Therapists in Newton, MA

Photo of Brent Levinson, Psychologist in Newton, MA
Brent Levinson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02459  (Online Only)
I've been doing therapy over 30 years.I listen empathically to your feeling experience and help to put your understanding in perspective. I am an eclectic therapist, integrating some of the most powerful features of insight-oriented approaches, sometimes also using cognitive-behavioral strategies and methods from Gestalt work and psychodrama. I am an active therapist. I try to help the client who is anxious or depressed, or dealing with the effects of isolation in the COVID era, addiction, or with racism, sexism, or gender identification issues. It is a privilege to help clients in the collaborative healing process. Give me a call.
I've been doing therapy over 30 years.I listen empathically to your feeling experience and help to put your understanding in perspective. I am an eclectic therapist, integrating some of the most powerful features of insight-oriented approaches, sometimes also using cognitive-behavioral strategies and methods from Gestalt work and psychodrama. I am an active therapist. I try to help the client who is anxious or depressed, or dealing with the effects of isolation in the COVID era, addiction, or with racism, sexism, or gender identification issues. It is a privilege to help clients in the collaborative healing process. Give me a call.
(617) 964-7654 View (617) 964-7654
Photo of The Center for Pediatric Neurodiversity, Psychologist in Newton, MA
The Center for Pediatric Neurodiversity
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newton, MA 02459
I am a pediatric neuropsychologist with a specialty in Autism. I also have years of experience assessing other referrals including learning disabilities, ADHD, anxiety and mood. I believe every lagging skill also offers a strength. My assessment approach is wholistic: In addition to traditional neuropsychological evaluation conducted in my office, I gather perspectives from teachers, caregivers, and other key individuals in your child's life. I prefer, when possible, to observe each child in one other setting outside of my office, usually school. My turn-around time from intake to report is one month. Currently booking May '22
I am a pediatric neuropsychologist with a specialty in Autism. I also have years of experience assessing other referrals including learning disabilities, ADHD, anxiety and mood. I believe every lagging skill also offers a strength. My assessment approach is wholistic: In addition to traditional neuropsychological evaluation conducted in my office, I gather perspectives from teachers, caregivers, and other key individuals in your child's life. I prefer, when possible, to observe each child in one other setting outside of my office, usually school. My turn-around time from intake to report is one month. Currently booking May '22
(617) 380-4981 View (617) 380-4981
Photo of Carly Ruttner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Carly Ruttner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Newton, MA 02460
It can feel overwhelming to be proactive about making positive changes in our lives. Everyone has their own complicated life circumstances related to family, work, relationships, and mental and spiritual well being. Therapy can be an essential tool to work to un-complicate these circumstances and focus on making happiness and wellness a daily priority. When we feel overwhelmed with worry or that it's impossible to accomplish daily tasks we feel powerless. I have been in this field for over 10 years and can provide a supportive and empathic environment in which we can work together on specific goals and changes for your life.
It can feel overwhelming to be proactive about making positive changes in our lives. Everyone has their own complicated life circumstances related to family, work, relationships, and mental and spiritual well being. Therapy can be an essential tool to work to un-complicate these circumstances and focus on making happiness and wellness a daily priority. When we feel overwhelmed with worry or that it's impossible to accomplish daily tasks we feel powerless. I have been in this field for over 10 years and can provide a supportive and empathic environment in which we can work together on specific goals and changes for your life.
(617) 544-3293 View (617) 544-3293
Photo of Elliot Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Elliot Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02458  (Online Only)
My practice is focused on helping clients identify and solve issues around depression, anxiety, anger and stress. I help clients achieve improved relationships, better work/life balance and with navigating transitions during career change and retirement. Whether you're struggling in your personal or professional life, or want a more fulfilling integration of the two, I can help you better understand what stands between you and the life you aspire to live. Together, we will identify new ways of approaching problems and develop coping skills that lead to greater happiness, connection and success as you define it.
