Therapists in Westlake, OH

Photo of Douglas Ryder, Marriage & Family Therapist in Westlake, OH
Douglas Ryder
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, IMFT
Verified Verified
Westlake, OH 44145
After having spent several years working in community mental health and residential treatment, I have worked with a wide range of issues. I'm comfortable with helping individuals, couples, and families who have felt like others have not been willing to help them. My ideal client(s) would be the person, family, or couple who thinks, "My problems would be too much for someone else," or someone who has felt mental health professionals let them down in the past. I'd like to work with you because I think we can find a way to make life better.
After having spent several years working in community mental health and residential treatment, I have worked with a wide range of issues. I'm comfortable with helping individuals, couples, and families who have felt like others have not been willing to help them. My ideal client(s) would be the person, family, or couple who thinks, "My problems would be too much for someone else," or someone who has felt mental health professionals let them down in the past. I'd like to work with you because I think we can find a way to make life better.
(440) 553-8890 View (440) 553-8890
Photo of Aaron Christopher Knapp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Westlake, OH
Aaron Christopher Knapp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, CDCA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Hi, my name is Aaron C Knapp, and I am a Licensed Social Worker and a Chemical Dependency Counselor Assistant. I specialize in working with children and teens, 8-18 years old and their families as well as Adults. I have experience with this age group in a community mental health and residential setting, as well as having worked with juveniles who have been mandated for treatment due to juvenile delinquency through the courts. I feel that my experience with this age group’s needs from a developmental as well as lived experience has given me a unique perspective allowing greater therapeutic results. I am practiced in adult therapy.
Hi, my name is Aaron C Knapp, and I am a Licensed Social Worker and a Chemical Dependency Counselor Assistant. I specialize in working with children and teens, 8-18 years old and their families as well as Adults. I have experience with this age group in a community mental health and residential setting, as well as having worked with juveniles who have been mandated for treatment due to juvenile delinquency through the courts. I feel that my experience with this age group’s needs from a developmental as well as lived experience has given me a unique perspective allowing greater therapeutic results. I am practiced in adult therapy.
(440) 616-7574 View (440) 616-7574
Photo of Tree of Life Counseling & Training Center, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Westlake, OH
Tree of Life Counseling & Training Center
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LICDC
Verified Verified
Westlake, OH 44145  (Online Only)
My desire is to work with individuals to assist with overcoming barriers in their lives that may be causing problems in their personal and professional lives. I take a client-centered approach so that individuals feel secure and open in the counseling sessions to share and heal. I’m a Licensed Independent Chemical Dependency Counselor and Counselor in Training. My background includes 17 years as Residential Specialist Team Lead in mental health, 7 years in the field of substance abuse, 4 years as an Adjunct Instructor and that allows me to relate with people from all walks of life.
My desire is to work with individuals to assist with overcoming barriers in their lives that may be causing problems in their personal and professional lives. I take a client-centered approach so that individuals feel secure and open in the counseling sessions to share and heal. I’m a Licensed Independent Chemical Dependency Counselor and Counselor in Training. My background includes 17 years as Residential Specialist Team Lead in mental health, 7 years in the field of substance abuse, 4 years as an Adjunct Instructor and that allows me to relate with people from all walks of life.
(440) 732-3916 View (440) 732-3916
Photo of Suzanne J Smith, Psychologist in Westlake, OH
Suzanne J Smith
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Not accepting new clients
Seeking psychotherapy is a brave step toward emotional wellness. And choosing the right provider for you is essential for success. As a Clinical Psychologist, I utilize a wealth of research supported interventions which I personalize depending on your specific needs and style. I work with individuals and couples to achieve their personal goals of psychological wellness and healthy relationships. My mission is to help each person take meaningful steps toward emotional health and learn specific skills to maintain these gains long after therapy ends.
Seeking psychotherapy is a brave step toward emotional wellness. And choosing the right provider for you is essential for success. As a Clinical Psychologist, I utilize a wealth of research supported interventions which I personalize depending on your specific needs and style. I work with individuals and couples to achieve their personal goals of psychological wellness and healthy relationships. My mission is to help each person take meaningful steps toward emotional health and learn specific skills to maintain these gains long after therapy ends.
(216) 930-2463 View (216) 930-2463
Photo of Strive CLE, Counselor in Westlake, OH
Strive CLE
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
I have been practicing in the mental health field since 2005. I am truly driven to help each person find their way to happiness and overall peace. Everyone has their own journey and it is never too late to be the person you want to be. I specialize in adolescent and adult populations. I also have many years of experience treating substance abuse which coincides with overall mental health. Please visit my bio at StriveCleCounseling.com to learn more about the services I provide and how to schedule an appointment.
