illness, loss and the need to find purpose. My emphasis is on two-way communication, not just through words, but through feelings and actions. I will work with you to help you gain insight into yourself and others, and live as satisfying and productive a life as possible--I know it's not easy.
When life feels difficult, talking to a friend or loved one may be helpful. But when life starts to feel overwhelming, or even senseless, talking to a sensitive, caring professional who is trained to listen and knows what to listen for can help understand our feelings and how to deal with them. I have years of experience with illness, loss and the need to find purpose. My emphasis is on two-way communication, not just through words, but through feelings and actions. I will work with you to help you gain insight into yourself and others, and live as satisfying and productive a life as possible--I know it's not easy.
(646) 328-6905 View (646) 328-6905
Photo of Joselouita Joint, Counselor in New York, NY
Joselouita Joint
Counselor, MHC-LP, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10025
Embark on a faith-filled journey towards self-discovery with your Christian counselor. I'll be your guide through life's challenges, aligning your journey with your beliefs. Together, we'll explore your emotions and experiences, empowering you with inspired actions rooted in Christian values. Find healing, hope, and resilience, and embrace change with strength. Live a life true to your faith, purposeful and harmonious. Begin your brighter, faith-led future today! As a pre-licensed professional (MA, MHC-LP) under supervision, I see clients 18+; inquiries must be direct from the client.
Embark on a faith-filled journey towards self-discovery with your Christian counselor. I'll be your guide through life's challenges, aligning your journey with your beliefs. Together, we'll explore your emotions and experiences, empowering you with inspired actions rooted in Christian values. Find healing, hope, and resilience, and embrace change with strength. Live a life true to your faith, purposeful and harmonious. Begin your brighter, faith-led future today! As a pre-licensed professional (MA, MHC-LP) under supervision, I see clients 18+; inquiries must be direct from the client.
(646) 904-5737 View (646) 904-5737
Photo of Leslie Ann Epstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Leslie Ann Epstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
As a trained psychotherapist with 25 years experience, I incorporate different modalities so that together we can find an approach that works for you. Specialty areas include relationship/interpersonal issues, anxiety and self-esteem. I hold an MBA and work with professionals around career transitions, workplace issues and work life balance as well as undergraduate and graduate students seeking to hone their interests .
As a trained psychotherapist with 25 years experience, I incorporate different modalities so that together we can find an approach that works for you. Specialty areas include relationship/interpersonal issues, anxiety and self-esteem. I hold an MBA and work with professionals around career transitions, workplace issues and work life balance as well as undergraduate and graduate students seeking to hone their interests .
(646) 351-1696 View (646) 351-1696
Photo of Meredith Santoro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Meredith Santoro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10123
When we are looking to heal, we deserve a safe, compassionate space in which to do so. I use a warm, non-judgmental approach to work collaboratively with my clients, honoring you as the expert on yourself. Whether you are navigating a loss, trauma, challenges in your relationships or finding it difficult to cope, our work will be built on our connection. I support teens, adults, and families in building fulfilling lives, freer from the burden of what currently feels intolerable.
When we are looking to heal, we deserve a safe, compassionate space in which to do so. I use a warm, non-judgmental approach to work collaboratively with my clients, honoring you as the expert on yourself. Whether you are navigating a loss, trauma, challenges in your relationships or finding it difficult to cope, our work will be built on our connection. I support teens, adults, and families in building fulfilling lives, freer from the burden of what currently feels intolerable.
(929) 294-7880 View (929) 294-7880
Photo of Elizabeth diGiacomantonio, Creative Arts Therapist in New York, NY
Elizabeth diGiacomantonio
Creative Arts Therapist, MPS, ATR-BC, LCAT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010  (Online Only)
All people seeking therapy should be met with compassion and empathy in a safe and non-judgemental space. I take a strengths-based, collaborative approach to therapy to help those coping with life's challenges increase their wellbeing and meet their goals. I work with clients of all ages who are struggling with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, alcohol and/or substance use disorders, ADHD, trauma, identity, relationship problems, and life transitions.
All people seeking therapy should be met with compassion and empathy in a safe and non-judgemental space. I take a strengths-based, collaborative approach to therapy to help those coping with life's challenges increase their wellbeing and meet their goals. I work with clients of all ages who are struggling with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, alcohol and/or substance use disorders, ADHD, trauma, identity, relationship problems, and life transitions.
(718) 866-3815 View (718) 866-3815
Photo of Jeff Gagliardi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Jeff Gagliardi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
Depression and anxiety hold us back from reaching our potential. So many factors in our daily lives work to develop and reinforce those negative emotions over time. They leave us feeling stuck, overwhelmed, and unfulfilled. In order to cope, we often develop behaviors that we know aren’t good for us but feel impossible to stop. You try to make things better, but moments of change and growth are fleeting. You’re ready to create lasting change and free yourself from what’s holding you back. You deserve to experience a satisfying life filled with joy and happiness!
Depression and anxiety hold us back from reaching our potential. So many factors in our daily lives work to develop and reinforce those negative emotions over time. They leave us feeling stuck, overwhelmed, and unfulfilled. In order to cope, we often develop behaviors that we know aren’t good for us but feel impossible to stop. You try to make things better, but moments of change and growth are fleeting. You’re ready to create lasting change and free yourself from what’s holding you back. You deserve to experience a satisfying life filled with joy and happiness!
(646) 687-4650 View (646) 687-4650

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.