Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Skylar Wittenberg, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Skylar Wittenberg
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
I primarily work with children, adolescents, and young adults ages 5 - 30 years, who struggle with symptoms of depression, anxiety, mood changes, ADHD, difficulty with transitions, school troubles, family dynamic changes, and more. With younger clients, I utilize play, creative, and expressive methods to help children process any changes to their environments and help them learn new skills. I value being genuine with clients in order to create a space of safety and trust, especially with teens and young adults. In addition, I focus on acknowledging the humanness of our experience as essential for growth of the individual.
I primarily work with children, adolescents, and young adults ages 5 - 30 years, who struggle with symptoms of depression, anxiety, mood changes, ADHD, difficulty with transitions, school troubles, family dynamic changes, and more. With younger clients, I utilize play, creative, and expressive methods to help children process any changes to their environments and help them learn new skills. I value being genuine with clients in order to create a space of safety and trust, especially with teens and young adults. In addition, I focus on acknowledging the humanness of our experience as essential for growth of the individual.
(872) 213-7833 x12 View (872) 213-7833 x12
Photo of Rachel M Schripsema, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Rachel M Schripsema
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60637
My counseling work is grounded in my Zen Buddhist practice. My meditation practice supports a present-moment relationship with each client, creating space for us to explore the landscape of experience together. I practice contemplative psychotherapy, using mindfulness techniques to help clients access their own wisdom. Reflecting on this wisdom together can lead to making choices and taking actions that better reflect clients’ values and the way they would like to be in the world.
My counseling work is grounded in my Zen Buddhist practice. My meditation practice supports a present-moment relationship with each client, creating space for us to explore the landscape of experience together. I practice contemplative psychotherapy, using mindfulness techniques to help clients access their own wisdom. Reflecting on this wisdom together can lead to making choices and taking actions that better reflect clients’ values and the way they would like to be in the world.
(312) 500-2759 View (312) 500-2759
Photo of Daunte Henderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Daunte Henderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60615
“people start to heal the moment they feel heard” ​is a guiding principle of my practice. Therapy is a place where your story is centered. In this space, you are allowed to be vulnerable and completely as you are. We co-create change through the therapeutic process by holding space for life’s biggest challenges. Though the process feels lonely at times, you have a trusted professional guiding you and holding space with you every step of the way. Thank you for taking the next step in your journey. I am excited to be with you on your journey.
“people start to heal the moment they feel heard” ​is a guiding principle of my practice. Therapy is a place where your story is centered. In this space, you are allowed to be vulnerable and completely as you are. We co-create change through the therapeutic process by holding space for life’s biggest challenges. Though the process feels lonely at times, you have a trusted professional guiding you and holding space with you every step of the way. Thank you for taking the next step in your journey. I am excited to be with you on your journey.
(872) 206-9643 View (872) 206-9643
Photo of Marla Vender, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Marla Vender
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationships, poor executive functioning, trauma, or other issues, you don't have to handle this alone. I'm committed to your well-being. You're entitled to your feelings and beliefs, and will always come first in this process. You don’t have to hide, please, or impress. You will be heard and accepted as you are, without judgment or labels. You are not your problem. You deserve to feel good. Knowing what happened to you is important but I don’t believe there’s something wrong with you.  If you can't believe this for yourself yet, I'll believe it for you until you do.
If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationships, poor executive functioning, trauma, or other issues, you don't have to handle this alone. I'm committed to your well-being. You're entitled to your feelings and beliefs, and will always come first in this process. You don’t have to hide, please, or impress. You will be heard and accepted as you are, without judgment or labels. You are not your problem. You deserve to feel good. Knowing what happened to you is important but I don’t believe there’s something wrong with you.  If you can't believe this for yourself yet, I'll believe it for you until you do.
(872) 204-2831 View (872) 204-2831
Photo of Shelly Williams, Founder of Mind Management Inc, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Shelly Williams, Founder of Mind Management Inc
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
I am a psychotherapist, LCPC; graduate from St. Xavier University with a masters in clinical community counseling. I received my clinical training within the psychiatry department at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Over the past twelve years I have engaged in outreach work with individuals experiencing a range of chronic mental illness including psychotic spectrum disorders mood spectrum disorder; and anxiety disorders. My clients appreciate honest, non-judgmental feedback and are able to gain self-awareness and insight, while working collaboratively to create and accomplish treatment goals.
I am a psychotherapist, LCPC; graduate from St. Xavier University with a masters in clinical community counseling. I received my clinical training within the psychiatry department at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Over the past twelve years I have engaged in outreach work with individuals experiencing a range of chronic mental illness including psychotic spectrum disorders mood spectrum disorder; and anxiety disorders. My clients appreciate honest, non-judgmental feedback and are able to gain self-awareness and insight, while working collaboratively to create and accomplish treatment goals.
