Photo of Carol Floch McColl, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75093, TX
Carol Floch McColl
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
I also counsel women of all ages, addressing: identity; self-esteem; depression; anxiety; abuse recovery; codependency; spiritual crisis; grief; life transitions; divorce recovery; parenting children and young adults; single parenting.
My passion is to give my clients hope; there is light at the end of the tunnel, but we cannot always find our way alone. My personal journey enhances my clinical training, enabling me to come alongside my clients in a supportive relationship of trust, empathy, and compassion to collaboratively navigate the difficult twists and turns of life. I seek to honor the unique design and potential of each individual as I help them explore their personal story, discover new ways to live effectively in the present, and embrace the possibilities of the future. My mini-goldendoodle, Barney, provides emotional support to my clients.
I also counsel women of all ages, addressing: identity; self-esteem; depression; anxiety; abuse recovery; codependency; spiritual crisis; grief; life transitions; divorce recovery; parenting children and young adults; single parenting.
My passion is to give my clients hope; there is light at the end of the tunnel, but we cannot always find our way alone. My personal journey enhances my clinical training, enabling me to come alongside my clients in a supportive relationship of trust, empathy, and compassion to collaboratively navigate the difficult twists and turns of life. I seek to honor the unique design and potential of each individual as I help them explore their personal story, discover new ways to live effectively in the present, and embrace the possibilities of the future. My mini-goldendoodle, Barney, provides emotional support to my clients.
(972) 360-9539 View (972) 360-9539
Photo of Dallas Counseling and Treatment Center, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75093, TX
Dallas Counseling and Treatment Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75093  (Online Only)
I am trained to treat adults, teens, and children as young as 3 years old. I specialize in sexual, emotional, and psychological trauma, PTSD, family violence survivors, anxiety, depression, life transitions, codependency, and self-esteem. In my work with teens and children, I specialize in addressing behavioral issues, improving parenting skills and parent-child relationships, ADHD, family conflict, self-harm, self-esteem, and coping skills.
I am trained to treat adults, teens, and children as young as 3 years old. I specialize in sexual, emotional, and psychological trauma, PTSD, family violence survivors, anxiety, depression, life transitions, codependency, and self-esteem. In my work with teens and children, I specialize in addressing behavioral issues, improving parenting skills and parent-child relationships, ADHD, family conflict, self-harm, self-esteem, and coping skills.
(512) 768-2731 View (512) 768-2731
Photo of Renee' Austin Trauma Therapy North Dallas PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75093, TX
Renee' Austin Trauma Therapy North Dallas PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S, EMDR
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75093
I specialize in PTSD, dissociative disorders (testing and treatment), FND conversion/functional neurological disorders, women's issues, domestic violence, traumatic break-ups, cult defection, narcissistic abuse, and codependency.
Trauma is often weaved in and through the fabric of our lives. Many think of trauma as one large scale traumatic event. However, complex trauma is not always a single event. It could be a failed attachment to our care takers, experiencing abuse/neglect, multiple losses, shattered relationships, or the inability to protect ourselves emotionally with healthy boundaries. The most disturbing part of a trauma is not only the event itself, but how we perceived the event, and the internalized negative core beliefs about ourselves that developed.
I specialize in PTSD, dissociative disorders (testing and treatment), FND conversion/functional neurological disorders, women's issues, domestic violence, traumatic break-ups, cult defection, narcissistic abuse, and codependency.
Trauma is often weaved in and through the fabric of our lives. Many think of trauma as one large scale traumatic event. However, complex trauma is not always a single event. It could be a failed attachment to our care takers, experiencing abuse/neglect, multiple losses, shattered relationships, or the inability to protect ourselves emotionally with healthy boundaries. The most disturbing part of a trauma is not only the event itself, but how we perceived the event, and the internalized negative core beliefs about ourselves that developed.
(972) 318-2943 View (972) 318-2943
Photo of Lauren Gastorf, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75093, TX
Lauren Gastorf
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
Some of the presenting issues I treat include anxiety, codependency, nervous system dysregulation, and issues related to abuse, communication, and body image.
Whether you're seeking to know yourself on a deeper level, healing from trauma, or experiencing a difficult transition, counseling is an incredible source of support. I believe in a collaborative, compassionate, holistic approach to help you feel your best and live your best life.
Some of the presenting issues I treat include anxiety, codependency, nervous system dysregulation, and issues related to abuse, communication, and body image.
Whether you're seeking to know yourself on a deeper level, healing from trauma, or experiencing a difficult transition, counseling is an incredible source of support. I believe in a collaborative, compassionate, holistic approach to help you feel your best and live your best life.
