Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Tyler Vasconcellos, Psy.D., Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Tyler Vasconcellos, Psy.D.
Psychologist
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Accepting new patients (Updated: 4/24). You've been feeling anxious, depressed, burnt out, frustrated, or unfulfilled. By now, you've tried everything you can think of to solve your problems. You may have been let down by your friends, your family, or even other therapists and are wondering how I could possibly help you. Don't worry. I won't make false promises and don't offer my clients trendy "fad" therapies; but, with some hard work, I'll help you begin the process of turning things around.
Accepting new patients (Updated: 4/24). You've been feeling anxious, depressed, burnt out, frustrated, or unfulfilled. By now, you've tried everything you can think of to solve your problems. You may have been let down by your friends, your family, or even other therapists and are wondering how I could possibly help you. Don't worry. I won't make false promises and don't offer my clients trendy "fad" therapies; but, with some hard work, I'll help you begin the process of turning things around.
(415) 343-5286 View (415) 343-5286
Photo of Ioanna Angelakis, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ioanna Angelakis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
My name is pronounced E-O-Anna, and I have 15 years of experience in assisting unique individuals, like yourself, in overcoming obstacles and setbacks, to shine as you are meant to. I work from a Strength-Based Approach and believe in your potential, whether you are a child or an adult, with a collaborative, individualized and Brief strategy to help you to alleviate those symptoms with haste. I specialize in treating Anxiety and Trauma with EMDR, CBT and Somatic modalities to ensure progress, with a Brief/Solutions focused framework. Together we will see the progress you desire, and quickly.
My name is pronounced E-O-Anna, and I have 15 years of experience in assisting unique individuals, like yourself, in overcoming obstacles and setbacks, to shine as you are meant to. I work from a Strength-Based Approach and believe in your potential, whether you are a child or an adult, with a collaborative, individualized and Brief strategy to help you to alleviate those symptoms with haste. I specialize in treating Anxiety and Trauma with EMDR, CBT and Somatic modalities to ensure progress, with a Brief/Solutions focused framework. Together we will see the progress you desire, and quickly.
(510) 257-9678 View (510) 257-9678
Photo of Beth Myler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Beth Myler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, JD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
Currently accepting new clients in California and Texas. In addition to psychotherapy for anxiety and depression, I also provide counseling and coaching to clients managing various kinds of change in their lives. I help clients navigate challenges presented by relationships, career, and changes in their health status due to aging, illness or injury. I trained as a psychotherapist after a long career as a lawyer and enjoy helping clients focus on pragmatic goals as well as developing insight and personal growth.
Currently accepting new clients in California and Texas. In addition to psychotherapy for anxiety and depression, I also provide counseling and coaching to clients managing various kinds of change in their lives. I help clients navigate challenges presented by relationships, career, and changes in their health status due to aging, illness or injury. I trained as a psychotherapist after a long career as a lawyer and enjoy helping clients focus on pragmatic goals as well as developing insight and personal growth.
(415) 200-3465 View (415) 200-3465
Photo of Lynn R Byk, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Lynn R Byk
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
Welcome! You might be seeking psychotherapy as a way to improve the quality of your life and gain a greater understanding of the thoughts, feelings, experiences and relationships that are getting in the way of living the life you desire. You might be struggling with relationship issues, anxiety, depression or loss. What I bring to the therapeutic relationship is warmth, compassion and acceptance which will allow you to feel a sense of safety and emotional security. I am an active participant and we will be working together, collaboratively. Through our work together, I can help you on your journey.
Welcome! You might be seeking psychotherapy as a way to improve the quality of your life and gain a greater understanding of the thoughts, feelings, experiences and relationships that are getting in the way of living the life you desire. You might be struggling with relationship issues, anxiety, depression or loss. What I bring to the therapeutic relationship is warmth, compassion and acceptance which will allow you to feel a sense of safety and emotional security. I am an active participant and we will be working together, collaboratively. Through our work together, I can help you on your journey.
(415) 301-4359 View (415) 301-4359
Photo of Blanca Amaya, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Blanca Amaya
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I have been in the helping profession for over 10 years, working with adults using evidence-based and alternative practices. I work under a multicultural and trauma-informed lens that allows me to understand your individual needs and meet you where you are in your journey. Together we will focus on your currents needs and goals to help create trust within the therapeutic relationship. I specialize in helping individuals heal from trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression.
I have been in the helping profession for over 10 years, working with adults using evidence-based and alternative practices. I work under a multicultural and trauma-informed lens that allows me to understand your individual needs and meet you where you are in your journey. Together we will focus on your currents needs and goals to help create trust within the therapeutic relationship. I specialize in helping individuals heal from trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression.
