Therapists in Seattle, WA

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Photo of Savana Ramirez, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Savana Ramirez
Counselor, MS, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98107  (Online Only)
As a young Latina I found there to be a gap in providers that may face specific prejudices, discriminations, and trauma. I have made it my own mission to be a resource for these populations in high demand. Through working with various age groups, I acknowledge that life altering events can occur at any point in time. I strive to create a person-centered space of empowerment to surpass these major life stressors. I believe everyone deserves a safe space where they can genuinely express themselves through their internalized battles.
As a young Latina I found there to be a gap in providers that may face specific prejudices, discriminations, and trauma. I have made it my own mission to be a resource for these populations in high demand. Through working with various age groups, I acknowledge that life altering events can occur at any point in time. I strive to create a person-centered space of empowerment to surpass these major life stressors. I believe everyone deserves a safe space where they can genuinely express themselves through their internalized battles.
(206) 944-3731 View (206) 944-3731
Photo of MacPherson Pacific Counseling Services, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Seattle, WA
MacPherson Pacific Counseling Services
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, SUDP, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98103
I am the director of MacPherson Pacific Counseling Services, a dynamic new option in the treatment of chemical dependency, problem gambling, and sex addiction in the Seattle area. Your experience will be individualized and goal focused. You will develop the tools to reclaim your life from addiction and compulsive behavior and begin to develop a path towards healing and wholeness for both yourself and your support network of family and loved ones. In both individual sessions and groups with others also walking the healing path you will challenge yourself, access reservoirs of strength within yourself, learn to connect, and you will grow.
I am the director of MacPherson Pacific Counseling Services, a dynamic new option in the treatment of chemical dependency, problem gambling, and sex addiction in the Seattle area. Your experience will be individualized and goal focused. You will develop the tools to reclaim your life from addiction and compulsive behavior and begin to develop a path towards healing and wholeness for both yourself and your support network of family and loved ones. In both individual sessions and groups with others also walking the healing path you will challenge yourself, access reservoirs of strength within yourself, learn to connect, and you will grow.
(206) 558-9014 View (206) 558-9014
Photo of Audrey Jensen, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Audrey Jensen
Counselor, LMHC, LCAS-A, MA
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98104  (Online Only)
I am currently accepting new clients. I understand therapy can be an old familiar friend to some or a new experience which can bring some anxiety and nervousness for others. Either way, if you are excited or nervous about therapy, I make sure our sessions are a safe place to express your thoughts and gain perspective around difficult life issues. My hope is for you to feel empowered to uncover your own sense of peace and wholeness and to know you do not have to do that alone.
I am currently accepting new clients. I understand therapy can be an old familiar friend to some or a new experience which can bring some anxiety and nervousness for others. Either way, if you are excited or nervous about therapy, I make sure our sessions are a safe place to express your thoughts and gain perspective around difficult life issues. My hope is for you to feel empowered to uncover your own sense of peace and wholeness and to know you do not have to do that alone.
(206) 785-3634 View (206) 785-3634
Photo of Scott Welch, Marriage & Family Therapist in Seattle, WA
Scott Welch
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, MHP
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98107
We are all wired for connection, both to others and to ourselves. Anxiety, low self-worth, and family conflict are just a few of the many common barriers to achieving this connection we all desire. I am passionate about taking an empathetic, curious, and collaborative approach with you to help free you from the burdensome experience of feeling stuck and held back from this connection. Life is all about relationships. I greatly value the importance of a strong therapeutic relationship and aim to build just that by holding you, the client, as the expert in your own life while offering warmth, empathy, and consistency.
We are all wired for connection, both to others and to ourselves. Anxiety, low self-worth, and family conflict are just a few of the many common barriers to achieving this connection we all desire. I am passionate about taking an empathetic, curious, and collaborative approach with you to help free you from the burdensome experience of feeling stuck and held back from this connection. Life is all about relationships. I greatly value the importance of a strong therapeutic relationship and aim to build just that by holding you, the client, as the expert in your own life while offering warmth, empathy, and consistency.
(425) 230-3018 View (425) 230-3018
Photo of Mary Susan Schwartz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Mary Susan Schwartz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98177  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Perhaps you're hoping to improve your mood, increase your self-compassion, or enhance your romantic relationship. Maybe you're seeking a non-judgmental and supportive relationship with your therapist, within which you can learn strategies you can use right away. If so, I look forward to hearing from you!
Perhaps you're hoping to improve your mood, increase your self-compassion, or enhance your romantic relationship. Maybe you're seeking a non-judgmental and supportive relationship with your therapist, within which you can learn strategies you can use right away. If so, I look forward to hearing from you!