(972) 347-0782 View (972) 347-0782
Photo of Sarah Fong Underbrink, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 75093, TX
Sarah Fong Underbrink
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75093
I'm a Licensed Minister, Supervisor, and Clinical Director specialized in Trauma, Addiction, and Codependency.
Sometimes as we go through difficult seasons personally or in our relationships in life, dark thoughts can begin to arise: “How did I get here?”, “I don’t know how much longer I can do this.”, “What’s the point in trying anymore”, and it goes on. Being lost in these questions and the darkness can be so consuming that we reach a point to where we don’t even recognize the person in the mirror anymore. I am here to tell you, you don’t have to fight that agonizing fight alone. I want to turn this dark season of life to illumination of purpose, uncovering truth and strength.
I'm a Licensed Minister, Supervisor, and Clinical Director specialized in Trauma, Addiction, and Codependency.
Sometimes as we go through difficult seasons personally or in our relationships in life, dark thoughts can begin to arise: “How did I get here?”, “I don’t know how much longer I can do this.”, “What’s the point in trying anymore”, and it goes on. Being lost in these questions and the darkness can be so consuming that we reach a point to where we don’t even recognize the person in the mirror anymore. I am here to tell you, you don’t have to fight that agonizing fight alone. I want to turn this dark season of life to illumination of purpose, uncovering truth and strength.
(214) 516-7738 View (214) 516-7738
Photo of Jackie Welchman, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75093, TX
Jackie Welchman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
If you struggle with co-dependence, addictive behaviors, or anxiety disorders, I can help you. Maybe you have low-self esteem, or have a hard time setting boundaries? Maybe your dependence on food, alcohol, or work is no longer providing the escape it once did, and is causing trouble in relationships? Maybe you feel as if you're on autopilot and not really living but just existing, and crave true connection. Perhaps, you have high levels of stress and find it difficult to relax. Maybe you have unresolved childhood trauma, and you are ready to talk to someone about it? I am dedicated to my work, and I want to help you.
If you struggle with co-dependence, addictive behaviors, or anxiety disorders, I can help you. Maybe you have low-self esteem, or have a hard time setting boundaries? Maybe your dependence on food, alcohol, or work is no longer providing the escape it once did, and is causing trouble in relationships? Maybe you feel as if you're on autopilot and not really living but just existing, and crave true connection. Perhaps, you have high levels of stress and find it difficult to relax. Maybe you have unresolved childhood trauma, and you are ready to talk to someone about it? I am dedicated to my work, and I want to help you.
(469) 820-3159 View (469) 820-3159
Photo of Cindy G Jackson, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75093, TX
Cindy G Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75093
I work with adults 21 years of age and up on a variety of psychological issues. My goal is to partner with my clients in their process of healing, growth and change. I believe in treating the whole person, addressing the emotional, physical and spiritual aspects of each person. My therapy approach is cognitive-behavioral, systematic, and insight oriented.
I work with adults 21 years of age and up on a variety of psychological issues. My goal is to partner with my clients in their process of healing, growth and change. I believe in treating the whole person, addressing the emotional, physical and spiritual aspects of each person. My therapy approach is cognitive-behavioral, systematic, and insight oriented.
(972) 588-4911 View (972) 588-4911
Photo of Dr. R. Scott Gornto, Marriage & Family Therapist in 75093, TX
Dr. R. Scott Gornto
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MDiv, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75093
Dr. R. Scott Gornto, PHD, MDIV, LMFT, CST is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Certified Sex Therapist who works with Individuals, Couples, Families, Groups, Businesses and Leaders. Dr. Gornto has developed the innovative Auxano Approach®, which emphasizes connection and growth in all types of relationships. These two fundamental concepts are the catalyst for long-term change, giving life to the best version of you in your relationships, your marriage, and your mindset. Practicing in North Texas since 1999, Dr. Gornto works with clients from Dallas and the surrounding areas.
Dr. R. Scott Gornto, PHD, MDIV, LMFT, CST is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Certified Sex Therapist who works with Individuals, Couples, Families, Groups, Businesses and Leaders. Dr. Gornto has developed the innovative Auxano Approach®, which emphasizes connection and growth in all types of relationships. These two fundamental concepts are the catalyst for long-term change, giving life to the best version of you in your relationships, your marriage, and your mindset. Practicing in North Texas since 1999, Dr. Gornto works with clients from Dallas and the surrounding areas.