(415) 329-3753 View (415) 329-3753
Photo of Dahlia Lavery, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Dahlia Lavery
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122
Therapy is a place where you can slow down and experience feeling welcomed and celebrated exactly as you are. I’m passionate about working with folks who are exhausted from the “grass is always greener” mentality and are ready to deepen into a process of self exploration and healing. In a world where productivity is often valued above connection, creativity and authentic self-expression, you may find yourself feeling depleted and lonely with a yearning for something more.
Therapy is a place where you can slow down and experience feeling welcomed and celebrated exactly as you are. I’m passionate about working with folks who are exhausted from the “grass is always greener” mentality and are ready to deepen into a process of self exploration and healing. In a world where productivity is often valued above connection, creativity and authentic self-expression, you may find yourself feeling depleted and lonely with a yearning for something more.
(415) 322-8632 View (415) 322-8632
Photo of Ruth Lieu, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Ruth Lieu
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
Welcome! I work with adult clients looking for help and support with a range of challenges. My specializations are in depression, anxiety and critical life transitions. I also provide career coaching. I have a background in clinical psychology and business and commonly work with individuals who are seeking help with struggles they experience emotionally and personally that keep them from reaching their full potential in their careers. My goal is to help clients feel better and healthier so that they can enjoy a life engaged in activities that are meaningful to them and connected to people that fulfill them.
Welcome! I work with adult clients looking for help and support with a range of challenges. My specializations are in depression, anxiety and critical life transitions. I also provide career coaching. I have a background in clinical psychology and business and commonly work with individuals who are seeking help with struggles they experience emotionally and personally that keep them from reaching their full potential in their careers. My goal is to help clients feel better and healthier so that they can enjoy a life engaged in activities that are meaningful to them and connected to people that fulfill them.
(415) 969-2210 View (415) 969-2210
Photo of Sarah Connelly, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Sarah Connelly
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Just as the words of a poem can open our eyes, minds and hearts in ways language otherwise might not be able to, I believe that psychotherapy is a creative process that utilizes language to access psychic terrain that's often inaccessible in our everyday lives. Accessing and exploring this internal terrain in therapy can be both enlightening and transformative.
Just as the words of a poem can open our eyes, minds and hearts in ways language otherwise might not be able to, I believe that psychotherapy is a creative process that utilizes language to access psychic terrain that's often inaccessible in our everyday lives. Accessing and exploring this internal terrain in therapy can be both enlightening and transformative.
(415) 481-4383 View (415) 481-4383
Photo of Rachel Brandwene, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rachel Brandwene
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
Anxiety and stress can leave us feeling shattered, disconnected, and out of touch with our authentic selves. The constant overwhelm, isolation from misunderstood friends, and struggle to establish and uphold boundaries can be exhausting. It's possible you can't even recall a time when you didn't feel this way. But here's what's clear: you're craving relief. You're eager to cultivate fulfilling relationships free from the grip of the past. You're determined to regain confidence in asserting your needs. Above all, you're ready to rekindle self-love and embrace the future with renewed hope.
Anxiety and stress can leave us feeling shattered, disconnected, and out of touch with our authentic selves. The constant overwhelm, isolation from misunderstood friends, and struggle to establish and uphold boundaries can be exhausting. It's possible you can't even recall a time when you didn't feel this way. But here's what's clear: you're craving relief. You're eager to cultivate fulfilling relationships free from the grip of the past. You're determined to regain confidence in asserting your needs. Above all, you're ready to rekindle self-love and embrace the future with renewed hope.
(628) 203-1058 View (628) 203-1058
Photo of Valerie True, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Valerie True
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Valerie True, LCSW, working with adults 18 and older, focuses on life transitions, chronic and new medical diagnoses, grief and loss, caregiver issues, aging-related issues, work-related issues, stress, depression, and the growing pains of life. My approach is client-based, through talk and exercises we will work together to find the path that helps you gain insight and develop skills to support your goals.
Valerie True, LCSW, working with adults 18 and older, focuses on life transitions, chronic and new medical diagnoses, grief and loss, caregiver issues, aging-related issues, work-related issues, stress, depression, and the growing pains of life. My approach is client-based, through talk and exercises we will work together to find the path that helps you gain insight and develop skills to support your goals.