My practice is focused on helping clients identify and solve issues around depression, anxiety, anger and stress. I help clients achieve improved relationships, better work/life balance and with navigating transitions during career change and retirement. Whether you're struggling in your personal or professional life, or want a more fulfilling integration of the two, I can help you better understand what stands between you and the life you aspire to live. Together, we will identify new ways of approaching problems and develop coping skills that lead to greater happiness, connection and success as you define it.
(857) 240-0994 View (857) 240-0994
Photo of Amanda L Rauf, Psychologist in Newton, MA
Amanda L Rauf
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02459
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and Clinical Instructor at Harvard Medical School specializing in child and family therapy. I have several years of clinical experience working with children and families from culturally-diverse backgrounds in a variety of settings such as hospitals, schools, and within the community. Among my areas of expertise are early childhood and behavioral difficulties, parent training, anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma and Autism Spectrum Disorders. I also specialize in both Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Play Therapy.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and Clinical Instructor at Harvard Medical School specializing in child and family therapy. I have several years of clinical experience working with children and families from culturally-diverse backgrounds in a variety of settings such as hospitals, schools, and within the community. Among my areas of expertise are early childhood and behavioral difficulties, parent training, anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma and Autism Spectrum Disorders. I also specialize in both Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Play Therapy.
(857) 763-4120 View (857) 763-4120
Photo of Dr. Jeanne Choe-Arrieta, Psychologist in Newton, MA
Dr. Jeanne Choe-Arrieta
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02459
I have over 10 years of therapy experience helping clients with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, conflicts around cultural identity, life transitions, and academic and career struggles. I work pragmatically and collaboratively with clients while providing a warm, welcoming, culturally-sensitive, and interactive psychotherapy space. In a collaborative manner, we explore patterns of thinking, feeling, relating, and behavior that contribute to unfulfilling relationships and struggles at home, school, or work. We work together toward making emotional and behavioral shifts that lead to increased purpose and fulfillment.
I have over 10 years of therapy experience helping clients with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, conflicts around cultural identity, life transitions, and academic and career struggles. I work pragmatically and collaboratively with clients while providing a warm, welcoming, culturally-sensitive, and interactive psychotherapy space. In a collaborative manner, we explore patterns of thinking, feeling, relating, and behavior that contribute to unfulfilling relationships and struggles at home, school, or work. We work together toward making emotional and behavioral shifts that lead to increased purpose and fulfillment.
(617) 944-2485 View (617) 944-2485
Photo of Susan Taterka, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Susan Taterka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02458
Waitlist for new clients
I work with people struggling with stress or loss. I offer understanding and compassion. I help my clients recognize and understand their feelings, improve their coping and communication skills, increase their emotional intelligence, clarify their goals, implement their plans, raise their self-esteem, and heal. I work with adults of all ages and cultural backgrounds- single, married, widowed, divorced/separated, caregivers, single parents, parents struggling with their children's difficulties, and adult children of elderly parents who are declining.
I work with people struggling with stress or loss. I offer understanding and compassion. I help my clients recognize and understand their feelings, improve their coping and communication skills, increase their emotional intelligence, clarify their goals, implement their plans, raise their self-esteem, and heal. I work with adults of all ages and cultural backgrounds- single, married, widowed, divorced/separated, caregivers, single parents, parents struggling with their children's difficulties, and adult children of elderly parents who are declining.
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Photo of Julie Gardner Mandel, Psychologist in Newton, MA
Julie Gardner Mandel
Psychologist, PhD, PC
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02461
People tend to suffer alone in silence with Depression, Anxiety, Relationship Distress, Eating Disorders and Grief over loss for far too long. I am an Associate Clinical Psychologist - Massachusetts General Hospital & Clinical Instructor - Harvard Medical School. I have over 30 years of experience doing individual, couples and group psychotherapy. More important than my extensive experience working with adults and adolescents is my approach to treatment. I am a warm, engaging, interactive therapist. In order to alleviate pain associated with depression and anxiety my patients and I go on a journey to discover the roots of problems.