(312) 683-3952 View (312) 683-3952
Photo of Dave Howser, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Dave Howser
Counselor, MDiv, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
Waitlist for new clients
For over 30 years, I have accompanied others on their journey towards greater self-awareness, more fulfilling relationships, and exploring the needs and challenges of maintaining sound emotional, physical and spiritual health. My experience is particularly helpful when working on self-esteem issues, depression, grief and loss, relationship struggles, and faith and spiritual development. My clinical work draws upon skills developed while working as a hospital chaplain, pastoral counselor, bereavement counselor, youth counselor and a mental health therapist in a social service agency.
For over 30 years, I have accompanied others on their journey towards greater self-awareness, more fulfilling relationships, and exploring the needs and challenges of maintaining sound emotional, physical and spiritual health. My experience is particularly helpful when working on self-esteem issues, depression, grief and loss, relationship struggles, and faith and spiritual development. My clinical work draws upon skills developed while working as a hospital chaplain, pastoral counselor, bereavement counselor, youth counselor and a mental health therapist in a social service agency.
(773) 450-3395 View (773) 450-3395
Photo of Lauren Daniels, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Lauren Daniels
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, ATR
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60661
You’re a college student or young professional struggling with adulting & the transition to the “real world”. I get it, I’ve been there! No one really prepares you for the stress and confusion adulthood brings. How do you convince your friends, family, teachers, or boss that you know what you're doing? More importantly, how do you convince yourself? You are overthinking, insecure, and would rather doom scroll than face reality. I’m here to guide you with the tools needed to feel confident, successful, & independent while treating your mind, body, & soul- not just your symptoms. I believe in whole-person care for optimal performance.
You’re a college student or young professional struggling with adulting & the transition to the “real world”. I get it, I’ve been there! No one really prepares you for the stress and confusion adulthood brings. How do you convince your friends, family, teachers, or boss that you know what you're doing? More importantly, how do you convince yourself? You are overthinking, insecure, and would rather doom scroll than face reality. I’m here to guide you with the tools needed to feel confident, successful, & independent while treating your mind, body, & soul- not just your symptoms. I believe in whole-person care for optimal performance.
(773) 923-1325 View (773) 923-1325
Photo of Andréa L Brice, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Andréa L Brice
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
I work with individuals, families, and couples. Common topics I can support you with include: navigating relationships, communication, high conflict with your partner, fighting over the same issues, family conflict and trauma, attachment and different attachment styles in your relationship, infidelity, dating, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, stress management, role of spirituality and religion in your relationship, and increasing self-awareness. I also work from a culturally sensitive stance and can help you if you're faced with racism, classism, sexism, colorism, and more.
I work with individuals, families, and couples. Common topics I can support you with include: navigating relationships, communication, high conflict with your partner, fighting over the same issues, family conflict and trauma, attachment and different attachment styles in your relationship, infidelity, dating, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, stress management, role of spirituality and religion in your relationship, and increasing self-awareness. I also work from a culturally sensitive stance and can help you if you're faced with racism, classism, sexism, colorism, and more.
(312) 766-7194 View (312) 766-7194
Photo of Rachel Lehr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Rachel Lehr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
I am a licensed clinical social worker who obtained my Masters in Social Work from Loyola University of Chicago. I am passionate about working with individuals and partnerships to assist them in uncovering strengths and building skills to navigate relationships with themselves and others. I especially enjoy working with folks who are pursuing therapy for the first time. I became a clinical social worker because of my fascination for the human experience and all its nuances. I am honored to walk alongside folks in the space that therapy creates that doesn’t exist anywhere else. When you sit down for a session, you are the sole focus.
I am a licensed clinical social worker who obtained my Masters in Social Work from Loyola University of Chicago. I am passionate about working with individuals and partnerships to assist them in uncovering strengths and building skills to navigate relationships with themselves and others. I especially enjoy working with folks who are pursuing therapy for the first time. I became a clinical social worker because of my fascination for the human experience and all its nuances. I am honored to walk alongside folks in the space that therapy creates that doesn’t exist anywhere else. When you sit down for a session, you are the sole focus.
(708) 726-0932 View (708) 726-0932
Photo of Emma Bulzoni, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Emma Bulzoni
Counselor, MA , LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Emma Bulzoni, MA is a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in the treatment of adolescents and adults with anxiety disorders, mood disorders, trauma related disorders, and adjustment disorders. She received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Iowa. She holds a Masters degree in Counseling from Northwestern University, with a specialization in children and adolescents.
