Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Kara Lynne Ressel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Kara Lynne Ressel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63132
I value supporting adolescents and adults struggling with life's challenges: depression, anxiety, stress, relationship difficulties, and much more. We tend to isolate in these difficult moments believing we are alone in our struggles. My goal is to provide a comforting and safe environment to make changes to achieve your goals and create more positive interactions.
I value supporting adolescents and adults struggling with life's challenges: depression, anxiety, stress, relationship difficulties, and much more. We tend to isolate in these difficult moments believing we are alone in our struggles. My goal is to provide a comforting and safe environment to make changes to achieve your goals and create more positive interactions.
(636) 205-2391 View (636) 205-2391
Photo of Emily Hudson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Emily Hudson
Licensed Professional Counselor, ND, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with the state of Missouri. I received a Masters in Counseling Psychology as well as a Doctorate in Naturopathic Medicine from Bastyr University in 2017. During my studies, I was a staff counselor at Bastyr University. In addition, I offered low cost therapy to the community at a year long internship at Seattle Therapy Alliance. I spent 4 years as a clinical fellow at Roots Renewal Counseling in St. Louis, MO. I enjoy working with adults experiencing issues related to anxiety, depression, OCD, grief/loss, chronic illness, identity development, career, body image and self confidence.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with the state of Missouri. I received a Masters in Counseling Psychology as well as a Doctorate in Naturopathic Medicine from Bastyr University in 2017. During my studies, I was a staff counselor at Bastyr University. In addition, I offered low cost therapy to the community at a year long internship at Seattle Therapy Alliance. I spent 4 years as a clinical fellow at Roots Renewal Counseling in St. Louis, MO. I enjoy working with adults experiencing issues related to anxiety, depression, OCD, grief/loss, chronic illness, identity development, career, body image and self confidence.
(314) 626-8862 View (314) 626-8862
Photo of Scott Heuer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Scott Heuer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Each of us has a long list of personal strengths within our “SELF”, but too often they go unnoticed due to the overwhelm of life in general. Life is full of experiences that hold a lasting effect on us and deter us from moving forward. I work with you to identify, and utilize these strengths by processing through the barriers of past trauma, stress and anxiety, and the heaviness of a lack of self-worth. I work with any individual no matter their identity, but being someone who has personal life experiences with addiction, who identifies as LGBTQ and is an adoptive parent, I have developed a special interest in these individuals.
Each of us has a long list of personal strengths within our “SELF”, but too often they go unnoticed due to the overwhelm of life in general. Life is full of experiences that hold a lasting effect on us and deter us from moving forward. I work with you to identify, and utilize these strengths by processing through the barriers of past trauma, stress and anxiety, and the heaviness of a lack of self-worth. I work with any individual no matter their identity, but being someone who has personal life experiences with addiction, who identifies as LGBTQ and is an adoptive parent, I have developed a special interest in these individuals.
(314) 328-8731 View (314) 328-8731
Photo of Dave Bahre, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Dave Bahre
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
Life is a journey of time and distance, meant, not only to move us along from one place to another, but to paint the picture and tell the story of who we are, how we feel, and how we positively influence the world around us. Like so many journeys, there are times we feel lost, tumbling in murky waters, wandering in a dark forest, or forgotten in some unlit cave. Who am I? Why “all of this?” Where is my relief? My sanctuary? How do I survive, much less thrive? Sometimes we need to take a look back at the things that have happened to us and what our part in this was in order to understand how we arrived at where we are.
Life is a journey of time and distance, meant, not only to move us along from one place to another, but to paint the picture and tell the story of who we are, how we feel, and how we positively influence the world around us. Like so many journeys, there are times we feel lost, tumbling in murky waters, wandering in a dark forest, or forgotten in some unlit cave. Who am I? Why “all of this?” Where is my relief? My sanctuary? How do I survive, much less thrive? Sometimes we need to take a look back at the things that have happened to us and what our part in this was in order to understand how we arrived at where we are.
(314) 742-3679 View (314) 742-3679
Photo of Hannah Paul, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Hannah Paul
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63146  (Online Only)
It is so exciting to me that you are looking for a therapist! Are you trying & struggling to make some big life decisions, or trying to figure out why it’s hard to trust or feel connected with yourself? Feeling like it might be helpful or necessary to (finally) process complicated or upsetting events from your past that you’ve been working hard to just move on from? Wanting to process an experience in a religious setting that felt confusing or upsetting, examine your relationship with a spiritual/religious organization, or explore the ways that religious influences have impacted your relationships and identity development?