I have been practicing in the mental health field since 2005. I am truly driven to help each person find their way to happiness and overall peace. Everyone has their own journey and it is never too late to be the person you want to be. I specialize in adolescent and adult populations. I also have many years of experience treating substance abuse which coincides with overall mental health. Please visit my bio at StriveCleCounseling.com to learn more about the services I provide and how to schedule an appointment.
(440) 201-4488 View (440) 201-4488
Photo of Hannah Belden, LPC Intern in Westlake, OH
Hannah Belden
LPC Intern, CT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145  (Online Only)
Life can throw some pretty wild curveballs, right? Whether it's dealing with relationships, going through big changes, or just feeling totally overwhelmed by emotions, it can all get a bit much sometimes. But guess what? You're not alone, and you've come to the right spot! I'm here to help you in tackling whatever life throws your way, whether you need a hand getting over some hurdles, figuring out how to deal with those big feelings, or just someone to listen without judgment.
Life can throw some pretty wild curveballs, right? Whether it's dealing with relationships, going through big changes, or just feeling totally overwhelmed by emotions, it can all get a bit much sometimes. But guess what? You're not alone, and you've come to the right spot! I'm here to help you in tackling whatever life throws your way, whether you need a hand getting over some hurdles, figuring out how to deal with those big feelings, or just someone to listen without judgment.
(440) 664-2615 View (440) 664-2615
Photo of Kasandra Aussem, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Westlake, OH
Kasandra Aussem
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
I enjoy and am passionate about helping others find ways to improve their overall emotional health and happiness. I focus on individuals personal goals, strengths, passions and desires. The journey in making changes and finding one's own happiness can be daunting and exciting along the way. I am committed to helping others go through the process of finding their groove, getting to know themselves better, and reaching their goals and dreams through an eclectic approach suiting each person as they need.
I enjoy and am passionate about helping others find ways to improve their overall emotional health and happiness. I focus on individuals personal goals, strengths, passions and desires. The journey in making changes and finding one's own happiness can be daunting and exciting along the way. I am committed to helping others go through the process of finding their groove, getting to know themselves better, and reaching their goals and dreams through an eclectic approach suiting each person as they need.
(440) 276-4250 View (440) 276-4250
Photo of Maggie Scott, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Westlake, OH
Maggie Scott
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Westlake, OH 44145
I celebrate the individuality of each of my clients. I create a safe, supportive, non-judgmental environment to facilitate growth and healing through self-exploration and awareness. It is my goal to empower you by drawing from your strengths and personal values.
I celebrate the individuality of each of my clients. I create a safe, supportive, non-judgmental environment to facilitate growth and healing through self-exploration and awareness. It is my goal to empower you by drawing from your strengths and personal values.
View
Photo of Gina Maiolo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Westlake, OH
Gina Maiolo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Whether you are struggling with relationship difficulties, life transitions, issues at work, or feeling overrun by your own thoughts, you do not have to face your struggles alone. I understand that making the decision to meet with a counselor can feel stressful, overwhelming, or even scary at first. My goal is to make that transition as smooth as possible by creating a safe, nonjudgmental environment where you feel understood and supported.
Whether you are struggling with relationship difficulties, life transitions, issues at work, or feeling overrun by your own thoughts, you do not have to face your struggles alone. I understand that making the decision to meet with a counselor can feel stressful, overwhelming, or even scary at first. My goal is to make that transition as smooth as possible by creating a safe, nonjudgmental environment where you feel understood and supported.
(440) 671-1755 View (440) 671-1755
Photo of Jamiee Imbrogno, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Westlake, OH
Jamiee Imbrogno
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Jamiee has worked with domestic violence, substance abuse, at risk children, and trauma survivors. Jamiee has a passion for providing compassionate and empathetic support to the individuals in which she serves. Jamiee has expertise in working with domestic violence survivors, personality disorders, trauma related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, behavioral disorders, and individuals who are experiencing grief and/or loss.
Jamiee has worked with domestic violence, substance abuse, at risk children, and trauma survivors. Jamiee has a passion for providing compassionate and empathetic support to the individuals in which she serves. Jamiee has expertise in working with domestic violence survivors, personality disorders, trauma related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, behavioral disorders, and individuals who are experiencing grief and/or loss.
(440) 548-1779 View (440) 548-1779
Photo of Corrine Kisselle, Counselor in Westlake, OH
Corrine Kisselle
Counselor, MEd, LPCC, LICDC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
My role as your therapist is to provide a safe and comfortable environment, while exploring your presenting concerns and symptoms. I strive to be genuine, authentic and humble while exploring your concerns. I am dually licensed as a chemical dependency counselor (LICDC) and as a Professional Clinical Counselor (PCC). Areas of expertise include: depression, anxiety, perinatal mood disorders, postpartum depression, relationship issues, parenting stress, existential life stress, and substance abuse/addiction. I work with teenagers, adults, and LGBTQ populations.