Emma Bulzoni, MA is a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in the treatment of adolescents and adults with anxiety disorders, mood disorders, trauma related disorders, and adjustment disorders. She received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Iowa. She holds a Masters degree in Counseling from Northwestern University, with a specialization in children and adolescents.
(872) 239-3403 View (872) 239-3403
Photo of Luisa Blanco, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Chicago, IL
Luisa Blanco
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
I work with individuals, couples, and families struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and perinatal mental health. I enjoy working with couples navigating marriage, pregnancy, parenting, divorce, and communication issues. Whatever your definition of family is, I welcome it into the space and encourage my clients to bring friends, siblings, or partners to our work if it feels significant. As a fellow actor, my other areas of interest include working with actors and artists experiencing major life transitions.
I work with individuals, couples, and families struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and perinatal mental health. I enjoy working with couples navigating marriage, pregnancy, parenting, divorce, and communication issues. Whatever your definition of family is, I welcome it into the space and encourage my clients to bring friends, siblings, or partners to our work if it feels significant. As a fellow actor, my other areas of interest include working with actors and artists experiencing major life transitions.
(773) 825-2915 View (773) 825-2915
Photo of Cardenas Institute, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Cardenas Institute
Counselor, LCPC, MA, EMDR, CADC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60612
We love our work and we are very committed to be a part of the global community that strives to bring an effective blend of experience, expertise, and action to the counseling process in order to provide genuine healing and wholeness to children, young adults, adults, marriages, and families. Over the last eighteen years or so we have learned wonderful therapy approaches such as EMDR, somatic work, CBT, Sandtray, Theraplay, ACT, and others. We understand that each person needs to receive an individualized approach and this involves going beyond Western approaches... Our family legacies, our ancestors, our history matter....
We love our work and we are very committed to be a part of the global community that strives to bring an effective blend of experience, expertise, and action to the counseling process in order to provide genuine healing and wholeness to children, young adults, adults, marriages, and families. Over the last eighteen years or so we have learned wonderful therapy approaches such as EMDR, somatic work, CBT, Sandtray, Theraplay, ACT, and others. We understand that each person needs to receive an individualized approach and this involves going beyond Western approaches... Our family legacies, our ancestors, our history matter....
(312) 997-5265 View (312) 997-5265
Photo of Kerrie Weber, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Kerrie Weber
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60642
When life's challenges are overwhelming, maintaining a happy and productive life can be difficult. Asking for help through these times is not easy, but it's truly a sign of strength. I help individuals work through emotional problems by identifying and changing limiting and negative patterns in their life, and establishing healthier ways to cope with stress. This ultimately leads to improved self-esteem, empowerment, enriched relationships, and fulfillment. I work collaboratively with my clients, and establish a trusting therapeutic relationship providing compassion and support. I am dedicated to helping my clients achieve their personal goals.
When life's challenges are overwhelming, maintaining a happy and productive life can be difficult. Asking for help through these times is not easy, but it's truly a sign of strength. I help individuals work through emotional problems by identifying and changing limiting and negative patterns in their life, and establishing healthier ways to cope with stress. This ultimately leads to improved self-esteem, empowerment, enriched relationships, and fulfillment. I work collaboratively with my clients, and establish a trusting therapeutic relationship providing compassion and support. I am dedicated to helping my clients achieve their personal goals.
(773) 417-5871 View (773) 417-5871
Photo of Hattie Stein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Hattie Stein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Whether you are seeking therapy for the first time or have spent years in therapy, I understand the challenges of starting with someone new. I believe the client-therapist relationship is one of the most important aspects of effective therapy and I provide a warm and compassionate space for you to tell your story. Combining dialogue, psychoeducation, humor, and evidence-based practices, I tailor each session to you and what is needed in the present moment. I act as a guide, helping you along the way towards new insight and resources.
Whether you are seeking therapy for the first time or have spent years in therapy, I understand the challenges of starting with someone new. I believe the client-therapist relationship is one of the most important aspects of effective therapy and I provide a warm and compassionate space for you to tell your story. Combining dialogue, psychoeducation, humor, and evidence-based practices, I tailor each session to you and what is needed in the present moment. I act as a guide, helping you along the way towards new insight and resources.
(872) 278-3514 View (872) 278-3514
Photo of Benjamin Schwartz, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Benjamin Schwartz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604
I feel privileged to be a psychologist and my therapeutic style reflects this appreciation. Building a trusting, collaborative relationship is at the forefront of my work, though I'm aware this looks differently with each of my clients. I see the process of change as occurring in the context of the therapeutic relationship and by exploring patterns that may be preventing one from living a fulfilling existence. Through the discovery of these patterns, we can begin to understand how to live life more genuinely. I incorporate various therapeutic approaches and interventions, which speaks to our unique needs.
