Photo of Richard L Phillipps, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Newton, MA
Richard L Phillipps
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MPH
Verified Verified
West Newton, MA 02465  (Online Only)
Mindfulness, cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic approaches are the most powerful tools I use.
For over 30 years I've been helping people overcome obstacles that seem insurmountable. I have special expertise in the treatment of anxiety, depression, addiction, and emotional issues related to physical illness. My dual background in Public Health and Social Work enables me to help people who have both psychological and health issues. I'm a strong advocate for family, peer and community support when acceptable to my clients.
Mindfulness, cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic approaches are the most powerful tools I use.
For over 30 years I've been helping people overcome obstacles that seem insurmountable. I have special expertise in the treatment of anxiety, depression, addiction, and emotional issues related to physical illness. My dual background in Public Health and Social Work enables me to help people who have both psychological and health issues. I'm a strong advocate for family, peer and community support when acceptable to my clients.
(617) 440-7138 View (617) 440-7138
Photo of Centre Place Counseling, Counselor in West Newton, MA
Centre Place Counseling
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
West Newton, MA 02465
I work with individuals coping with stressful life situations, problematic behaviors, and difficult emotions. I am skilled and experienced in supporting those struggling with ADHD, anger, anxiety, depression, relationship problems, and trauma.
I work with individuals coping with stressful life situations, problematic behaviors, and difficult emotions. I am skilled and experienced in supporting those struggling with ADHD, anger, anxiety, depression, relationship problems, and trauma.
(617) 830-1837 View (617) 830-1837
Photo of Constance Mccashin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Newton, MA
Constance Mccashin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
West Newton, MA 02465
I have a concentration of clients among college age students, and young adults. I specialize in eating disorders, and related issues. I also have a strong background in the performing arts, and see a significant number of creative clients. For twelve years I worked in a college counseling center. This has afforded me the opportunity to work with students who struggle with the concerns of people in their late teens, early twenties: depression; anxiety; ADD; OCD; substance abuse (as well as the more common issues surrounding living away from home, roommates, academic rigor, awaking sexual identity, etc.)
I have a concentration of clients among college age students, and young adults. I specialize in eating disorders, and related issues. I also have a strong background in the performing arts, and see a significant number of creative clients. For twelve years I worked in a college counseling center. This has afforded me the opportunity to work with students who struggle with the concerns of people in their late teens, early twenties: depression; anxiety; ADD; OCD; substance abuse (as well as the more common issues surrounding living away from home, roommates, academic rigor, awaking sexual identity, etc.)
(617) 300-0563 View (617) 300-0563