(972) 301-2544 View (972) 301-2544
Photo of Riley Nyberg, LPC Intern in 75093, TX
Riley Nyberg
LPC Intern, LPC-A, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
Riley Nyberg is a Licensed Professional Counselor-Associate in the state of Texas and is under the supervision of Megan Krizan, M.Ed., LPC-S, RPT-S at Nova Cesta Counseling. She graduated with a M.S. in Counseling from Southern Methodist University in 2022.
Riley Nyberg is a Licensed Professional Counselor-Associate in the state of Texas and is under the supervision of Megan Krizan, M.Ed., LPC-S, RPT-S at Nova Cesta Counseling. She graduated with a M.S. in Counseling from Southern Methodist University in 2022.
(469) 564-4641 View (469) 564-4641
Photo of Celia Pirouznia, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75093, TX
Celia Pirouznia
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
Waitlist for new clients
Have you ever wondered why you do the things you do? Do you often feel like your problems set you apart from everyone, or that the loneliness & isolation of suffering is too much? Do you wish you had a trusted ally to partner with, someone who could both support & challenge you? If so, you have come to the right place, & I am so glad you are here. My name is Celia, and I am extremely passionate about helping others, & I pride myself on the quality of the therapeutic connection that I build with my clients. I work with adolescents & adults, ages 14 and up, on a variety of issues, & I specialize in treating trauma & attachment issues
Have you ever wondered why you do the things you do? Do you often feel like your problems set you apart from everyone, or that the loneliness & isolation of suffering is too much? Do you wish you had a trusted ally to partner with, someone who could both support & challenge you? If so, you have come to the right place, & I am so glad you are here. My name is Celia, and I am extremely passionate about helping others, & I pride myself on the quality of the therapeutic connection that I build with my clients. I work with adolescents & adults, ages 14 and up, on a variety of issues, & I specialize in treating trauma & attachment issues
(469) 751-4810 View (469) 751-4810
Photo of Ken McGill, Marriage & Family Therapist in 75093, TX
Ken McGill
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT, CSAT
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75093
Dr. Ken McGill has been counseling for 25 years. Dr. McGill has a BA in Religion, and his Masters in Clinical Psychology from Antioch University, Los Angeles. Dr. McGill has his Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Azusa Pacific University, and is a Licensed MFT in Texas and California. Dr. McGill holds a certification in Alcohol and Drug Studies from UCLA, and is a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist. Dr. McGill directed a residential treatment program for people challenged with sexual compulsivity, relationship addiction and sexual trauma. Dr. McGill also respectfully supports the integration of spirituality into the clinical treatment process.
Dr. Ken McGill has been counseling for 25 years. Dr. McGill has a BA in Religion, and his Masters in Clinical Psychology from Antioch University, Los Angeles. Dr. McGill has his Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Azusa Pacific University, and is a Licensed MFT in Texas and California. Dr. McGill holds a certification in Alcohol and Drug Studies from UCLA, and is a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist. Dr. McGill directed a residential treatment program for people challenged with sexual compulsivity, relationship addiction and sexual trauma. Dr. McGill also respectfully supports the integration of spirituality into the clinical treatment process.
(972) 290-1067 View (972) 290-1067
Photo of Elizabeth Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 75093, TX
Elizabeth Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCDC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75093
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor. I help adults, adolescents and their families restore balance to their lives. My experience includes 17 years in private practice and over 20 years in the addiction field, including; substances, food, sex & religion. As an alternative option to traditional counseling, I offer an Intensive Program. Intensives are highly individualized and designed to assist clients in reaching their goals quicker. Clients who want to fast track their results or deep dive into an area of concern should consider doing and Intensive.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor. I help adults, adolescents and their families restore balance to their lives. My experience includes 17 years in private practice and over 20 years in the addiction field, including; substances, food, sex & religion. As an alternative option to traditional counseling, I offer an Intensive Program. Intensives are highly individualized and designed to assist clients in reaching their goals quicker. Clients who want to fast track their results or deep dive into an area of concern should consider doing and Intensive.
(469) 361-7235 View (469) 361-7235
Photo of Eryn E Hicker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 75093, TX
Eryn E Hicker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, MBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093  (Online Only)
I am EMDR certified. We've all experienced ups and downs, of life, as the ocean we navigate through ebbs and flows. We may be in the same ocean of chaos around us, but out boats are all crafted differently. Some surf through waves in their expensive, privileged Yachts, and some of us are barely keeping afloat in our tattered paddle boats. No matter your type of boat, we all get tossed into the water from time to time. Don't let the waves flood you. Learn to keep your head above the waves, and eventually build up ability to surf over those rough waves with confidence.
