Therapists in Arlington, TX

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Photo of Shelly Ramsey-Powers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, TX
Shelly Ramsey-Powers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76017
Hello! My name is Shelly Ramsey-Powers and I have been working with adults, adolescents, families and organizations in the Arlington area for twenty years, with a mission to help individuals and families reach their goals for optimal psychological health, improved functioning and (less painful) effective responses to challenges. I welcome trauma/abuse survivors, folks struggling with depression/ mood disorders, those struggling with drugs or alcohol, hurting families, and anyone willing to change behavior(s) but in need of a clear path forward. Positive change is possible. Let's start today!
Hello! My name is Shelly Ramsey-Powers and I have been working with adults, adolescents, families and organizations in the Arlington area for twenty years, with a mission to help individuals and families reach their goals for optimal psychological health, improved functioning and (less painful) effective responses to challenges. I welcome trauma/abuse survivors, folks struggling with depression/ mood disorders, those struggling with drugs or alcohol, hurting families, and anyone willing to change behavior(s) but in need of a clear path forward. Positive change is possible. Let's start today!
(817) 891-3408 View (817) 891-3408
Photo of Ryan Kent Lloyd, Marriage & Family Therapist in Arlington, TX
Ryan Kent Lloyd
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD ABD, LMFT-S, LCDC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Arlington, TX 76017
Waitlist for new clients
Howdy! My name is Ryan Lloyd and I am a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist Supervisor, AAMFT Supervisor Candidate, & Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor working in North Texas. One of the mantras I live by is "we can't do better if we don't know better." I say this as I involve psychoeducation into my work with clients and view therapy as a learning experience. I value honesty in the therapeutic relationship and don't shy away from challenging clients to foster growth within themselves and their relationships. It's important to me to collaborate with my clients and I welcome you to explore growth, learning, and healing with me.
Howdy! My name is Ryan Lloyd and I am a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist Supervisor, AAMFT Supervisor Candidate, & Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor working in North Texas. One of the mantras I live by is "we can't do better if we don't know better." I say this as I involve psychoeducation into my work with clients and view therapy as a learning experience. I value honesty in the therapeutic relationship and don't shy away from challenging clients to foster growth within themselves and their relationships. It's important to me to collaborate with my clients and I welcome you to explore growth, learning, and healing with me.
(260) 376-0229 View (260) 376-0229
Photo of Dr. Shenan Spraberry, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, TX
Dr. Shenan Spraberry
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76006
On the outside everything looks great, but inside you feel like you are falling apart. Anxious, depressed, unhappy, and unsatisfied. You have been slowly isolating yourself and you can't stand it anymore. Easily irritated by things that you used to have patience for, fighting with the people you love constantly, and you aren't spending enough time taking care of yourself. Your relationships are suffering. Please don't wait until things get even worse. Like a car, a therapy "tune up" will get you back on track before the engine blows! If you are tired of how things are going and committed to improvement, it's time to call.
On the outside everything looks great, but inside you feel like you are falling apart. Anxious, depressed, unhappy, and unsatisfied. You have been slowly isolating yourself and you can't stand it anymore. Easily irritated by things that you used to have patience for, fighting with the people you love constantly, and you aren't spending enough time taking care of yourself. Your relationships are suffering. Please don't wait until things get even worse. Like a car, a therapy "tune up" will get you back on track before the engine blows! If you are tired of how things are going and committed to improvement, it's time to call.
(817) 502-9378 View (817) 502-9378
Photo of Nnenne Nwangwu, Pre-Licensed Professional in Arlington, TX
Nnenne Nwangwu
Pre-Licensed Professional, trainee
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76012
Not accepting new clients
I aim to serve marginalized youth and young adults (ages 8-30) struggling with anxiety & depression looking to commit themselves to a lifelong journey of healing. I subscribe to a universal truth we are all born absolutely whole. There is a falsehood introduced to us at an early age either from caregivers or manifestations of generational trauma embedded in our society; This falsehood may show up in various ways such as codependency, a scarcity mindset, or believing love is conditional. We then spend years building layers of identity around this falsehood about our self-worth & ability to be accepted and loved exactly as we are.