(206) 455-8671 View (206) 455-8671
Photo of Marsha Zaritsky, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Marsha Zaritsky
Counselor, MA, LCPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98105  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I bring years of experience to my practice, which began in 1995. My work with people includes trauma recovery, chronic illness, grief and loss, PTSD, disability issues, depression and anxiety. I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches, which includes; EMDR, Somatics and Internal Family Systems (IFS). In my work with individuals I regard all people as being whole, taking into account a person's strengths and potentials. I work to enable people to make choices beneficial to their real needs and values, evoking a sense of purpose and intention in life.
I bring years of experience to my practice, which began in 1995. My work with people includes trauma recovery, chronic illness, grief and loss, PTSD, disability issues, depression and anxiety. I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches, which includes; EMDR, Somatics and Internal Family Systems (IFS). In my work with individuals I regard all people as being whole, taking into account a person's strengths and potentials. I work to enable people to make choices beneficial to their real needs and values, evoking a sense of purpose and intention in life.
(360) 851-4161 View (360) 851-4161
Photo of Kris Jacobsen LMHC, PLLC, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Kris Jacobsen LMHC, PLLC
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98103  (Online Only)
Compassionate Mindfulness, Curiosity, Exploration. I provide Somatic Pyschotherapy and Couples Counseling to those looking to cultivate a deeper relationship with themselves and with others. We will study and learn from moment by moment experiences about how you relate to your world and the implicit meanings it has for you. We can incorporate art, imagination, dreamwork, and playful experimentation in our work to help access some of your growing edges. This is both depth work as well as practical day to day skill building in learning to know and express a more authentic You.
Compassionate Mindfulness, Curiosity, Exploration. I provide Somatic Pyschotherapy and Couples Counseling to those looking to cultivate a deeper relationship with themselves and with others. We will study and learn from moment by moment experiences about how you relate to your world and the implicit meanings it has for you. We can incorporate art, imagination, dreamwork, and playful experimentation in our work to help access some of your growing edges. This is both depth work as well as practical day to day skill building in learning to know and express a more authentic You.
(360) 858-6841 View (360) 858-6841
Photo of Aaron McClain, Marriage & Family Therapist in Seattle, WA
Aaron McClain
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98109  (Online Only)
I work with men who have difficulty identifying with their feelings, struggle with depression and anxiety, or have issues with their work/life balance. My clients typically struggle with expressing themselves in their relationships. They feel lonely, hopeless, and isolated. They are overworked and under loved. In our work together, I will give you support, feedback and insight, and constructively challenge patterns and beliefs that may be getting in your way. Together we can strive to understand the roots of the struggles you are experiencing in your life.
I work with men who have difficulty identifying with their feelings, struggle with depression and anxiety, or have issues with their work/life balance. My clients typically struggle with expressing themselves in their relationships. They feel lonely, hopeless, and isolated. They are overworked and under loved. In our work together, I will give you support, feedback and insight, and constructively challenge patterns and beliefs that may be getting in your way. Together we can strive to understand the roots of the struggles you are experiencing in your life.
(765) 629-4592 View (765) 629-4592
Photo of Nicole Devine Rixen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Nicole Devine Rixen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98103  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I worked in the Social Work field for almost ten years with a breadth of clients, including youth and families, survivors of domestic violence and assault, and individuals with anxiety, depression, and trauma, and more. I believe clients are leaders of their stories and support them through psychodynamic care, tools, and goal utilization. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Thank you for trusting me in sharing your story. I am here to support & empower you in that journey.
I worked in the Social Work field for almost ten years with a breadth of clients, including youth and families, survivors of domestic violence and assault, and individuals with anxiety, depression, and trauma, and more. I believe clients are leaders of their stories and support them through psychodynamic care, tools, and goal utilization. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Thank you for trusting me in sharing your story. I am here to support & empower you in that journey.
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Photo of Whole Beings Counseling & Consultation LLC, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Whole Beings Counseling & Consultation LLC
Counselor, MA, CDP, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98107  (Online Only)
Welcome to counseling; to be helpful lets regain access to inner wisdom for self advocacy through review of your strength base building practices by use of expressive arts therapy (life has been your stage), explore dreams (Adlerian therapies), explore play& traumas to connect with your inner child/teen or find your inner parent, track sensations with the mind, body and spirit for grounding purposes in our sessions. Welcome and thank you for adding me to your search!
Welcome to counseling; to be helpful lets regain access to inner wisdom for self advocacy through review of your strength base building practices by use of expressive arts therapy (life has been your stage), explore dreams (Adlerian therapies), explore play& traumas to connect with your inner child/teen or find your inner parent, track sensations with the mind, body and spirit for grounding purposes in our sessions. Welcome and thank you for adding me to your search!