People tend to suffer alone in silence with Depression, Anxiety, Relationship Distress, Eating Disorders and Grief over loss for far too long. I am an Associate Clinical Psychologist - Massachusetts General Hospital & Clinical Instructor - Harvard Medical School. I have over 30 years of experience doing individual, couples and group psychotherapy. More important than my extensive experience working with adults and adolescents is my approach to treatment. I am a warm, engaging, interactive therapist. In order to alleviate pain associated with depression and anxiety my patients and I go on a journey to discover the roots of problems.
(339) 293-0044 View (339) 293-0044
Photo of Margalit Eren-Rabinovich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Margalit Eren-Rabinovich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02459
For over 40 years I have been helping people with their life challenges, their relationships, and their aspirations. My clients say that I am supportive, knowledgeable, and wise. I see therapy as a safe place to think aloud, to get support, to get feedback, and to learn how to change yourself and your situation. I enjoy my work. I enjoy joining my clients in their effort to better their life, and helping them to discover their strengths and overcome obstacles. To learn more about me and my professional experience, and areas of expertise, please go to my website at: www.margliter.com.
For over 40 years I have been helping people with their life challenges, their relationships, and their aspirations. My clients say that I am supportive, knowledgeable, and wise. I see therapy as a safe place to think aloud, to get support, to get feedback, and to learn how to change yourself and your situation. I enjoy my work. I enjoy joining my clients in their effort to better their life, and helping them to discover their strengths and overcome obstacles. To learn more about me and my professional experience, and areas of expertise, please go to my website at: www.margliter.com.
(857) 239-0129 View (857) 239-0129
Photo of David Eckelkamp, Counselor in Newton, MA
David Eckelkamp
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Newton, MA 02461
I listen with with empathy and reflect back my authentic response. I work best with people who are open to expanding their blind areas and their potential for growth in a supportive manner. Learning about the 'plumbing' of the nervous system can be helpful or finding a metaphor for change or discussing the latest science in psychology. I feel comfortable and confident with a wide range of issues and concerns. Over the years I have developed strong Cognitive Behavioral Therapy techniques for adults and complimentary expressive arts therapy techniques for youth.
I listen with with empathy and reflect back my authentic response. I work best with people who are open to expanding their blind areas and their potential for growth in a supportive manner. Learning about the 'plumbing' of the nervous system can be helpful or finding a metaphor for change or discussing the latest science in psychology. I feel comfortable and confident with a wide range of issues and concerns. Over the years I have developed strong Cognitive Behavioral Therapy techniques for adults and complimentary expressive arts therapy techniques for youth.
(781) 819-5748 View (781) 819-5748
Photo of The Wholehearted Therapist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
The Wholehearted Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02467  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Michelle and I am glad you are here. I help conscientious women ages 20-45, who struggle with self esteem and confusion achieve clarity and confidence. Are you a young woman feeling confused and inadequate for the current life situations you face? Are you a mother and doubt your parenting? Are you a highly sensitive person and second guess yourself all the time, feeling like you are not as good as others think you are? Do you frequently compare yourself to others and feel you don’t measure up? Have you doubted your ability to skillfully navigate the relationships that matter most in your life?
Hi, I’m Michelle and I am glad you are here. I help conscientious women ages 20-45, who struggle with self esteem and confusion achieve clarity and confidence. Are you a young woman feeling confused and inadequate for the current life situations you face? Are you a mother and doubt your parenting? Are you a highly sensitive person and second guess yourself all the time, feeling like you are not as good as others think you are? Do you frequently compare yourself to others and feel you don’t measure up? Have you doubted your ability to skillfully navigate the relationships that matter most in your life?