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Kevin S. Reddall, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Newton, MA
Kevin S. Reddall, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
I earned a post-graduate certificate in Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions from Boston University.
I have 16 years of working as a psychotherapist, during which time I have treated individuals, couples, and families. I developed a significant interest in working with couples over the past decade since starting my private practice, whereas prior to doing so I primarily saw individuals in outpatient clinics. I specialize in alleviating depression, anxiety, trauma, mood regulation, and communication difficulties using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical-behavioral therapy (DBT), mindfulness, motivational interviewing, and narrative therapy with a psychodynamic base.
I earned a post-graduate certificate in Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions from Boston University.
I have 16 years of working as a psychotherapist, during which time I have treated individuals, couples, and families. I developed a significant interest in working with couples over the past decade since starting my private practice, whereas prior to doing so I primarily saw individuals in outpatient clinics. I specialize in alleviating depression, anxiety, trauma, mood regulation, and communication difficulties using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical-behavioral therapy (DBT), mindfulness, motivational interviewing, and narrative therapy with a psychodynamic base.
(781) 996-0736 View (781) 996-0736
Photo of Paul Ezzy, Counselor in West Newton, MA
Paul Ezzy
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Natick, MA 01760  (Online Only)
My most frequently used techniques are based on Cognitive Behavioral therapy, Emotion-Focused therapy, and insight-oriented "talk therapy.
Hi there. I don't know what brings you here, but I can listen to your story and do my best to help you through it. Maybe something happened recently and you're just trying to get back to normal, or maybe you've had a mental illness your whole life...either way, if you're looking for someone who will listen, provide support, and help guide you towards insight and acceptance, we may be a good fit. I work well with people who are motivated to try new things and keep an open mind, who are willing to speak about themselves and their experiences honestly.
My most frequently used techniques are based on Cognitive Behavioral therapy, Emotion-Focused therapy, and insight-oriented "talk therapy.
Hi there. I don't know what brings you here, but I can listen to your story and do my best to help you through it. Maybe something happened recently and you're just trying to get back to normal, or maybe you've had a mental illness your whole life...either way, if you're looking for someone who will listen, provide support, and help guide you towards insight and acceptance, we may be a good fit. I work well with people who are motivated to try new things and keep an open mind, who are willing to speak about themselves and their experiences honestly.
(351) 300-6663 View (351) 300-6663
Photo of Carolee Rada, Psychologist in West Newton, MA
Carolee Rada
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
I am committed to helping my clients explore, process, and resolve painful experiences, thoughts, emotions, and patterns that interfere in their quality of life. I have advanced training in various psychotherapy approaches, including psychoanalytic treatment, interpersonal therapy (ITP), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and relational treatment. I also have specialized experience in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). Therapy should be authentic and personalized to meet the person wherever they may be.
I am committed to helping my clients explore, process, and resolve painful experiences, thoughts, emotions, and patterns that interfere in their quality of life. I have advanced training in various psychotherapy approaches, including psychoanalytic treatment, interpersonal therapy (ITP), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and relational treatment. I also have specialized experience in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR). Therapy should be authentic and personalized to meet the person wherever they may be.
(857) 227-9049 View (857) 227-9049
Photo of Victoria Kando, Counselor in West Newton, MA
Victoria Kando
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Woburn, MA 01813
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a focus in Expressive Art Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The great thing about Expressive Therapy is that there is no one specific population because it is so versatile. It can be used with many different populations and in many different ways. Populations that I work with include a full range of clients from children and adolescents to young adults and families. Several areas of treatment I specialize in include Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, PTSD, ADHD, Grief and Loss and Adoption. I have a Certification in Trauma and Trauma Informed Care.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a focus in Expressive Art Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The great thing about Expressive Therapy is that there is no one specific population because it is so versatile. It can be used with many different populations and in many different ways. Populations that I work with include a full range of clients from children and adolescents to young adults and families. Several areas of treatment I specialize in include Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, PTSD, ADHD, Grief and Loss and Adoption. I have a Certification in Trauma and Trauma Informed Care.
(781) 281-8547 View (781) 281-8547
Photo of Archer Angels Family Services, LLC, Counselor in West Newton, MA
Archer Angels Family Services, LLC
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199
Modalities used to stimulate positive change and reduce symptoms include solution-focused, strength-based, cognitive behavioral therapy, and DBT.