It is so exciting to me that you are looking for a therapist! Are you trying & struggling to make some big life decisions, or trying to figure out why it’s hard to trust or feel connected with yourself? Feeling like it might be helpful or necessary to (finally) process complicated or upsetting events from your past that you’ve been working hard to just move on from? Wanting to process an experience in a religious setting that felt confusing or upsetting, examine your relationship with a spiritual/religious organization, or explore the ways that religious influences have impacted your relationships and identity development?
(314) 451-7829 View (314) 451-7829
Photo of Ellen Marting Jayaprabhu, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Ellen Marting Jayaprabhu
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63141
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I provide individual, couple, and family therapy for a variety of clinical issues from psychodynamic and family systems perspectives. I specialize in anxiety, depression, grief, eating disorders, abuse recovery (sexual, physical and emotional), relationship problems, adults and adolescents. I have a passion to work with hurting people and find it an honor to be part of the healing process that can occur through psychotherapy. I value and prioritize developing a strong and authentic relationship with my clients.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I provide individual, couple, and family therapy for a variety of clinical issues from psychodynamic and family systems perspectives. I specialize in anxiety, depression, grief, eating disorders, abuse recovery (sexual, physical and emotional), relationship problems, adults and adolescents. I have a passion to work with hurting people and find it an honor to be part of the healing process that can occur through psychotherapy. I value and prioritize developing a strong and authentic relationship with my clients.
(314) 635-6505 View (314) 635-6505
Photo of Karen Grayson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Karen Grayson
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63141
I work exclusively with therapists and coaches who want to bring Internal Family Systems (IFS) more fully into their lives and professional work. Heal your own trauma. Live more effectively from your best Self. Help your clients gain insight and transform their lives. The more Self-led, grounded, and confident you are as a practitioner, the more your clients will heal and the more joy you'll feel in your life and work.
I work exclusively with therapists and coaches who want to bring Internal Family Systems (IFS) more fully into their lives and professional work. Heal your own trauma. Live more effectively from your best Self. Help your clients gain insight and transform their lives. The more Self-led, grounded, and confident you are as a practitioner, the more your clients will heal and the more joy you'll feel in your life and work.
(314) 714-4233 View (314) 714-4233
Photo of Brittany A. Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Brittany A. Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63101  (Online Only)
Taking the steps to locate and secure a therapist are not easy. You’ve probably been through some tough challenges that have brought you to this place today. However, you don’t have to navigate the hardships of life on your own. Allow me to help you build the skills you need to tap into your own resilience and create lasting changes!
Taking the steps to locate and secure a therapist are not easy. You’ve probably been through some tough challenges that have brought you to this place today. However, you don’t have to navigate the hardships of life on your own. Allow me to help you build the skills you need to tap into your own resilience and create lasting changes!
(314) 742-7182 View (314) 742-7182
Photo of River Chew, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
River Chew
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, REAT-IT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Hi, my name is River! I'm a therapist and I’m passionate about working with people who have been impacted by trauma and painful life experiences. I believe that our bodies and minds have innate wisdom and flexibility. When we are exposed to hardships we adapt to keep ourselves safe from danger. This may look like shutting down our emotions to cope, looking for warning signs everywhere we go, or being hesitant to trust those closest to us. These responses can become second nature, and we sometimes keep using them even after the danger is gone. In cases like these the behaviors that once protected us can start to cause pain instead.
Hi, my name is River! I'm a therapist and I’m passionate about working with people who have been impacted by trauma and painful life experiences. I believe that our bodies and minds have innate wisdom and flexibility. When we are exposed to hardships we adapt to keep ourselves safe from danger. This may look like shutting down our emotions to cope, looking for warning signs everywhere we go, or being hesitant to trust those closest to us. These responses can become second nature, and we sometimes keep using them even after the danger is gone. In cases like these the behaviors that once protected us can start to cause pain instead.
(314) 886-6423 View (314) 886-6423
Photo of Jill Carron, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Jill Carron
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63122
Jill Carron, MS, LPC, is a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in working with children, adolescents, and adults with a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, self-harm behaviors, relationships, anger management, ADHD, trauma, and family conflict. Jill uses various types of therapy in her sessions including Person-Centered Therapy, Play Therapy, Mindfulness, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Jill Carron, MS, LPC, is a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in working with children, adolescents, and adults with a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, self-harm behaviors, relationships, anger management, ADHD, trauma, and family conflict. Jill uses various types of therapy in her sessions including Person-Centered Therapy, Play Therapy, Mindfulness, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
(314) 347-3090 View (314) 347-3090
Photo of Leslie Hargus, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Leslie Hargus
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63124
My ideal clients are ages 13 and up. I thoroughly enjoy working with pre-teens and teenagers, as well as members of the LGBTQIA+ community. The life-changing events associated with growing up in today's world are often stressful, and my purpose is to bring peace and clarity to those otherwise troubling moments.