I aim to serve marginalized youth and young adults (ages 8-30) struggling with anxiety & depression looking to commit themselves to a lifelong journey of healing. I subscribe to a universal truth we are all born absolutely whole. There is a falsehood introduced to us at an early age either from caregivers or manifestations of generational trauma embedded in our society; This falsehood may show up in various ways such as codependency, a scarcity mindset, or believing love is conditional. We then spend years building layers of identity around this falsehood about our self-worth & ability to be accepted and loved exactly as we are.
(817) 646-4410 View (817) 646-4410
Photo of Mary Ann Markos-Jian, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, TX
Mary Ann Markos-Jian
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CSC
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76016  (Online Only)
Whether the clients are struggling with work, school, relationships, family or behavioral concerns, I am here to work with them. Clients who are dissatisfied with their lives, their past traumas, and/or their overall well being who are ready to set forth on a journey of self-exploration, self actualization, and self-improvement will be met with acceptance, value, and respect from me. You cannot change your future by remaining who you are. Clients who come to the realization that they deserve more than what they have been handed, and are ready to embrace the therapeutic process will gain self-awareness and self-fulfillment.
Whether the clients are struggling with work, school, relationships, family or behavioral concerns, I am here to work with them. Clients who are dissatisfied with their lives, their past traumas, and/or their overall well being who are ready to set forth on a journey of self-exploration, self actualization, and self-improvement will be met with acceptance, value, and respect from me. You cannot change your future by remaining who you are. Clients who come to the realization that they deserve more than what they have been handed, and are ready to embrace the therapeutic process will gain self-awareness and self-fulfillment.
(682) 243-3924 View (682) 243-3924
Photo of Lucero Aguilar, Master Social Worker in Arlington, TX
Lucero Aguilar
Master Social Worker, Lucero , Aguilar, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, TX 76013  (Online Only)
You made the 1st step on your healing journey. I am proud of you. Therapy has not always been a safe space for all people. I am here to help change that. If you have experienced oppression, felt excluded or need a space to express your genuine self, I will meet you where you are in your healing journey & walk with you as you grow & thrive in this process.
You made the 1st step on your healing journey. I am proud of you. Therapy has not always been a safe space for all people. I am here to help change that. If you have experienced oppression, felt excluded or need a space to express your genuine self, I will meet you where you are in your healing journey & walk with you as you grow & thrive in this process.
(254) 244-4052 View (254) 244-4052
Photo of LiveBeyond Counseling & Coaching LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Arlington, TX
LiveBeyond Counseling & Coaching LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A, LPC, LMFT, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76018
We specialize in helping Couples hanging on by a thread, Teens who are struggling in school and with peers, and Adults. We have availability now in Keller, Fort Worth, Alliance, Southlake, Arlington & via Online Counseling. We offer Christian Counseling as well as Intensive Couples Counseling. Call today to schedule. We can usually schedule within 1 week because we have 14 great therapists. Relationships are tough. Life is tough. We can help. We help Couples find hope, happiness and peace in their homes, Teens find their place and Adults to learn to conquer their anxiety, depression and past hurts. We can help you find JOY again.
We specialize in helping Couples hanging on by a thread, Teens who are struggling in school and with peers, and Adults. We have availability now in Keller, Fort Worth, Alliance, Southlake, Arlington & via Online Counseling. We offer Christian Counseling as well as Intensive Couples Counseling. Call today to schedule. We can usually schedule within 1 week because we have 14 great therapists. Relationships are tough. Life is tough. We can help. We help Couples find hope, happiness and peace in their homes, Teens find their place and Adults to learn to conquer their anxiety, depression and past hurts. We can help you find JOY again.
(817) 839-2716 View (817) 839-2716
Photo of Jan G Hesley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, TX
Jan G Hesley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76016  (Online Only)
After each session you will leave with HOPE and a PLAN. In my office we're casual; adults and teens call me Jan. We have a unique relationship based on confidentiality and trust. I only see people that I believe I can truly help. My practice is composed of female adolescents over 16 and women. You will leave each session with homework to keep your goals present daily. My specialities include: ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Elder Issues, Grief, Home & School Interventions, Panic Disorder, Phase of Life Issues, Relationship strategies, Skills Acquisition, Women's Issues and young women who are confused about their life's path.