We strive to motivate participants to overcome life’s challenges. Feeling stressed, frustrated or overwhelmed? Is COVID-19 related changes impacting your life in anyway? Whether some of these apply to you or a loved one, WE CAN HELP! This practice encourages positive lifestyle changes. Therapeutic interventions may assist you cope, adjust and make progress. We pride ourselves on our honest commitment to support our clients reach their goals at any age.
Modalities used to stimulate positive change and reduce symptoms include solution-focused, strength-based, cognitive behavioral therapy, and DBT.
We strive to motivate participants to overcome life’s challenges. Feeling stressed, frustrated or overwhelmed? Is COVID-19 related changes impacting your life in anyway? Whether some of these apply to you or a loved one, WE CAN HELP! This practice encourages positive lifestyle changes. Therapeutic interventions may assist you cope, adjust and make progress. We pride ourselves on our honest commitment to support our clients reach their goals at any age.
(857) 424-3154 View (857) 424-3154
Photo of Courtney Fischer, Counselor in West Newton, MA
Courtney Fischer
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Burlington, MA 01803  (Online Only)
My main hope for therapy is to support humans who are 16 years and older as they navigate the complex world of human emotion, mental health, and relationships. A good life can be hard, complicated, and challenging while a difficult life can still be rewarding, fulfilling, and well-lived. I seek to join with those who are struggling with that complexity to help them achieve the goals they have for themselves, to help them cope with inherent disappointments, losses, and stressors, and feel the joy of personal growth.. I tend to integrate a mix of Solution-Focused, CBT, Narrative, Trauma-Informed Care, and Strengths-Based strategies.
My main hope for therapy is to support humans who are 16 years and older as they navigate the complex world of human emotion, mental health, and relationships. A good life can be hard, complicated, and challenging while a difficult life can still be rewarding, fulfilling, and well-lived. I seek to join with those who are struggling with that complexity to help them achieve the goals they have for themselves, to help them cope with inherent disappointments, losses, and stressors, and feel the joy of personal growth.. I tend to integrate a mix of Solution-Focused, CBT, Narrative, Trauma-Informed Care, and Strengths-Based strategies.
(339) 217-9963 View (339) 217-9963
Photo of Lauren S. Berly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Newton, MA
Lauren S. Berly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
I work in an interactive manner including a cognitive (look at your thinking), behavioral (look at your actions) and emotional (look at your feelings)focus.
I believe that a person's ability to change or grow or adapt to difficult situations is present inside them. Depression, anxiety and poor coping strategies can get in the way. My job as your therapist is to help you build your self esteem and belief in yourself and increase your sense of optimism and control over your life. With new insights, your ability to take action will increase.
I work in an interactive manner including a cognitive (look at your thinking), behavioral (look at your actions) and emotional (look at your feelings)focus.
I believe that a person's ability to change or grow or adapt to difficult situations is present inside them. Depression, anxiety and poor coping strategies can get in the way. My job as your therapist is to help you build your self esteem and belief in yourself and increase your sense of optimism and control over your life. With new insights, your ability to take action will increase.
(617) 652-0962 View (617) 652-0962
Photo of Jane Scherban, Counselor in West Newton, MA
Jane Scherban
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02215
I have been in practice in the Boston area for over 30 years. My approach is interactive, collaborative, and respectful. I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral and Psychodynamic approaches to therapy.I see clients for both short-term and long-term psychotherapy dependent on their needs/preference. In addition to individual therapy I also work with couples.
I have been in practice in the Boston area for over 30 years. My approach is interactive, collaborative, and respectful. I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral and Psychodynamic approaches to therapy.I see clients for both short-term and long-term psychotherapy dependent on their needs/preference. In addition to individual therapy I also work with couples.
(617) 505-1870 View (617) 505-1870
Photo of Taylor French, Pre-Licensed Professional in West Newton, MA
Taylor French
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Together, we can unravel the threads of anxiety and depression, weaving new patterns of thought and behavior using evidence-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) techniques.
Do you find yourself caught in the relentless grip of anxiety, your mind racing with worry even in moments of quiet? Or perhaps depression has cast a shadow over the activities that once brought you joy? For parents and guardians, are you witnessing your child or adolescent grappling with their emotions, struggling to communicate their inner world? Are you deeply concerned about your child or adolescent, wishing for them to navigate life's challenges with confidence and resilience? These emotions you're experiencing are valid, and they're the starting point of a transformative journey that I am here to embark on with you.
Together, we can unravel the threads of anxiety and depression, weaving new patterns of thought and behavior using evidence-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) techniques.
Do you find yourself caught in the relentless grip of anxiety, your mind racing with worry even in moments of quiet? Or perhaps depression has cast a shadow over the activities that once brought you joy? For parents and guardians, are you witnessing your child or adolescent grappling with their emotions, struggling to communicate their inner world? Are you deeply concerned about your child or adolescent, wishing for them to navigate life's challenges with confidence and resilience? These emotions you're experiencing are valid, and they're the starting point of a transformative journey that I am here to embark on with you.