My ideal clients are ages 13 and up. I thoroughly enjoy working with pre-teens and teenagers, as well as members of the LGBTQIA+ community. The life-changing events associated with growing up in today's world are often stressful, and my purpose is to bring peace and clarity to those otherwise troubling moments.
(314) 786-3882 View (314) 786-3882
Photo of Transforming Lives Counseling Service, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Transforming Lives Counseling Service, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63177  (Online Only)
At some point in life we all encounter a challenge, struggle or obstacle that may cause us to stumble or fall short of our dreams or expectations. We have a difficult time discerning the next step we should take and are confused by the many different opinions and influences of others. It is in these times that help from a professional counselor may be in order to aid in getting back or getting to the life we deserve. My name is Roshanda Neal and I am passionate about helping you to become victorious as you strive towards living your best life.
At some point in life we all encounter a challenge, struggle or obstacle that may cause us to stumble or fall short of our dreams or expectations. We have a difficult time discerning the next step we should take and are confused by the many different opinions and influences of others. It is in these times that help from a professional counselor may be in order to aid in getting back or getting to the life we deserve. My name is Roshanda Neal and I am passionate about helping you to become victorious as you strive towards living your best life.
(314) 628-8175 View (314) 628-8175
Photo of Andrea Crafton Bloom Perinatal Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Andrea Crafton Bloom Perinatal Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63146  (Online Only)
You currently may feel alone and no one understands your struggles whether you are having issues with infertility, loss, the postpartum period, or birth trauma/planning. The people you are closest to try to be supportive, but their support just isn't enough. Your current reality is far from what you envisioned for yourself regarding motherhood and instead you are left feeling defeated. I often hear from my clients they feel stuck while the world is moving at a fast pace right by them. Let's work together to help get you moving and unstuck.
You currently may feel alone and no one understands your struggles whether you are having issues with infertility, loss, the postpartum period, or birth trauma/planning. The people you are closest to try to be supportive, but their support just isn't enough. Your current reality is far from what you envisioned for yourself regarding motherhood and instead you are left feeling defeated. I often hear from my clients they feel stuck while the world is moving at a fast pace right by them. Let's work together to help get you moving and unstuck.
(573) 577-2604 View (573) 577-2604
Photo of John Hart, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
John Hart
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63105
I have over 20 years of experience working in a therapeutic setting. My approach places a central focus on development of a strong therapeutic relationship and creating a space where one can explore personal issues. Symptoms are often what bring people to seek therapy. I see a symptom as a means for understanding the underlying issues that cause them. I have experience working with adults and adolescents (ages 13 and older). In support of working with adolescents, I also work with parents in a parallel manner.
I have over 20 years of experience working in a therapeutic setting. My approach places a central focus on development of a strong therapeutic relationship and creating a space where one can explore personal issues. Symptoms are often what bring people to seek therapy. I see a symptom as a means for understanding the underlying issues that cause them. I have experience working with adults and adolescents (ages 13 and older). In support of working with adolescents, I also work with parents in a parallel manner.
(314) 488-2156 View (314) 488-2156
Photo of John A Ware, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
John A Ware
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, JD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63131
I see my role as one who can help clarify and encourage strategies to strengthen one's ability to navigate through stresses and pain. Together, we can develop plans to deal with challenging issues and life transitions in marriage, family, and professional or work situations. My career and life experiences have provided me with unique real world insights into the issues facing men and women today. I understand people who are coping with the difficult balancing of inter-personal relationships, family relationships, and work-related issues including, with increasing frequency, the stress, anxiety and uncertainty created by job loss or career transition.
I see my role as one who can help clarify and encourage strategies to strengthen one's ability to navigate through stresses and pain. Together, we can develop plans to deal with challenging issues and life transitions in marriage, family, and professional or work situations. My career and life experiences have provided me with unique real world insights into the issues facing men and women today. I understand people who are coping with the difficult balancing of inter-personal relationships, family relationships, and work-related issues including, with increasing frequency, the stress, anxiety and uncertainty created by job loss or career transition.