After each session you will leave with HOPE and a PLAN. In my office we're casual; adults and teens call me Jan. We have a unique relationship based on confidentiality and trust. I only see people that I believe I can truly help. My practice is composed of female adolescents over 16 and women. You will leave each session with homework to keep your goals present daily. My specialities include: ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Elder Issues, Grief, Home & School Interventions, Panic Disorder, Phase of Life Issues, Relationship strategies, Skills Acquisition, Women's Issues and young women who are confused about their life's path.
(817) 779-7583 View (817) 779-7583
Photo of Juli Hartmann, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, TX
Juli Hartmann
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, TX 76017
Life can feel overwhelming. You may be looking for someone to talk to who can see you as a whole person, someone who can hear you and understand you and what you've been through, and then help you feel better. Maybe you could benefit from changing your thinking, being more aware of your values and what works best for you or addressing your past from a scientific point of view.
Life can feel overwhelming. You may be looking for someone to talk to who can see you as a whole person, someone who can hear you and understand you and what you've been through, and then help you feel better. Maybe you could benefit from changing your thinking, being more aware of your values and what works best for you or addressing your past from a scientific point of view.
(817) 592-9293 View (817) 592-9293
Michael Edwards
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAMFC, MACE, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, TX 76016  (Online Only)
Through the years I have been fortunate to be able to help many hurting people get "unstuck" and mover forward in life. People who are experiencing depression, anxiety, bi polar disorders, marital issues, losses, job stress, life stress and those who just feel life has to be better than it is. Life can be better. I have seen so many directly benefit from allowing me to help them and putting in the work it takes to get "unstuck". I would be honored to work with you to see if we can get those same results for you.
Through the years I have been fortunate to be able to help many hurting people get "unstuck" and mover forward in life. People who are experiencing depression, anxiety, bi polar disorders, marital issues, losses, job stress, life stress and those who just feel life has to be better than it is. Life can be better. I have seen so many directly benefit from allowing me to help them and putting in the work it takes to get "unstuck". I would be honored to work with you to see if we can get those same results for you.
(682) 243-5292 View (682) 243-5292
Photo of Samantha Sotello, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, TX
Samantha Sotello
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, TX 76016
My experience includes working closely with professionals, including law enforcement and CPS, to provide justice and healing to children and teens who have experienced abuse. I am truly passionate about counseling children, adolescents, and teenagers to help them find their voice and empower them to take charge of their own healing. Along with teens and children, I have extensive experience working with couples and families. I believe families and couples function as systems and can work through most issues by focusing on identifying destructive patterns, working on their communication and understanding towards each other.
My experience includes working closely with professionals, including law enforcement and CPS, to provide justice and healing to children and teens who have experienced abuse. I am truly passionate about counseling children, adolescents, and teenagers to help them find their voice and empower them to take charge of their own healing. Along with teens and children, I have extensive experience working with couples and families. I believe families and couples function as systems and can work through most issues by focusing on identifying destructive patterns, working on their communication and understanding towards each other.
(682) 327-0612 View (682) 327-0612
Photo of Kimberly Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, TX
Kimberly Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MHA, CCM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, TX 76015
Are you feeling anxious, depressed and/or stressed? Does it feel like you are not able to overcome past trauma? Everyone experiences difficult times at different points in life-some more problematic to navigate alone. It is okay to seek help to get through these hard times. The good news is that I am here to work collaboratively with you to develop a plan that will allow you to maneuver through these challenges.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed and/or stressed? Does it feel like you are not able to overcome past trauma? Everyone experiences difficult times at different points in life-some more problematic to navigate alone. It is okay to seek help to get through these hard times. The good news is that I am here to work collaboratively with you to develop a plan that will allow you to maneuver through these challenges.
(682) 255-1896 View (682) 255-1896
Photo of Melany Creasy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, TX
Melany Creasy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MRC, CRC, LPC
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76016
Is your mental health affecting your personal or professional life? Is your professional life causing issues in your personal life or vise versa? Are you wanting assistance or to gain empowerment in order to address all aspects of your life?
Is your mental health affecting your personal or professional life? Is your professional life causing issues in your personal life or vise versa? Are you wanting assistance or to gain empowerment in order to address all aspects of your life?