I am EMDR certified. We've all experienced ups and downs, of life, as the ocean we navigate through ebbs and flows. We may be in the same ocean of chaos around us, but out boats are all crafted differently. Some surf through waves in their expensive, privileged Yachts, and some of us are barely keeping afloat in our tattered paddle boats. No matter your type of boat, we all get tossed into the water from time to time. Don't let the waves flood you. Learn to keep your head above the waves, and eventually build up ability to surf over those rough waves with confidence.
(214) 380-1431 View (214) 380-1431
Photo of Anna Pavlisova, Pre-Licensed Professional in 75093, TX
Anna Pavlisova
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
Life and families can get a bit messy. Navigating the path of family life is undoubtedly one of the most challenging yet rewarding journeys. Hi! I am Anna Pavlisova, and I am a graduate student intern completing my practicum at Abilene Christian University to satisfy the requirement to obtain my master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. As I start my journey as a marriage and family therapy graduate student intern under the supervision of Dr. Kristina Dingus Keuhlen, Ph.D., LMFT-S (202859), I strive to foster a safe and non-judgmental space, tailoring my client-focused approach to meet each client unique needs.
Life and families can get a bit messy. Navigating the path of family life is undoubtedly one of the most challenging yet rewarding journeys. Hi! I am Anna Pavlisova, and I am a graduate student intern completing my practicum at Abilene Christian University to satisfy the requirement to obtain my master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. As I start my journey as a marriage and family therapy graduate student intern under the supervision of Dr. Kristina Dingus Keuhlen, Ph.D., LMFT-S (202859), I strive to foster a safe and non-judgmental space, tailoring my client-focused approach to meet each client unique needs.
(972) 779-9685 View (972) 779-9685
Photo of Virginia Secrest, Psychologist in 75093, TX
Virginia Secrest
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75093
I have worked in the field of psychology throughout my entire career. Beginning in graduate school, I was able to gain experience working in a private psychiatric hospital and later worked on various research projects focusing on marriage, self-management, television impact on children, and others. Upon graduating, I took a position of Visiting Assistant Professor of Psychology at SMU then later transitioned to private practice. I have had my practice of psychology for more than 30 years.
I have worked in the field of psychology throughout my entire career. Beginning in graduate school, I was able to gain experience working in a private psychiatric hospital and later worked on various research projects focusing on marriage, self-management, television impact on children, and others. Upon graduating, I took a position of Visiting Assistant Professor of Psychology at SMU then later transitioned to private practice. I have had my practice of psychology for more than 30 years.
(469) 812-0896 View (469) 812-0896
Photo of Elizabeth Ledford, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75093, TX
Elizabeth Ledford
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
My experience has prepared me to work with body image issues, crises, self-harm, suicide ideation, depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, interpersonal issues, grief, coping skills, religious trauma, disordered eating, and LGBTQIA+ matters. I specifically have a heart for clients who are navigating and processing their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. I also love supporting individuals who are working through religious trauma or concerns. I have deep understanding and empathy for how difficult it can be to navigate personal growth through the lens of changing or leaving behind belief systems, cultures, and communities.
My experience has prepared me to work with body image issues, crises, self-harm, suicide ideation, depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, interpersonal issues, grief, coping skills, religious trauma, disordered eating, and LGBTQIA+ matters. I specifically have a heart for clients who are navigating and processing their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. I also love supporting individuals who are working through religious trauma or concerns. I have deep understanding and empathy for how difficult it can be to navigate personal growth through the lens of changing or leaving behind belief systems, cultures, and communities.
(713) 804-2843 View (713) 804-2843
Photo of Bianca Javery, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in 75093, TX
Bianca Javery
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
Our past experiences often influence how we interact with our partners today. I work with couples to address ruptures from the past that were never fully repaired. I strive to create a safe space where curiousity, empathy, and genuine connection are at the forefront of therapy. We will take the time we need to build a sturdy foundation that sets the stage to communicate effectively and authentically. I see it as my role to acknowledge the complexities of your relationship while providing support as you heal and build a stronger bond for the future.
Our past experiences often influence how we interact with our partners today. I work with couples to address ruptures from the past that were never fully repaired. I strive to create a safe space where curiousity, empathy, and genuine connection are at the forefront of therapy. We will take the time we need to build a sturdy foundation that sets the stage to communicate effectively and authentically. I see it as my role to acknowledge the complexities of your relationship while providing support as you heal and build a stronger bond for the future.