(415) 849-4986 View (415) 849-4986
Photo of William Brock, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
William Brock
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
Hello! My name is Dr. William Brock or Dr. Bill, and I have been practicing for over 30 years as a licensed psychologist in California. I have a Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) in psychology from the University of Southern California. I also have credentials in school psychology and counseling. My training includes an extensive background in CBT (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy) as well as many other evidence-based treatment approaches to therapy. I work with adults with a wide range of anxiety, depression, substance use, and other compulsive behaviors.
Hello! My name is Dr. William Brock or Dr. Bill, and I have been practicing for over 30 years as a licensed psychologist in California. I have a Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) in psychology from the University of Southern California. I also have credentials in school psychology and counseling. My training includes an extensive background in CBT (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy) as well as many other evidence-based treatment approaches to therapy. I work with adults with a wide range of anxiety, depression, substance use, and other compulsive behaviors.
(415) 323-6250 View (415) 323-6250
Photo of SF Relationship Counseling & Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
SF Relationship Counseling & Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Effective relationship counseling and psychotherapy here in San Francisco is my specialty for individuals and couples who are looking for therapy that creates closer, more meaningful and lasting relationships. If you are struggling to make sense of dating or relationships, you are certainly not alone. In fact, all of us need some outside perspective at times to help us make sense of it all. I welcome the opportunity to work with you. Specialties: * Relationship Counseling * Dating coach * Couples Counseling * Psychotherapy * ~Jeremi McManus, MFT, Relationship Counseling and Psychotherapy San Francisco
Effective relationship counseling and psychotherapy here in San Francisco is my specialty for individuals and couples who are looking for therapy that creates closer, more meaningful and lasting relationships. If you are struggling to make sense of dating or relationships, you are certainly not alone. In fact, all of us need some outside perspective at times to help us make sense of it all. I welcome the opportunity to work with you. Specialties: * Relationship Counseling * Dating coach * Couples Counseling * Psychotherapy * ~Jeremi McManus, MFT, Relationship Counseling and Psychotherapy San Francisco
(415) 723-4207 View (415) 723-4207
Photo of Kimberly Garcia, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kimberly Garcia
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
I imagine you found yourself here because there is something in your life you are seeking to overcome. I’m here to tell you that you don’t have to walk this journey alone. No matter what you’re going through, there is hope and change is possible. I honor and respect the strength and vulnerability it takes to seek help, to give pain space to heal, and to bravely step into growth. As a therapist, I truly love what I do and genuinely care about the people with whom I work. It’s my passion to come alongside others in the midst of their challenges and to help them live from a place of authenticity, empowerment, and self-awareness.
I imagine you found yourself here because there is something in your life you are seeking to overcome. I’m here to tell you that you don’t have to walk this journey alone. No matter what you’re going through, there is hope and change is possible. I honor and respect the strength and vulnerability it takes to seek help, to give pain space to heal, and to bravely step into growth. As a therapist, I truly love what I do and genuinely care about the people with whom I work. It’s my passion to come alongside others in the midst of their challenges and to help them live from a place of authenticity, empowerment, and self-awareness.
(310) 868-2302 View (310) 868-2302
Photo of Stephanie Yuen, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Stephanie Yuen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Are you feeling more overwhelmed, exhausted, anxious and/or isolated than usual? Are you feeling less motivated? Are you feeling less connected? Are your typical coping strategies not working for you? I’m here to offer a safe space and to support you during this time. Together, we shall explore the wisdom of the mind, body & spirit connection to find new ways to cope, heal and flourish. I am passionate about your mental well being.
Are you feeling more overwhelmed, exhausted, anxious and/or isolated than usual? Are you feeling less motivated? Are you feeling less connected? Are your typical coping strategies not working for you? I’m here to offer a safe space and to support you during this time. Together, we shall explore the wisdom of the mind, body & spirit connection to find new ways to cope, heal and flourish. I am passionate about your mental well being.
(415) 663-5907 View (415) 663-5907
Photo of Jean Riney-Niewiadomski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jean Riney-Niewiadomski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
I am a Licensed Psychotherapist with 20+ years of experience working with children, adolescents, families and individuals. I use evidenced-based treatments including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to work with you and your family. My approach to my work with clients is warm, engaging and authentic.
I am a Licensed Psychotherapist with 20+ years of experience working with children, adolescents, families and individuals. I use evidenced-based treatments including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to work with you and your family. My approach to my work with clients is warm, engaging and authentic.