My role as your therapist is to provide a safe and comfortable environment, while exploring your presenting concerns and symptoms. I strive to be genuine, authentic and humble while exploring your concerns. I am dually licensed as a chemical dependency counselor (LICDC) and as a Professional Clinical Counselor (PCC). Areas of expertise include: depression, anxiety, perinatal mood disorders, postpartum depression, relationship issues, parenting stress, existential life stress, and substance abuse/addiction. I work with teenagers, adults, and LGBTQ populations.
(440) 332-4337 View (440) 332-4337
Photo of Anna Baldwin, Counselor in Westlake, OH
Anna Baldwin
Counselor, LPCC-S, LICDC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes peace of mind feels so far out of reach and as much as we try, it can feel unattainable on our own. As a licensed counselor I am here to facilitate change and growth through genuine connection and provide each client a safe, accepting environment to process obstacles present, past, or future. My mission is to empower each person to understand all aspects of their life and recognize the impact of their experiences, relationships, and understandings on their current perspective.
Sometimes peace of mind feels so far out of reach and as much as we try, it can feel unattainable on our own. As a licensed counselor I am here to facilitate change and growth through genuine connection and provide each client a safe, accepting environment to process obstacles present, past, or future. My mission is to empower each person to understand all aspects of their life and recognize the impact of their experiences, relationships, and understandings on their current perspective.
(216) 755-7588 View (216) 755-7588
Photo of Hannah Mansell, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Westlake, OH
Hannah Mansell
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Westlake, OH 44145
As you leave our sessions, I strive to leave you feeling valued, accepted, and heard. To me, it is of the utmost importance to build genuine and trusting relationships with clients. This creates the foundation for healing. Together we will unpack what is getting in the way of you functioning at your best and determine a path forward. I will help you to connect with your feelings, build upon your strengths, reconstruct limiting beliefs, and determine which coping strategies make sense for you. Through our work together, you will gain a deeper understanding of yourself and learn to honor your most authentic you.
As you leave our sessions, I strive to leave you feeling valued, accepted, and heard. To me, it is of the utmost importance to build genuine and trusting relationships with clients. This creates the foundation for healing. Together we will unpack what is getting in the way of you functioning at your best and determine a path forward. I will help you to connect with your feelings, build upon your strengths, reconstruct limiting beliefs, and determine which coping strategies make sense for you. Through our work together, you will gain a deeper understanding of yourself and learn to honor your most authentic you.
(440) 538-1815 View (440) 538-1815
Photo of Morgan Murray, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Westlake, OH
Morgan Murray
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
I believe in meeting each client where they are at currently & taking time to understand each person’s unique story. You may come to a spot where you feel stuck in your story and unable to move forward. You may find yourself feeling overwhelmed, weighed down, or having difficulty connecting with others. I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space for client's to participate in healing conversations. This space starts with a therapeutic relationship built on trust and acceptance, no matter who you are or what you are going through.
I believe in meeting each client where they are at currently & taking time to understand each person’s unique story. You may come to a spot where you feel stuck in your story and unable to move forward. You may find yourself feeling overwhelmed, weighed down, or having difficulty connecting with others. I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental space for client's to participate in healing conversations. This space starts with a therapeutic relationship built on trust and acceptance, no matter who you are or what you are going through.
(440) 683-6723 View (440) 683-6723
Photo of Lauren Bagoly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Westlake, OH
Lauren Bagoly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Westlake, OH 44145
Waitlist for new clients
Waitlist for new clients - Offering telehealth and in-person counseling. Accepting new clients. Life is challenging, stressful, messy, scary, and imperfect. We can be burdened by so many different things in so many different ways. We may even feel like a burden to others sometimes. Other times, our own minds give us the biggest trouble. We should never have to navigate these struggles alone. I am set on helping individuals unburden their hearts and souls so they can live free. Life is hard but it doesn't always have to be. Let's get out of our own way.
Waitlist for new clients - Offering telehealth and in-person counseling. Accepting new clients. Life is challenging, stressful, messy, scary, and imperfect. We can be burdened by so many different things in so many different ways. We may even feel like a burden to others sometimes. Other times, our own minds give us the biggest trouble. We should never have to navigate these struggles alone. I am set on helping individuals unburden their hearts and souls so they can live free. Life is hard but it doesn't always have to be. Let's get out of our own way.
(440) 739-7455 View (440) 739-7455
Photo of Sam Kuntz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Westlake, OH
Sam Kuntz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Westlake, OH 44145
Not accepting new clients
Offering both telehealth & in-person counseling at this time. After ten years working in the mental health and addictions treatment field, I decided to open my own practice for a very specific reason. I have seen and experienced first-hand that the most significant relationship in one’s life is the relationship with one’s self. This relationship is oftentimes short-changed and harmed before it even has a chance to begin flourishing, based on circumstances, events, and environments. And, rather than focus solely on symptom management, I have seen the irrefutable benefit of digging in and focusing on what lies beneath the surface.