(206) 207-4683 View (206) 207-4683
Photo of Jaime Cara, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Jaime Cara
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98119  (Online Only)
If you're reading this, you might know the struggle of constantly putting others' needs before your own, feel tired of being anxious and overwhelmed, or wrestling with the belief that you're not good enough or perhaps even "too much." Life is full of unexpected changes, both big and small, and navigating these transitions can be incredibly challenging. I believe that everyone deserves to feel heard and understood. Whether you're dealing with loss, going through a big life change, trying to be kinder to yourself, or just want to understand yourself better, I'm here to help you navigate your personal growth and well-being.
If you're reading this, you might know the struggle of constantly putting others' needs before your own, feel tired of being anxious and overwhelmed, or wrestling with the belief that you're not good enough or perhaps even "too much." Life is full of unexpected changes, both big and small, and navigating these transitions can be incredibly challenging. I believe that everyone deserves to feel heard and understood. Whether you're dealing with loss, going through a big life change, trying to be kinder to yourself, or just want to understand yourself better, I'm here to help you navigate your personal growth and well-being.
(206) 279-1821 View (206) 279-1821
Photo of Michelle Jones, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Michelle Jones
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98104  (Online Only)
Are you a new mother who is juggling life with young kids? Are just now coming up for air after the complex newborn months? Are you yearning to get reoriented? The fact that you’re here highlights that you are both suffering deeply and deeply resourceful. I believe you are wiser than you know, and I trust that with some support, you can reconnect to your deep knowing. I would be honored to partner with you in discovering what is no longer serving you and exploring subtle shifts in how you want to relate to yourself and others. Even though your outside world may not change, your experience can be different. You can flourish.
Are you a new mother who is juggling life with young kids? Are just now coming up for air after the complex newborn months? Are you yearning to get reoriented? The fact that you’re here highlights that you are both suffering deeply and deeply resourceful. I believe you are wiser than you know, and I trust that with some support, you can reconnect to your deep knowing. I would be honored to partner with you in discovering what is no longer serving you and exploring subtle shifts in how you want to relate to yourself and others. Even though your outside world may not change, your experience can be different. You can flourish.
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Photo of Sarah Hays, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Sarah Hays
Counselor, PsyD, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98126  (Online Only)
I consider myself a generalist clinician. I have experience addressing recovery/addiction, sexual problems, gender/identity, behavior problems, trauma, ADHD, interpersonal conflict, depression, anxiety, chronic stress, and more. My interest is to empower and support my clients - to work together and personalize their therapy to suit them individually. I work to provide a safe and productive space for clients to overcome adversity, and care deeply about understanding each person's diversity in identity and presence. I strive to remain open to and aware of my biases - including my privilege, identities, and beliefs.
I consider myself a generalist clinician. I have experience addressing recovery/addiction, sexual problems, gender/identity, behavior problems, trauma, ADHD, interpersonal conflict, depression, anxiety, chronic stress, and more. My interest is to empower and support my clients - to work together and personalize their therapy to suit them individually. I work to provide a safe and productive space for clients to overcome adversity, and care deeply about understanding each person's diversity in identity and presence. I strive to remain open to and aware of my biases - including my privilege, identities, and beliefs.
(206) 203-0957 View (206) 203-0957
Photo of Sarah Grandinetti, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Sarah Grandinetti
Counselor, BSW, MS, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98115  (Online Only)
I would be honored to create space for you as we find a way to recovery and healing. I love to work with each unique human that sits in front of me, no matter where you come from or where you want to go. I am particularly passionate about working with LGBTQIA+, neurodivergent individuals, and religious trauma survivors.
I would be honored to create space for you as we find a way to recovery and healing. I love to work with each unique human that sits in front of me, no matter where you come from or where you want to go. I am particularly passionate about working with LGBTQIA+, neurodivergent individuals, and religious trauma survivors.
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Photo of Karlie Markendorf, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Karlie Markendorf
Counselor, LMHC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98101
Waitlist for new clients
During times of stress and transition, seeking therapy can be a source of support, comfort, and even inspiration. My experience has focused on creative and body-centered approaches to growth and healing, including art therapy, trauma-sensitive yoga, dreamwork, and EMDR. This includes grief work and issues that accompany trauma-related treatment, such as anxiety, depression, and existential/spiritual issues. Additional themes in clients' healing work include explorations of relationships, sexuality, and identity. I love working co-creatively with clients of all ages and backgrounds.
During times of stress and transition, seeking therapy can be a source of support, comfort, and even inspiration. My experience has focused on creative and body-centered approaches to growth and healing, including art therapy, trauma-sensitive yoga, dreamwork, and EMDR. This includes grief work and issues that accompany trauma-related treatment, such as anxiety, depression, and existential/spiritual issues. Additional themes in clients' healing work include explorations of relationships, sexuality, and identity. I love working co-creatively with clients of all ages and backgrounds.