(415) 449-7404 View (415) 449-7404
Photo of Ingrid Tauber, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Ingrid Tauber
Psychologist, PhD, MS
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I have a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology and obtained a M.S.in Psychopharmacology in 2001. I've been in private practice for 40 years and an Assistant Clinical Professor at UCSF since 2005. My practice includes individuals and couples seeking help with a wide variety of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, loss, and grief. I work within a relational, psychodynamic theoretical model as a means of understanding and integrating the complex relationship that individuals and couples present. In my clinical work as a therapist and supervisor, I work collaboratively in pursuing goals and objectives.
I have a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology and obtained a M.S.in Psychopharmacology in 2001. I've been in private practice for 40 years and an Assistant Clinical Professor at UCSF since 2005. My practice includes individuals and couples seeking help with a wide variety of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, loss, and grief. I work within a relational, psychodynamic theoretical model as a means of understanding and integrating the complex relationship that individuals and couples present. In my clinical work as a therapist and supervisor, I work collaboratively in pursuing goals and objectives.
(415) 894-0981 View (415) 894-0981
Photo of Justine Gordon, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Justine Gordon
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Navigating life's challenges is never easy, but reaching out for help is a brave first step to living a more genuine and fulfilling life. I have expertise in working with individuals struggling with childhood trauma and trauma-related symptoms such as grief, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relational conflict. I believe every client is unique and deserves to be listened to and understood in an empathetic way. I am passionate about creating a safe, kind, collaborative and judgment-free space where clients can attain new insights, experience new feelings, and find a renewed sense of physical and mental well-being.
Navigating life's challenges is never easy, but reaching out for help is a brave first step to living a more genuine and fulfilling life. I have expertise in working with individuals struggling with childhood trauma and trauma-related symptoms such as grief, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relational conflict. I believe every client is unique and deserves to be listened to and understood in an empathetic way. I am passionate about creating a safe, kind, collaborative and judgment-free space where clients can attain new insights, experience new feelings, and find a renewed sense of physical and mental well-being.
(415) 985-6526 View (415) 985-6526
Photo of Laura M Goodspeed, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Laura M Goodspeed
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
The most significant predictor of a successful therapy experience is the quality of the relationship between therapist and client. Building a safe, nurturing relationship is where I excel. My style is warm and highly interactive, best suited for clients who prefer a therapist who feels very "human." I assist clients to explore their thought patterns and corresponding emotional responses, and to identify unconscious assumptions they hold about themselves and the world, which inform behavior patterns. I also provide practical tools for regulating anxiety, managing depression, and processing grief.
The most significant predictor of a successful therapy experience is the quality of the relationship between therapist and client. Building a safe, nurturing relationship is where I excel. My style is warm and highly interactive, best suited for clients who prefer a therapist who feels very "human." I assist clients to explore their thought patterns and corresponding emotional responses, and to identify unconscious assumptions they hold about themselves and the world, which inform behavior patterns. I also provide practical tools for regulating anxiety, managing depression, and processing grief.
(415) 801-0624 View (415) 801-0624
Photo of Kathlynn Gates, Associate Clinical Social Worker in San Francisco, CA
Kathlynn Gates
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Are you experiencing challenges dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship/family issues, and trauma/PTSD? Due to these symptoms, we can be in too much emotional pain and feel too stuck to reframe our perceptions or to find solutions to our problems. Childhood or recent trauma can cause emotional distress that can be difficult to process. I am here to support you in working through unresolved trauma and guide you toward healing. Therefore, you can feel empowered, rejuvenated, and enthusiastic about life again.
Are you experiencing challenges dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship/family issues, and trauma/PTSD? Due to these symptoms, we can be in too much emotional pain and feel too stuck to reframe our perceptions or to find solutions to our problems. Childhood or recent trauma can cause emotional distress that can be difficult to process. I am here to support you in working through unresolved trauma and guide you toward healing. Therefore, you can feel empowered, rejuvenated, and enthusiastic about life again.
(415) 943-5956 View (415) 943-5956
Photo of Ari Goldfield, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ari Goldfield
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131
How are you? When you are asked this simple question in a warm, supportive environment, it is the first step to discoveries that produce significant and lasting change. We will start by investigating together to clarify what is actually going on with you. We can explore both long-term and short-term causes--whatever feels relevant. Based on what we find out, we will work to effect the changes you want. Together, we will find your own unique keys to a meaningful and rewarding personal and professional life.
How are you? When you are asked this simple question in a warm, supportive environment, it is the first step to discoveries that produce significant and lasting change. We will start by investigating together to clarify what is actually going on with you. We can explore both long-term and short-term causes--whatever feels relevant. Based on what we find out, we will work to effect the changes you want. Together, we will find your own unique keys to a meaningful and rewarding personal and professional life.
(541) 233-4804 View (541) 233-4804

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.