Therapists in Pleasant Hill, CA

Photo of Mark Koch, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Mark Koch
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523  (Online Only)
You may have often heard some people say that therapy is for only those with a mental illness or are "crazy". I'm Mark G. Koch and have been a licensed Marriage Family Therapist since 1996, and I can honestly tell you that those type of statements are a myth. Everyone has a view of how the world works and we use the tools we have to deal with our issues, but occasionally there comes a time when a problem arises that we have no answer to. At this point we become "stuck".
You may have often heard some people say that therapy is for only those with a mental illness or are "crazy". I'm Mark G. Koch and have been a licensed Marriage Family Therapist since 1996, and I can honestly tell you that those type of statements are a myth. Everyone has a view of how the world works and we use the tools we have to deal with our issues, but occasionally there comes a time when a problem arises that we have no answer to. At this point we become "stuck".
(925) 406-3153 View (925) 406-3153
Photo of Benjamin Huffman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Benjamin Huffman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
As we move through life, the dynamics of our relationship with ourselves and the world are in a constant state of change. We often navigate this inconstant path alone but at times, especially when we feel lost in our purpose or unsure of who we are, we need help. As a licensed marriage and family therapist working in mental health for over 14 years, I'm here to help.
As we move through life, the dynamics of our relationship with ourselves and the world are in a constant state of change. We often navigate this inconstant path alone but at times, especially when we feel lost in our purpose or unsure of who we are, we need help. As a licensed marriage and family therapist working in mental health for over 14 years, I'm here to help.
(510) 457-1005 View (510) 457-1005
Photo of David S. Wu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
David S. Wu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Something has you feeing off... You are a hardworking adult who gives it your all.  You want to feel good, connected, and supported.  But instead, it never feels good enough!  You are exhausted & overwhelmed day & night.  You find yourself constantly running on empty or on edge.  Simple tasks like scheduling and eating feel like chores. You can’t even enjoy a night out if it happens at all.  You get along with others, and so many people and communities rely on you. And yet, you feel like you don’t belong, or those you love don’t really see you. Let’s not even start with our society and world.
Something has you feeing off... You are a hardworking adult who gives it your all.  You want to feel good, connected, and supported.  But instead, it never feels good enough!  You are exhausted & overwhelmed day & night.  You find yourself constantly running on empty or on edge.  Simple tasks like scheduling and eating feel like chores. You can’t even enjoy a night out if it happens at all.  You get along with others, and so many people and communities rely on you. And yet, you feel like you don’t belong, or those you love don’t really see you. Let’s not even start with our society and world.
(510) 901-3093 View (510) 901-3093
Photo of Michael J Rubino III, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Michael J Rubino III
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
I specialize in numerous issues but especially children and teens. I believe in working with my patients. When you come to my office you are trusting me with your life or your child's life. I want to work as a team and for you to ask questions as needed. Most people are coming to therapy for stressful reasons and I am ready to help I treat everyone I work with like a family member. But I am kind and get the job done because that is why you came to me. I look forward to working with you.
I specialize in numerous issues but especially children and teens. I believe in working with my patients. When you come to my office you are trusting me with your life or your child's life. I want to work as a team and for you to ask questions as needed. Most people are coming to therapy for stressful reasons and I am ready to help I treat everyone I work with like a family member. But I am kind and get the job done because that is why you came to me. I look forward to working with you.
(925) 267-6505 View (925) 267-6505
Photo of Kimberly Shaw, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Kimberly Shaw
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523  (Online Only)
We all want to be happy, but sometimes happiness is elusive. I've spent over 20 years working with adolescents, adults, seniors and families to improve mental health, build resilience, enhance relationships and move through life transitions. Whether you're a teen or young adult trying to understand the world and your place in it, an adult moving through the challenges of life, an elder facing major life changes, or a family seeking better communication and understanding of one another, I have the tools and experience to help you through.
We all want to be happy, but sometimes happiness is elusive. I've spent over 20 years working with adolescents, adults, seniors and families to improve mental health, build resilience, enhance relationships and move through life transitions. Whether you're a teen or young adult trying to understand the world and your place in it, an adult moving through the challenges of life, an elder facing major life changes, or a family seeking better communication and understanding of one another, I have the tools and experience to help you through.
(925) 940-3968 View (925) 940-3968
Photo of Dr. Jennifer Malabag-Evans, Psychologist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Dr. Jennifer Malabag-Evans
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Not accepting new clients
My focus is working with children, adolescents, families, and adults who are struggling with emotional and behavioral issues. Some examples include school challenges, behavioral problems, depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem, grief, and relationship issues. How I work, depends on the individual and situation. I believe everyone’s experience is unique and I work from a relational, culturally competent, warm, and nonjudgmental way. I have over 10 yrs of experience working with children, adolescents, families, and adults with trauma (including sexual and physical abuse), depression, anxiety, and academic and behavioral issues.