(201) 614-4988 View (201) 614-4988
Photo of Shana Rackmill @ Better Hope & Healing, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Newton, MA
Shana Rackmill @ Better Hope & Healing, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Melrose, MA 02176
My goal is to join in your journey of healing & growth to rejuvenate your mind, body, spirit, and soul. I provide a space to let go of the pain; while holding the hope that you are not yet able to see. I use a holistic approach to wellness by detoxing your life. We will identify methods to cope with feelings of depression and ruminating thoughts as you also learn new habits to empower your transition to creating a life of peace and harmony. I am trained in: Trauma-Focused CBT, DBT, Suicide Prevention, Rape Crisis, Brainspotting, Mindfulness, Sound Healing, Bilateral Stimulation (EMDR & ART), Somatic Experiencing, among others.
My goal is to join in your journey of healing & growth to rejuvenate your mind, body, spirit, and soul. I provide a space to let go of the pain; while holding the hope that you are not yet able to see. I use a holistic approach to wellness by detoxing your life. We will identify methods to cope with feelings of depression and ruminating thoughts as you also learn new habits to empower your transition to creating a life of peace and harmony. I am trained in: Trauma-Focused CBT, DBT, Suicide Prevention, Rape Crisis, Brainspotting, Mindfulness, Sound Healing, Bilateral Stimulation (EMDR & ART), Somatic Experiencing, among others.
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Photo of John Monroe Cuetara, Psychologist in West Newton, MA
John Monroe Cuetara
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
I offer mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy, am trained in hypnosis and work with couples and families.
I work well with people experiencing anxiety, stress and depression as well as issues around sexuality, relationships, physical disabilities and pain management. I also specialize in helping artists, writers and musicians with their unique challenges.
I offer mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy, am trained in hypnosis and work with couples and families.
I work well with people experiencing anxiety, stress and depression as well as issues around sexuality, relationships, physical disabilities and pain management. I also specialize in helping artists, writers and musicians with their unique challenges.
(339) 330-3537 View (339) 330-3537
Photo of Dr. Sheri Shahriar in West Newton, MA
Dr. Sheri Shahriar
MA, PsyaD
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
I use Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Free Association, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, and Client-Center Therapy.
Oftentimes we face challenges that block us from leading a satisfying life or even reach our greatest potential. These roadblocks can be difficult to understand and even harder to work through them ourselves. My passion is to provide individuals with a compassionate emotional space where feelings, thoughts and ideas can be safely expressed, giving way to a deeper understanding and clarity of the self.
I use Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Free Association, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, and Client-Center Therapy.
Oftentimes we face challenges that block us from leading a satisfying life or even reach our greatest potential. These roadblocks can be difficult to understand and even harder to work through them ourselves. My passion is to provide individuals with a compassionate emotional space where feelings, thoughts and ideas can be safely expressed, giving way to a deeper understanding and clarity of the self.
(781) 517-9691 View (781) 517-9691
Photo of Serenity Psychotherapy LLC, Counselor in West Newton, MA
Serenity Psychotherapy LLC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing interventions to help my clients explore their next steps and make positive changes in their lives.
Congratulations on taking this first step in reaching out for help! I have 10 years of clinical experience working in the mental health field. I am excited about helping executives and professionals navigate stressful life transitions, address interpersonal conflict, and cope with professional burnout. I empower my clients to seek meaning and fulfillment. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing interventions to help my clients explore their next steps and make positive changes in their lives. I provide my clients with empathy, validation, and unconditional positive regard.
I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing interventions to help my clients explore their next steps and make positive changes in their lives.
Congratulations on taking this first step in reaching out for help! I have 10 years of clinical experience working in the mental health field. I am excited about helping executives and professionals navigate stressful life transitions, address interpersonal conflict, and cope with professional burnout. I empower my clients to seek meaning and fulfillment. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing interventions to help my clients explore their next steps and make positive changes in their lives. I provide my clients with empathy, validation, and unconditional positive regard.
(508) 978-4253 View (508) 978-4253
Photo of Sumio Shinohara, Psychologist in West Newton, MA
Sumio Shinohara
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Shinohara's primary therapeutic approach is eclectic, including person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, and psychodynamic approaches, and values each client's experience of feeling deeply and empathetically understood.