I feel privileged to be a psychologist and my therapeutic style reflects this appreciation. Building a trusting, collaborative relationship is at the forefront of my work, though I'm aware this looks differently with each of my clients. I see the process of change as occurring in the context of the therapeutic relationship and by exploring patterns that may be preventing one from living a fulfilling existence. Through the discovery of these patterns, we can begin to understand how to live life more genuinely. I incorporate various therapeutic approaches and interventions, which speaks to our unique needs.
(312) 548-9356 View (312) 548-9356
Photo of D.A. Jopp & Associates, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
D.A. Jopp & Associates
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
I’m a licensed clinical psychologist with over a decade of experience in assisting adults, adolescents, couples and families with life, work and relationship issues. While the decision to enter therapy occurs at a difficult time, once you realize that most issues are simpler than they first appear, the experience can be transformative.
I’m a licensed clinical psychologist with over a decade of experience in assisting adults, adolescents, couples and families with life, work and relationship issues. While the decision to enter therapy occurs at a difficult time, once you realize that most issues are simpler than they first appear, the experience can be transformative.
(224) 276-2491 View (224) 276-2491
Photo of Mialauni Griggs, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Mialauni Griggs
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
It is not always easy to reach out to a stranger for help, yet you know you are ready to make a change in your life. My focus is on helping clients by understanding systemic or external factors that may impact your relationship with yourself and others. With that understanding we then work together to use that understanding to influence how we treat ourselves and engage the world around us.
It is not always easy to reach out to a stranger for help, yet you know you are ready to make a change in your life. My focus is on helping clients by understanding systemic or external factors that may impact your relationship with yourself and others. With that understanding we then work together to use that understanding to influence how we treat ourselves and engage the world around us.
(312) 262-2537 View (312) 262-2537
Photo of Naomi Gargiulo, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Naomi Gargiulo
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Not accepting new clients
Intersectionality and social justice are central in my practice and philosophy; in other words, I view you within the context of your identities and environment and consider what in those spheres may be helping or hurting you. My clinical specialties and interests include trauma, gender & sexuality exploration, depression & anxiety, and life transitions. I also have experience working with community college students, immigrants & refugees, and survivors of intimate partner violence.
Intersectionality and social justice are central in my practice and philosophy; in other words, I view you within the context of your identities and environment and consider what in those spheres may be helping or hurting you. My clinical specialties and interests include trauma, gender & sexuality exploration, depression & anxiety, and life transitions. I also have experience working with community college students, immigrants & refugees, and survivors of intimate partner violence.
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Photo of Dr. Eleanor D Laser, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Dr. Eleanor D Laser
Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
I am a psychotherapist with extensive experience using Hypnosis, NLP, EMDR and EFT for medical procedures, weight loss, anxiety reduction, essential tremor, and other issues. Through hypnosis, I can help you shift into a new way of thinking and being by deleting old messages and old programmed behaviors. We can replace old behaviors that no longer serve you with new thoughts and actions and that will improve the quality of your life and give you the peace and comfort. I am a coauthor of Patient Sedation Without Medication. Please visit my website www.laserhypnosis.com.
I am a psychotherapist with extensive experience using Hypnosis, NLP, EMDR and EFT for medical procedures, weight loss, anxiety reduction, essential tremor, and other issues. Through hypnosis, I can help you shift into a new way of thinking and being by deleting old messages and old programmed behaviors. We can replace old behaviors that no longer serve you with new thoughts and actions and that will improve the quality of your life and give you the peace and comfort. I am a coauthor of Patient Sedation Without Medication. Please visit my website www.laserhypnosis.com.
(312) 465-4993 View (312) 465-4993
Photo of Alexis Kraus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Alexis Kraus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
You might be feeling overwhelmed and need someone to talk to. Therapy is an essential practice that will help you understand your challenges and bring you the happiness you deserve. I will be there to support and guide you as you grow into the person you want to be. My goal as a therapist is to help you overcome obstacles and develop the skills needed to improve your overall well-being. I provide a warm and non-judgmental space for you to be truly heard so that you can communicate your authentic thoughts and feelings in a safe place.
You might be feeling overwhelmed and need someone to talk to. Therapy is an essential practice that will help you understand your challenges and bring you the happiness you deserve. I will be there to support and guide you as you grow into the person you want to be. My goal as a therapist is to help you overcome obstacles and develop the skills needed to improve your overall well-being. I provide a warm and non-judgmental space for you to be truly heard so that you can communicate your authentic thoughts and feelings in a safe place.
(872) 278-3711 View (872) 278-3711

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.