My focus is working with children, adolescents, families, and adults who are struggling with emotional and behavioral issues. Some examples include school challenges, behavioral problems, depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem, grief, and relationship issues. How I work, depends on the individual and situation. I believe everyone’s experience is unique and I work from a relational, culturally competent, warm, and nonjudgmental way. I have over 10 yrs of experience working with children, adolescents, families, and adults with trauma (including sexual and physical abuse), depression, anxiety, and academic and behavioral issues.
(925) 290-6395 View (925) 290-6395
Michael Anthony Macioci
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Thank you for stopping to read my Introductory Information. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist with more than a decade of experience, who believes in providing Integrative Care for those I treat within a diverse population. I utilize an array of treatment modalities that may be applied to your specific needs. My services are Client Centered, with a focus on developing specific treatment goals and objectives. Care is always personalized and culturally sensitive. Treatment modalities offered include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, Communications Therapy, Mindfulness, and DBT.
Thank you for stopping to read my Introductory Information. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist with more than a decade of experience, who believes in providing Integrative Care for those I treat within a diverse population. I utilize an array of treatment modalities that may be applied to your specific needs. My services are Client Centered, with a focus on developing specific treatment goals and objectives. Care is always personalized and culturally sensitive. Treatment modalities offered include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, Communications Therapy, Mindfulness, and DBT.
(925) 319-6864 View (925) 319-6864
Photo of Lais Shirgul, Psychologist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Lais Shirgul
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
Self-awareness, emotional insight, and acceptance of your strengths and areas in need of growth are essential to a healthy and happy life. As a licensed psychologist trained in psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral and dialectical behavioral therapies I create a supportive and trusting environment for those seeking to gain insight and develop coping strategies to foster positive changes at home, work and in social settings. I have treated individuals with Bipolar, depression, and anxiety, PTSD and specialize in children and adolescents and families dealing with ADHD, conduct disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and adjustment issues.
Self-awareness, emotional insight, and acceptance of your strengths and areas in need of growth are essential to a healthy and happy life. As a licensed psychologist trained in psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral and dialectical behavioral therapies I create a supportive and trusting environment for those seeking to gain insight and develop coping strategies to foster positive changes at home, work and in social settings. I have treated individuals with Bipolar, depression, and anxiety, PTSD and specialize in children and adolescents and families dealing with ADHD, conduct disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and adjustment issues.
(925) 400-6836 View (925) 400-6836
Photo of Laura Madsen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Laura Madsen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
In today's world, adolescents are exposed to some overwhelming internal and external battles, such as peer pressure, self-esteem and body image, stress from home and school, bullying, anxiety, and depression. I am passionate about coming alongside today's adolescents to create a safe, non-judgemental, understanding atmosphere, process their struggles and gain positive, healthy tools to use as they grow. In addition, I also have a heart for helping individuals examine their present life issues and deal effectively with the circumstances they are facing. Come visit us on Facebook under Hope Counseling Services
In today's world, adolescents are exposed to some overwhelming internal and external battles, such as peer pressure, self-esteem and body image, stress from home and school, bullying, anxiety, and depression. I am passionate about coming alongside today's adolescents to create a safe, non-judgemental, understanding atmosphere, process their struggles and gain positive, healthy tools to use as they grow. In addition, I also have a heart for helping individuals examine their present life issues and deal effectively with the circumstances they are facing. Come visit us on Facebook under Hope Counseling Services
(925) 261-7637 View (925) 261-7637
Photo of Emma C Melo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Emma C Melo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523  (Online Only)
I'm passionate about working with queer, neurodivergent folks who have experienced trauma. I also enjoy working with folks who identify as part of the “still COVIDing” community. I offer support around exploring gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, and coming out. I also enjoy supporting folks in developing secure attachment and healing past attachment wounds. A lot of the folks I work with are experiencing anxiety, depression, burnout, and stress. They are seeking a better understanding of themselves and some relief. I support them in bettering their relationships with themselves and others.
I'm passionate about working with queer, neurodivergent folks who have experienced trauma. I also enjoy working with folks who identify as part of the “still COVIDing” community. I offer support around exploring gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, and coming out. I also enjoy supporting folks in developing secure attachment and healing past attachment wounds. A lot of the folks I work with are experiencing anxiety, depression, burnout, and stress. They are seeking a better understanding of themselves and some relief. I support them in bettering their relationships with themselves and others.