(508) 388-1307 View (508) 388-1307
Photo of Maria Bisbas, Counselor in Newton, MA
Maria Bisbas
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02458
Making the decision to begin psychotherapy and finding the right therapist is not easy. Moreover, trusting your instinct and taking that first step takes a lot of courage
Making the decision to begin psychotherapy and finding the right therapist is not easy. Moreover, trusting your instinct and taking that first step takes a lot of courage
(617) 340-8720 View (617) 340-8720
Photo of Joel M Eichler, Psychologist in Newton, MA
Joel M Eichler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02467
I work with clients about their relationship issues. Sometimes this involves problems with partners, parents, siblings, or children and sometimes this is about the relationship a person has with him/her self. The lack of meaningful/successful relationships is often a factor in people seeking therapy. The ensuing symptoms may be in the form of anxiety or depression. I like to meet with the people involved in the relationship problems, although the therapy often starts with a series of solo appointment. I view initial meetings as a consultation to check out the goodness of fit between a person's needs and my professional skills.
I work with clients about their relationship issues. Sometimes this involves problems with partners, parents, siblings, or children and sometimes this is about the relationship a person has with him/her self. The lack of meaningful/successful relationships is often a factor in people seeking therapy. The ensuing symptoms may be in the form of anxiety or depression. I like to meet with the people involved in the relationship problems, although the therapy often starts with a series of solo appointment. I view initial meetings as a consultation to check out the goodness of fit between a person's needs and my professional skills.
(617) 600-6490 View (617) 600-6490
Photo of Sarah Loper, Counselor in Newton, MA
Sarah Loper
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02460
When life presents challenges that are too difficult to manage on one's own, it's helpful to collaborate with a psychotherapist to create change that is both tangible and meaningful. Over the course of more than 20 years of practice, I've had the privilege of working with individuals, groups, families and couples from a wide array of backgrounds. I embrace the importance and uniqueness of diverse cultural backgrounds that influence one's life. My approach is best described as: interactive, compassionate, humorous, nonjudgmental and respectful.
When life presents challenges that are too difficult to manage on one's own, it's helpful to collaborate with a psychotherapist to create change that is both tangible and meaningful. Over the course of more than 20 years of practice, I've had the privilege of working with individuals, groups, families and couples from a wide array of backgrounds. I embrace the importance and uniqueness of diverse cultural backgrounds that influence one's life. My approach is best described as: interactive, compassionate, humorous, nonjudgmental and respectful.
(617) 925-6627 View (617) 925-6627
Photo of Alla Smirnova, Psychologist in Newton, MA
Alla Smirnova
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02458
I am a clinical psychologist who has practiced for over 30 years in the Boston area. I work with individual adults and older adolescents helping them improve relationships and manage their lives more comfortably. My goal is to provide a safe environment for conversations where my clients can freely express their thoughts and feelings and gain a better perspective on themselves - that alone can be healing.
I am a clinical psychologist who has practiced for over 30 years in the Boston area. I work with individual adults and older adolescents helping them improve relationships and manage their lives more comfortably. My goal is to provide a safe environment for conversations where my clients can freely express their thoughts and feelings and gain a better perspective on themselves - that alone can be healing.
(617) 208-4012 View (617) 208-4012
Photo of Jordanne Howell-Walton, Pre-Licensed Professional in Newton, MA
Jordanne Howell-Walton
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, CMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Newton, MA 02464
Waitlist for new clients
Asking for help can be daunting, even looking for help can show that you are ready for change. As a therapist I believe that a healthy therapeutic relationship is one of the biggest tools when searching for change. So let's do the heavy lifting together by using a client-centered approach and creating a safe space for you to be authentically yourself. Life has a series of changes that we don't often get a crash course in, let's make sure you are well supported during that change.
Asking for help can be daunting, even looking for help can show that you are ready for change. As a therapist I believe that a healthy therapeutic relationship is one of the biggest tools when searching for change. So let's do the heavy lifting together by using a client-centered approach and creating a safe space for you to be authentically yourself. Life has a series of changes that we don't often get a crash course in, let's make sure you are well supported during that change.