(972) 645-2411 View (972) 645-2411
Photo of Sydney F, Licensed Professional Counselor in 75093, TX
Sydney F
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC-I
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75093
I will meet you where you are at. I will never pressure you to talk about something you are not comfortable with talking about. Building rapport takes times and I am willing to work through that until my clients feel safe and trust me. My ideal client is one who wants to work on herself/himself and put in that work. I am willing to work on any issues that arise, and if I do not feel like I am the best option for you, then I will let you know. I am extremely transparent and will be honest with my clients if I think they would benefit more from a different type of therapy. Reach out and see if we are a good fit!
I will meet you where you are at. I will never pressure you to talk about something you are not comfortable with talking about. Building rapport takes times and I am willing to work through that until my clients feel safe and trust me. My ideal client is one who wants to work on herself/himself and put in that work. I am willing to work on any issues that arise, and if I do not feel like I am the best option for you, then I will let you know. I am extremely transparent and will be honest with my clients if I think they would benefit more from a different type of therapy. Reach out and see if we are a good fit!
(469) 778-3419 View (469) 778-3419
Photo of Christy Doering, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 75093, TX
Christy Doering
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
Waitlist for new clients
If you are suffering from trauma, grief, depression or mood and anxiety issues, you CAN feel better. You’re making a brave decision to seek help. I am honored to work every day with people who are making progress because of therapy. My 12 years of experience have equipped me with multiple tools to guide the process. I’m EMDRIA-certified in EMDR, and specially trained by Postpartum Support International in Maternal Mental Health. And I have extensive experience with Motherless Daughters and Survivors of Suicide.
If you are suffering from trauma, grief, depression or mood and anxiety issues, you CAN feel better. You’re making a brave decision to seek help. I am honored to work every day with people who are making progress because of therapy. My 12 years of experience have equipped me with multiple tools to guide the process. I’m EMDRIA-certified in EMDR, and specially trained by Postpartum Support International in Maternal Mental Health. And I have extensive experience with Motherless Daughters and Survivors of Suicide.
(972) 992-7937 View (972) 992-7937
Photo of Lindsay Malhotra, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 75093, TX
Lindsay Malhotra
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCDC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75093
I am now open for sessions, offering both virtual and in-person options to suit your needs and comfort. Understanding the importance of accessible mental health and wellness support, I'm thrilled to introduce a sliding scale payment option. This means you can receive the care you need at a rate that respects your financial situation. Whether you're seeking guidance, looking for a space to express yourself, or embarking on a journey of personal growth, I'm here to support you with empathy and expertise. My approach is tailored to your unique story, ensuring a safe and nurturing environment for your journey.
I am now open for sessions, offering both virtual and in-person options to suit your needs and comfort. Understanding the importance of accessible mental health and wellness support, I'm thrilled to introduce a sliding scale payment option. This means you can receive the care you need at a rate that respects your financial situation. Whether you're seeking guidance, looking for a space to express yourself, or embarking on a journey of personal growth, I'm here to support you with empathy and expertise. My approach is tailored to your unique story, ensuring a safe and nurturing environment for your journey.
(469) 272-8229 View (469) 272-8229
Codependency Therapists

What therapy types help with codependency problems?

Both couples and family therapy and cognitive and behavioral therapy (CBT) can help with the relationship difficulties referred to as codependency. Such problems typically include inappropriate feelings of responsibility for a loved one’s destructive behavior, irrational patterns of thinking about such behavior, and family interaction patterns in which the needs of one troubled member override the needs of others in a household.

What happens in therapy for codependency?

Spouses and family members learn and practice how to interact and support each other in a healthy way without sacrificing their own needs or well-being. They learn the limits of their responsibility for their loved ones and correct faulty patterns of thinking and feeling that underlie codependent behavior. Individuals may be encouraged to nurture an array of social relationships and to cultivate their own talents and interests so that they develop a healthy sense of self outside the family.

How does therapy help a person or couple overcome codependency?

Therapy helps people establish healthy ways of being in a relationship. Spouses and family members learn how to nurture and support one another without sacrificing their own needs or allowing the needs of one person to dominate the dynamic. Individuals learn how to say no and set boundaries, and how to maintain their own identity and self-esteem. Therapy helps people understand that they are not responsible for the feelings and actions of others. It also helps individuals deal with the turbulence that can come from living with a person suffering from such conditions as substance abuse and mental illness.

What is the goal of therapy for codependency?

One goal of therapy for codependency is to alleviate feelings of responsibility for and correct irrational patterns of thinking about loved ones whose behavioral problems override the needs of others in a household. Therapy helps people establish healthy boundaries of behavior and speak up for their own needs in a relationship. In addition, people learn how to maintain a healthy relationship, one in which both parties give and receive equally and are able to retain their own identity.