(657) 214-4630 View (657) 214-4630
Photo of www.valeriejkeimtherapy.com, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
www.valeriejkeimtherapy.com
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523  (Online Only)
I help strong women who have lost their spark and high-conflict couples. Women, everyone believes you have it together, but inside you know differently. Stress hits at the worst moments. A rude comment from a co-worker or your partner shatters you. At home, your romance needs a tune-up. But you don’t have the energy to rock the boat. I help women just like you rediscover their strength and intuition and live bigger, more powerful lives!
I help strong women who have lost their spark and high-conflict couples. Women, everyone believes you have it together, but inside you know differently. Stress hits at the worst moments. A rude comment from a co-worker or your partner shatters you. At home, your romance needs a tune-up. But you don’t have the energy to rock the boat. I help women just like you rediscover their strength and intuition and live bigger, more powerful lives!
(925) 429-8023 View (925) 429-8023
Photo of Barb Peppin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Barb Peppin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523  (Online Only)
I am a licensed therapist and a Christian. I have a passion for helping people who are broken and hurting, but have a desire to heal , and through the process of therapy seeing them grow and change. I enjoy watching God move in their lives towards a healthier more productive and satisfying life.
I am a licensed therapist and a Christian. I have a passion for helping people who are broken and hurting, but have a desire to heal , and through the process of therapy seeing them grow and change. I enjoy watching God move in their lives towards a healthier more productive and satisfying life.
(925) 248-3883 View (925) 248-3883
Photo of Ashley Fiorilli in Pleasant Hill, CA
Ashley Fiorilli
PhD, RYT 500, CCTSI
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients Today - Hello there! I'm Dr. Ashley Fiorillli, passionate & dedicated Behavior Analyst. My mission is to empower individuals like yourself to unlock your true potential & lead fulfilling lives. I am committed to helping you create positive and meaningful change in your life. It is my passion to provide you with the tools and guidance necessary to uncover your strengths, tap into your inner resilience, and find harmony in all aspects of your life. Welcome to a world of transformation and self-discovery!
Accepting New Clients Today - Hello there! I'm Dr. Ashley Fiorillli, passionate & dedicated Behavior Analyst. My mission is to empower individuals like yourself to unlock your true potential & lead fulfilling lives. I am committed to helping you create positive and meaningful change in your life. It is my passion to provide you with the tools and guidance necessary to uncover your strengths, tap into your inner resilience, and find harmony in all aspects of your life. Welcome to a world of transformation and self-discovery!
(925) 393-0519 View (925) 393-0519
Photo of Yin Chun Siu, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Yin Chun Siu
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523  (Online Only)
Do you feel unheard, undervalued or stuck in life? When things are troubling you and you're feeling depressed and/or stressed, yet talking with friends or families only goes so far. In their desire to help, they shower you with advice, try to cheer you up and distract you. But when distraction is no longer an option, and you want or need to face what it is, that is troubling you. Then I am here for you. I am a bilingual (English/Cantonese) licensed Marriage Family Therapist. I have over 20 years of clinical experience in mental health including my current position at Berkeley Mental Health as a Senior Behavioral Health Clinician.
Do you feel unheard, undervalued or stuck in life? When things are troubling you and you're feeling depressed and/or stressed, yet talking with friends or families only goes so far. In their desire to help, they shower you with advice, try to cheer you up and distract you. But when distraction is no longer an option, and you want or need to face what it is, that is troubling you. Then I am here for you. I am a bilingual (English/Cantonese) licensed Marriage Family Therapist. I have over 20 years of clinical experience in mental health including my current position at Berkeley Mental Health as a Senior Behavioral Health Clinician.
(925) 722-6734 View (925) 722-6734
Photo of Anna Maria LeVeaux, Psychologist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Anna Maria LeVeaux
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
I am Dr. Anna Maria, a Licensed Clinical Psychologist! I utilize various therapies that adhere to and remain attentive to the uniqueness of each individual I serve! Most importantly, I am a resilient, responsible, and empathetic, Professional! Living is hard, and challenges are numerous. Some questions beg to be answered. I will help you answer those questions!
I am Dr. Anna Maria, a Licensed Clinical Psychologist! I utilize various therapies that adhere to and remain attentive to the uniqueness of each individual I serve! Most importantly, I am a resilient, responsible, and empathetic, Professional! Living is hard, and challenges are numerous. Some questions beg to be answered. I will help you answer those questions!