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Photo of Sherry Paden, PsyD, Psychologist in Newton, MA
Sherry Paden, PsyD
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newton, MA 02458
I am a Licensed Psychologist, a Clinical Instructor at Harvard Medical School, and an Attending Psychologist at Boston Children's Hospital. I have extensive experience in working with adolescent and young adults utilizing Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) treatment interventions in both out-patient and in-patient psychiatric settings. I specialize in understanding healthy childhood development, integrating treatment into family relationships, as well as behavioral and mood disturbances.
I am a Licensed Psychologist, a Clinical Instructor at Harvard Medical School, and an Attending Psychologist at Boston Children's Hospital. I have extensive experience in working with adolescent and young adults utilizing Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) treatment interventions in both out-patient and in-patient psychiatric settings. I specialize in understanding healthy childhood development, integrating treatment into family relationships, as well as behavioral and mood disturbances.
(617) 870-0353 View (617) 870-0353
Photo of Lisa Newfield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Lisa Newfield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Newton, MA 02459
Not accepting new clients
As a psychotherapist, I listen carefully and work collaboratively with each client in forming a safe and accepting relationship. This relationship provides the basis for exploration, problem solving, healing and growth. I have an interactive style which incorporates warmth, humor, authenticity and direct feedback as I help my clients work through areas in which they feel stuck, unhappy or overwhelmed. These areas may include marital and other relationship difficulties, anxiety around life transitions, concerns about parenting or caring for aging parents, coping with illness, and dealing with breakups along with many others.
As a psychotherapist, I listen carefully and work collaboratively with each client in forming a safe and accepting relationship. This relationship provides the basis for exploration, problem solving, healing and growth. I have an interactive style which incorporates warmth, humor, authenticity and direct feedback as I help my clients work through areas in which they feel stuck, unhappy or overwhelmed. These areas may include marital and other relationship difficulties, anxiety around life transitions, concerns about parenting or caring for aging parents, coping with illness, and dealing with breakups along with many others.
(339) 217-5788 View (339) 217-5788
Photo of Larissa Kuechen, Psychologist in Newton, MA
Larissa Kuechen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02465
Are you looking for a compassionate and experienced child psychologist who can help your child overcome their challenges and thrive? If your child is struggling, you may feel overwhelmed and frustrated by the lack of effective solutions. You are not alone. Many parents face the same difficulties and worries as you do. With the right support and guidance, your child can learn to cope with their symptoms, develop new skills, and improve their quality of life.
Are you looking for a compassionate and experienced child psychologist who can help your child overcome their challenges and thrive? If your child is struggling, you may feel overwhelmed and frustrated by the lack of effective solutions. You are not alone. Many parents face the same difficulties and worries as you do. With the right support and guidance, your child can learn to cope with their symptoms, develop new skills, and improve their quality of life.
(617) 915-4096 View (617) 915-4096
Photo of Michal Shapiro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Michal Shapiro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02458
I am a bilingual clinical social worker/therapist. My passion for working with children and adolescents stems from my years of experience with students in the Newton and Boston school systems. My understanding of the importance for social work has empowered me to continue advocating for and working with marginalized communities, diverse populations, and individuals with learning challenges. My goal as a Multi-Modality Treatment (MMT) clinician is to holistically address the wide range of contributing factors involved in my client’s treatment, including their home, school, and community relationships.
I am a bilingual clinical social worker/therapist. My passion for working with children and adolescents stems from my years of experience with students in the Newton and Boston school systems. My understanding of the importance for social work has empowered me to continue advocating for and working with marginalized communities, diverse populations, and individuals with learning challenges. My goal as a Multi-Modality Treatment (MMT) clinician is to holistically address the wide range of contributing factors involved in my client’s treatment, including their home, school, and community relationships.
(617) 841-2931 View (617) 841-2931

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Newton, MA

700+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Newton, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress
59% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
42% Optum
41% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Newton, MA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Newton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.