(206) 557-6657 View (206) 557-6657
Photo of Alisa Zhao, Psychologist in Seattle, WA
Alisa Zhao
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98109  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist based in Seattle, WA. I specialize in evidence-based assessment and therapy for both children and adolescents. While I've spent much of my specialist practice at the intersection of ADHD and anxiety disorders, my generalist training has also prepared me to support those with sleep problems, depression, and adjustment issues across age groups. My evidence-based and culturally informed practice warmly welcomes individuals from underserved communities, including BIPOC, international students, and immigrants.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist based in Seattle, WA. I specialize in evidence-based assessment and therapy for both children and adolescents. While I've spent much of my specialist practice at the intersection of ADHD and anxiety disorders, my generalist training has also prepared me to support those with sleep problems, depression, and adjustment issues across age groups. My evidence-based and culturally informed practice warmly welcomes individuals from underserved communities, including BIPOC, international students, and immigrants.
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Photo of Kelly Hill, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Kelly Hill
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98116
Are you struggling with loss of identity and heightened anxiety? Do you experience anger and feelings of powerlessness? This can be a common experience for those with marginalized identities. I'm an ideal fit for those struggling with issues related to sexual health, neurodivergence, and/or systemic trauma…and those from marginalized backgrounds. In addition, I am a trained death doula who enjoys working with chronic illness and grief. Together we will reduce shame and guilt and increase self-esteem. You deserve to feel seen and heard - you deserve to take up space and to feel empowered.
Are you struggling with loss of identity and heightened anxiety? Do you experience anger and feelings of powerlessness? This can be a common experience for those with marginalized identities. I'm an ideal fit for those struggling with issues related to sexual health, neurodivergence, and/or systemic trauma…and those from marginalized backgrounds. In addition, I am a trained death doula who enjoys working with chronic illness and grief. Together we will reduce shame and guilt and increase self-esteem. You deserve to feel seen and heard - you deserve to take up space and to feel empowered.
(206) 737-7933 View (206) 737-7933
Photo of Cher Anderton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Cher Anderton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98107  (Online Only)
There is power in our voices, and we deserve spaces where we can learn to feel safe expressing our pain, our hopes and our truth. I consider it my life's work to help create sacred spaces for those seeking ways to let go of the weight of their trauma and/or simply learn how to live life well and more authentically. Trust fostered in therapeutic relationships can open doors for increased self-awareness and self-love, inviting you to create healthier beliefs about yourself, your relationships, your life, your choices and your potential.
There is power in our voices, and we deserve spaces where we can learn to feel safe expressing our pain, our hopes and our truth. I consider it my life's work to help create sacred spaces for those seeking ways to let go of the weight of their trauma and/or simply learn how to live life well and more authentically. Trust fostered in therapeutic relationships can open doors for increased self-awareness and self-love, inviting you to create healthier beliefs about yourself, your relationships, your life, your choices and your potential.
(401) 404-5932 View (401) 404-5932
Photo of Sheena Kaas Mudaliar, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Sheena Kaas Mudaliar
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98121  (Online Only)
I work with individuals who want to make sense of their emotions, heal from trauma, and build authentic relationships with their loved ones. Many of my clients are brave change-makers, the first in their family to break multi-generational patterns. They wonder how to forgive, cast away anger, and move forward while at the same time standing up for themselves and their needs. They want tools for immediate relief, but they want to go beyond managing symptoms. They know that this work is so much bigger than themselves and that they are creating a new legacy for future generations
I work with individuals who want to make sense of their emotions, heal from trauma, and build authentic relationships with their loved ones. Many of my clients are brave change-makers, the first in their family to break multi-generational patterns. They wonder how to forgive, cast away anger, and move forward while at the same time standing up for themselves and their needs. They want tools for immediate relief, but they want to go beyond managing symptoms. They know that this work is so much bigger than themselves and that they are creating a new legacy for future generations
(253) 338-5268 View (253) 338-5268
Photo of Michele Scoleri, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Michele Scoleri
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98102
Making the decision to seek therapy is a powerful moment in your life, and finding the right therapist is the next step on that path. I see my role as a partner and witness in your exploration of what being a whole person means to you. Anxiety, life transitions, relationship issues or a general feeling of being "stuck" are just some of the possible issues that might bring you to therapy. Regardless of the reason you may choose to work with me, you can expect to find a place of acceptance in which to share your authentic self.
Making the decision to seek therapy is a powerful moment in your life, and finding the right therapist is the next step on that path. I see my role as a partner and witness in your exploration of what being a whole person means to you. Anxiety, life transitions, relationship issues or a general feeling of being "stuck" are just some of the possible issues that might bring you to therapy. Regardless of the reason you may choose to work with me, you can expect to find a place of acceptance in which to share your authentic self.
(206) 489-2875 View (206) 489-2875

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Seattle, WA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Seattle, WA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
69% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Premera
53% Aetna
47% Regence

How Therapists in Seattle, WA see their clients

51% Online Only
49% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Seattle?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.