Offering both telehealth & in-person counseling at this time. After ten years working in the mental health and addictions treatment field, I decided to open my own practice for a very specific reason. I have seen and experienced first-hand that the most significant relationship in one’s life is the relationship with one’s self. This relationship is oftentimes short-changed and harmed before it even has a chance to begin flourishing, based on circumstances, events, and environments. And, rather than focus solely on symptom management, I have seen the irrefutable benefit of digging in and focusing on what lies beneath the surface.
(440) 570-3790 View (440) 570-3790
Photo of Katherine Krizman, Counselor in Westlake, OH
Katherine Krizman
Counselor, LPCC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life can be hard and unpredictable. Whether you know exactly what obstacles you are facing, or if you are unsure why you’re feeling a certain way, therapy can be a great avenue to gain better insight and learn new techniques to help create greater balance and a better quality of life. I provide a nurturing, non-judgmental environment to help make the experience of therapy relaxed and genuine. I work with adults looking to make positive and meaningful changes in their lives. My specialties include stress, anxiety, trauma, substance use, and other addictions.
Life can be hard and unpredictable. Whether you know exactly what obstacles you are facing, or if you are unsure why you’re feeling a certain way, therapy can be a great avenue to gain better insight and learn new techniques to help create greater balance and a better quality of life. I provide a nurturing, non-judgmental environment to help make the experience of therapy relaxed and genuine. I work with adults looking to make positive and meaningful changes in their lives. My specialties include stress, anxiety, trauma, substance use, and other addictions.
(440) 616-8607 View (440) 616-8607
Photo of Doreen Di Fiore, Psychologist in Westlake, OH
Doreen Di Fiore
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Are you tired of struggling in a relationship? Are you trying to cope with a major loss or change in your life? Relationships are hard and often disappointing. No one gets through life without encountering emotional pain, loss and challenges. It can be overwhelming to try dealing with tough times all on your own. I am passionate about helping people, both individuals and couples, get through difficult times and improve the overall quality of their lives.
Are you tired of struggling in a relationship? Are you trying to cope with a major loss or change in your life? Relationships are hard and often disappointing. No one gets through life without encountering emotional pain, loss and challenges. It can be overwhelming to try dealing with tough times all on your own. I am passionate about helping people, both individuals and couples, get through difficult times and improve the overall quality of their lives.
(440) 750-2511 View (440) 750-2511
Photo of Victoria Norton Kellermann, Psychologist in Westlake, OH
Victoria Norton Kellermann
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
My clinical work is dedicated to working with children, adolescents, and adults. I specialize in working with families, including developmental, behavioral, social, and/or emotional concerns of children, parenting difficulties, and family stress/conflict. I have specific expertise in the field of pediatric (health) psychology and the assessment/treatment of very early children (the first five years). Regardless of age, the goal of care is to decrease distress and increase general well-being and joy.
My clinical work is dedicated to working with children, adolescents, and adults. I specialize in working with families, including developmental, behavioral, social, and/or emotional concerns of children, parenting difficulties, and family stress/conflict. I have specific expertise in the field of pediatric (health) psychology and the assessment/treatment of very early children (the first five years). Regardless of age, the goal of care is to decrease distress and increase general well-being and joy.
(440) 276-3633 View (440) 276-3633
Photo of Dr. Chase Morgan-Swaney, Counselor in Westlake, OH
Dr. Chase Morgan-Swaney
Counselor, LPCC-S, NCC, CCMHC, ACS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Waitlist for new clients
This work is hard, so let's work with ourselves instead of against ourselves for a change, shall we? My intention is to show up for you as you grow in your capacity to show up for yourself and others. Practice makes permanent, not perfect. I am an LGBTQ+ affirmative clinical counselor who engages in mutually empathic, growth-fostering, and compassion-centric relationships that empower diverse folks to meet their mental health, wellness, education, and career goals. Both through our work together and as a result of it, we will foster a renewed zest for life, self-worth, clarity, creativity, and a desire for meaningful connection.
This work is hard, so let's work with ourselves instead of against ourselves for a change, shall we? My intention is to show up for you as you grow in your capacity to show up for yourself and others. Practice makes permanent, not perfect. I am an LGBTQ+ affirmative clinical counselor who engages in mutually empathic, growth-fostering, and compassion-centric relationships that empower diverse folks to meet their mental health, wellness, education, and career goals. Both through our work together and as a result of it, we will foster a renewed zest for life, self-worth, clarity, creativity, and a desire for meaningful connection.
(440) 490-5368 View (440) 490-5368

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Westlake, OH

200+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Westlake, OH who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
92% Depression
81% Coping Skills
79% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
76% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Medical Mutual
84% Aetna
83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Westlake, OH see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
12% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Westlake?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.