Dr. Sumio Shinohara is a Licensed Psychologist in the state of Massachusetts who has more than 15 years of experience working with adults, adolescents, and couples seeking help with depression, anxiety, life transitions, men’s issues, trauma/PTSD, mood disorders, grief and loss, and relationship issues. Dr. Shinohara received a master of science in counseling psychology from Abilene Christian University in TX, and completed his doctor of psychology in clinical psychology at William James College in MA. He also received his psychoanalytic training at the Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis.
Shinohara's primary therapeutic approach is eclectic, including person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, and psychodynamic approaches, and values each client's experience of feeling deeply and empathetically understood.
Dr. Sumio Shinohara is a Licensed Psychologist in the state of Massachusetts who has more than 15 years of experience working with adults, adolescents, and couples seeking help with depression, anxiety, life transitions, men’s issues, trauma/PTSD, mood disorders, grief and loss, and relationship issues. Dr. Shinohara received a master of science in counseling psychology from Abilene Christian University in TX, and completed his doctor of psychology in clinical psychology at William James College in MA. He also received his psychoanalytic training at the Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis.
(617) 207-6865 View (617) 207-6865
Photo of Natosha K. Monroe, Licensed Professional Counselor in West Newton, MA
Natosha K. Monroe
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
This can be a challenging time and space to be living in. There is so much more you can control in your life experience than what society leads you to believe. I'd be honored to offer you a place of support, a genuinely connected relationship, and my expertise (in nerdy stuff like neuroscience and the cognitive process) to help defeat whatever is standing between you & the life you deserve. My goal is to bring hope and solution to negative things my clients are experiencing through their own personal empowerment.
This can be a challenging time and space to be living in. There is so much more you can control in your life experience than what society leads you to believe. I'd be honored to offer you a place of support, a genuinely connected relationship, and my expertise (in nerdy stuff like neuroscience and the cognitive process) to help defeat whatever is standing between you & the life you deserve. My goal is to bring hope and solution to negative things my clients are experiencing through their own personal empowerment.
(817) 678-7585 View (817) 678-7585
Photo of Bella Park, Pre-Licensed Professional in West Newton, MA
Bella Park
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Are you weighed down by the relentless grip of anxiety, its persistent presence making every day feel like an uphill battle? Does the heavy cloud of depression obscure your ability to find joy and purpose in life? Are your relationships a source of frustration or despair, rather than the support and connection you desire? I understand the profound emotions that often accompany these struggles, and I'm here to help. As a therapist specializing in anxiety, depression, and relationships, I want to be a guide by offering evidence-based interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and mindfulness skills.
Are you weighed down by the relentless grip of anxiety, its persistent presence making every day feel like an uphill battle? Does the heavy cloud of depression obscure your ability to find joy and purpose in life? Are your relationships a source of frustration or despair, rather than the support and connection you desire? I understand the profound emotions that often accompany these struggles, and I'm here to help. As a therapist specializing in anxiety, depression, and relationships, I want to be a guide by offering evidence-based interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and mindfulness skills.
(862) 386-2766 View (862) 386-2766
Photo of Danielle Urciullo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in West Newton, MA
Danielle Urciullo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02101
I have taken training in CBT, DBT, trauma-informed, and mindful approaches to treatment.
Embrace your lived experiences is definitely my motto! I am also a strong advocate that there is enormous strength that emerges from having empowering relationships in your life. We can work to analyze, navigate, and find these relationships. This will allow you to live a life with increased connection and vibrance. I approach sessions from holistic, psychodynamic, and harm-reduction perspectives. I aim to be anti-racist, feminist, trans-accepting, sober questioning, and understanding of those who are voice hearers. In sum, all are welcome here!
I have taken training in CBT, DBT, trauma-informed, and mindful approaches to treatment.
Embrace your lived experiences is definitely my motto! I am also a strong advocate that there is enormous strength that emerges from having empowering relationships in your life. We can work to analyze, navigate, and find these relationships. This will allow you to live a life with increased connection and vibrance. I approach sessions from holistic, psychodynamic, and harm-reduction perspectives. I aim to be anti-racist, feminist, trans-accepting, sober questioning, and understanding of those who are voice hearers. In sum, all are welcome here!
(857) 997-9180 View (857) 997-9180

See more therapy options for West Newton

Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists

How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?

Cognitive behavioral therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophizing or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.

When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy?

It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioral therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.

How can I find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else?

To find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioral therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.

Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?

CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.