(925) 397-1087 View (925) 397-1087
Photo of Genevieve Ann Green, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Genevieve Ann Green
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
My work includes working with individuals coping with depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma, and chronic and severe mental illness. I have experience working with all age ranges and ethnicities. I welcome clients of all gender identities and sexual orientations. I have fifteen years plus experience of working within the field of psychology in a variety of settings including drug and alcohol therapy, psychiatric crisis stabilization, forensics, and individual and group therapies. I am certified through Harvard University for Trauma.
My work includes working with individuals coping with depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma, and chronic and severe mental illness. I have experience working with all age ranges and ethnicities. I welcome clients of all gender identities and sexual orientations. I have fifteen years plus experience of working within the field of psychology in a variety of settings including drug and alcohol therapy, psychiatric crisis stabilization, forensics, and individual and group therapies. I am certified through Harvard University for Trauma.
(925) 293-7542 View (925) 293-7542
Photo of Draven Garrett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Draven Garrett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
I work with a myriad of life/relationship stressors and am a sex therapist. I have received post-licensure education through CIIS (California Institute of Integral Studies). I find that therapy is most beneficial when it is a conversation between you and I; not you feeling like you're talking to a brick wall. Occasional use of humor and/or swearing is welcomed as it can lower stress when stuck in fear, anger, or judgement. I believe an uncensored, authentic, and safe atmosphere leads to an honest and deep therapeutic relationship. For me, "sex positivity" means supporting beneficial, consensual relationships and activities.
I work with a myriad of life/relationship stressors and am a sex therapist. I have received post-licensure education through CIIS (California Institute of Integral Studies). I find that therapy is most beneficial when it is a conversation between you and I; not you feeling like you're talking to a brick wall. Occasional use of humor and/or swearing is welcomed as it can lower stress when stuck in fear, anger, or judgement. I believe an uncensored, authentic, and safe atmosphere leads to an honest and deep therapeutic relationship. For me, "sex positivity" means supporting beneficial, consensual relationships and activities.
(925) 523-7375 View (925) 523-7375
Photo of Kavian Massoud Ravandoust, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Kavian Massoud Ravandoust
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
I believe that challenges, emotional pain and even struggling in the face of lifes' obstacles is the norm and not the exception, and that everyone would benefit from professional, individualized emotional support. If you are facing life transitions, such as starting a family, moving or immigration, or dealing with other challenges such as anxiety, depression, anger issues or conflict with others, I can help provide support and facilitate growth and adjustment to whatever life throws at you. I have experience working with adolescents and preteens as well as with adults and families.
I believe that challenges, emotional pain and even struggling in the face of lifes' obstacles is the norm and not the exception, and that everyone would benefit from professional, individualized emotional support. If you are facing life transitions, such as starting a family, moving or immigration, or dealing with other challenges such as anxiety, depression, anger issues or conflict with others, I can help provide support and facilitate growth and adjustment to whatever life throws at you. I have experience working with adolescents and preteens as well as with adults and families.
(925) 204-3948 View (925) 204-3948
Photo of Jessica Michaelson, Psychologist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Jessica Michaelson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523  (Online Only)
I specialize in helping high-achieving people who excel in all areas of life but struggle with anxiety, depression, confidence issues, or difficulty in relationships. I work with individuals and couples to transform old patterns and create a life full of joy and meaning.
I specialize in helping high-achieving people who excel in all areas of life but struggle with anxiety, depression, confidence issues, or difficulty in relationships. I work with individuals and couples to transform old patterns and create a life full of joy and meaning.
(415) 521-1835 View (415) 521-1835
Photo of Cathy Bennett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pleasant Hill, CA
Cathy Bennett
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523
I have been in private practice for over 30 years. My work is client-focused, compassionate, and impactful. I work with individuals, couples, adolescents, and children. I offer both in-person and telehealth sessions. My sessions are fee-for-service only. I accept cash, personal checks, and credit card billing at the time of service. I will provide a financial statement, or complete an insurance claim form so that my clients can seek reimbursement from health care spending accounts, or their insurance policy directly.
I have been in private practice for over 30 years. My work is client-focused, compassionate, and impactful. I work with individuals, couples, adolescents, and children. I offer both in-person and telehealth sessions. My sessions are fee-for-service only. I accept cash, personal checks, and credit card billing at the time of service. I will provide a financial statement, or complete an insurance claim form so that my clients can seek reimbursement from health care spending accounts, or their insurance policy directly.
(925) 798-9443 View (925) 798-9443

See more therapy options for Pleasant Hill

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pleasant Hill, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Pleasant Hill, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
66% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

52% Cigna and Evernorth
51% Aetna
46% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pleasant Hill, CA see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pleasant Hill?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.