(314) 596-2940 View (314) 596-2940
Photo of Marybeth Pugh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Marybeth Pugh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63124
Hello, I’m MaryBeth! I have 8 years of clinical experience in community mental health. My goal is to help you achieve your goals, as I believe that YOU are the expert in your life and you deserve to take up space in this world! I work with people ages 15 & up. I am trained in EMDR, TF-CBT, & CPT. Through a trauma informed lens, we will use client-centered therapy to tailor modalities to your personal needs. I also find that creating art in our sessions can be incredibly powerful, if that’s something you’d like to explore! I accept UHC, Cigna, Aetna, Medicaid HSH, & self-pay.
Hello, I’m MaryBeth! I have 8 years of clinical experience in community mental health. My goal is to help you achieve your goals, as I believe that YOU are the expert in your life and you deserve to take up space in this world! I work with people ages 15 & up. I am trained in EMDR, TF-CBT, & CPT. Through a trauma informed lens, we will use client-centered therapy to tailor modalities to your personal needs. I also find that creating art in our sessions can be incredibly powerful, if that’s something you’d like to explore! I accept UHC, Cigna, Aetna, Medicaid HSH, & self-pay.
(314) 970-5040 View (314) 970-5040
Photo of Kimberly Davis, Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Kimberly Davis
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139  (Online Only)
Are you currently facing challenges in life? Or have you been grappling with past traumas without glimpses of light at the end of the tunnel? You don't have to go through it alone. I'm Kim Davis, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Missouri who guides clients through challenging times.
Are you currently facing challenges in life? Or have you been grappling with past traumas without glimpses of light at the end of the tunnel? You don't have to go through it alone. I'm Kim Davis, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Missouri who guides clients through challenging times.
(314) 208-3286 View (314) 208-3286
Photo of Megan Palensky, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Megan Palensky
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
I value the counseling setting as a place to discuss all thoughts and feelings freely and without fear of judgment so that new associations can be made, and emotional isolation can be replaced with connection. When we understand and accept ourselves, growth and healing can occur! I create a safe space where individuals can first understand how their personal experiences have impacted their lives and then collaborate with clients in order to establish authentic insights that will shape their stories moving forward.
I value the counseling setting as a place to discuss all thoughts and feelings freely and without fear of judgment so that new associations can be made, and emotional isolation can be replaced with connection. When we understand and accept ourselves, growth and healing can occur! I create a safe space where individuals can first understand how their personal experiences have impacted their lives and then collaborate with clients in order to establish authentic insights that will shape their stories moving forward.
(314) 370-2158 View (314) 370-2158
Photo of Jennifer Morgan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Jennifer Morgan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, BCPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63123
My focus is developing a relationship with my clients that becomes the foundation for transformation. My work is guided by the belief that much in life is related to the core need of knowing and being known. After addressing physical needs & causes, I often lean into the idea that our thoughts are part of what cause our feelings and behaviors. If we are able to change the way we think about the world, we will be able to change the way we feel and act. Most importantly, having someone who cares walk along side you can make all the difference in the world. Change isn't easy, but seeking help means you don't have to do it alone.
My focus is developing a relationship with my clients that becomes the foundation for transformation. My work is guided by the belief that much in life is related to the core need of knowing and being known. After addressing physical needs & causes, I often lean into the idea that our thoughts are part of what cause our feelings and behaviors. If we are able to change the way we think about the world, we will be able to change the way we feel and act. Most importantly, having someone who cares walk along side you can make all the difference in the world. Change isn't easy, but seeking help means you don't have to do it alone.
(314) 828-1408 View (314) 828-1408
Photo of The Empowerment Spot, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
The Empowerment Spot, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63131
Scheduling New Clients! Do you feel anxiety about a current life transition? Is a past trauma holding you back in life? It's common to experience grief about the loss of someone or an idea of how you thought life would be. Individuals and couples can enhance the quality of their relationships and gain a better understand of others by attending therapy. I will sit with you and accept you as you are, while we work together on creating a plan of action to break out of patterns that are no longer serving you. It is ok if you have no clue where to start. This is a great first step!
Scheduling New Clients! Do you feel anxiety about a current life transition? Is a past trauma holding you back in life? It's common to experience grief about the loss of someone or an idea of how you thought life would be. Individuals and couples can enhance the quality of their relationships and gain a better understand of others by attending therapy. I will sit with you and accept you as you are, while we work together on creating a plan of action to break out of patterns that are no longer serving you. It is ok if you have no clue where to start. This is a great first step!
(314) 936-3892 View (314) 936-3892

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.