(817) 774-4404 View (817) 774-4404
Photo of Elise Fuller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, TX
Elise Fuller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76016  (Online Only)
I am accepting new clients via Telehealth. In-network with BCBS, UHC, Cigna, & Scott & White. Stressed? Stuck? Overwhelmed? So many of us just keep stuffing that stress down deep. We focus on the positive, we bite our lip, and we grin and bear it and it works! We do that again and again, until... it doesn't work anymore! In those moments, when you are stuck, see no solutions, or just feel too drained to do it alone, counseling can provide vital solutions and support! And, the good news is... you won't be alone! Register today and start your first session this week.
I am accepting new clients via Telehealth. In-network with BCBS, UHC, Cigna, & Scott & White. Stressed? Stuck? Overwhelmed? So many of us just keep stuffing that stress down deep. We focus on the positive, we bite our lip, and we grin and bear it and it works! We do that again and again, until... it doesn't work anymore! In those moments, when you are stuck, see no solutions, or just feel too drained to do it alone, counseling can provide vital solutions and support! And, the good news is... you won't be alone! Register today and start your first session this week.
(469) 844-2747 View (469) 844-2747
Photo of Marsha Edwards, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, TX
Marsha Edwards
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76006  (Online Only)
Most of my clients come to therapy because they are struggling with how they think and feel about themselves and their relationships. What most discover, is the importance of the relationship they have with Self. They come to accept that the most important relationship to cultivate and grow is the one with themselves. If this sounds familiar or makes some things in your living make sense, when you're ready, let's talk!
Most of my clients come to therapy because they are struggling with how they think and feel about themselves and their relationships. What most discover, is the importance of the relationship they have with Self. They come to accept that the most important relationship to cultivate and grow is the one with themselves. If this sounds familiar or makes some things in your living make sense, when you're ready, let's talk!
(214) 501-5378 View (214) 501-5378
Photo of Haley Stromberg, Marriage & Family Therapist in Arlington, TX
Haley Stromberg
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MMFT
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76011
Haley is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in marital and family relationship counseling and trauma therapy. Haley takes a holistic approach to mental health addressing the needs of the individual by considering the societal, relational, biological, spiritual, and emotional factors in a person's life. Haley approaches therapy with a collaborative stance, considering the client the expert on their life and situations and offers her expertise on relational dynamics, trauma and the brain, attachment wounds, and self-parenting to help her clients navigate their past hurts, current relationships, anxiety, and more.
Haley is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in marital and family relationship counseling and trauma therapy. Haley takes a holistic approach to mental health addressing the needs of the individual by considering the societal, relational, biological, spiritual, and emotional factors in a person's life. Haley approaches therapy with a collaborative stance, considering the client the expert on their life and situations and offers her expertise on relational dynamics, trauma and the brain, attachment wounds, and self-parenting to help her clients navigate their past hurts, current relationships, anxiety, and more.
(325) 378-0439 View (325) 378-0439
Photo of Jacqueline Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, TX
Jacqueline Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, TX 76001  (Online Only)
Do you ever feel anxious, overwhelmed, or depressed? Do you have low self esteem or have difficulty establishing and maintaining relationships? You feel lost and don't know where to start? Your future begins now. Empower yourself to overcome life's challenges, foster inner strength, and create a more harmonious, fulfilled life. Te sientes ansioso/a, deprimido/a? Tienes baja autoestima o tienes dificultad con tus relaciones? Te sientes perdido/a y no sabes por dónde empezar? Tu futuro comienza ahora! Empodérate para superar los desafíos de la vida fomentar la fuerza interior y crear una vida armoniosa y plena.
Do you ever feel anxious, overwhelmed, or depressed? Do you have low self esteem or have difficulty establishing and maintaining relationships? You feel lost and don't know where to start? Your future begins now. Empower yourself to overcome life's challenges, foster inner strength, and create a more harmonious, fulfilled life. Te sientes ansioso/a, deprimido/a? Tienes baja autoestima o tienes dificultad con tus relaciones? Te sientes perdido/a y no sabes por dónde empezar? Tu futuro comienza ahora! Empodérate para superar los desafíos de la vida fomentar la fuerza interior y crear una vida armoniosa y plena.
(682) 688-4583 View (682) 688-4583
Photo of Tammy Lynn Botello, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, TX
Tammy Lynn Botello
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76013
Hablo Espanol Y Ingles . I have experience with a variety of clients, including teenagers, children and couples. Tengo experience con consejeria de adultos, ninos y parejas.
Hablo Espanol Y Ingles . I have experience with a variety of clients, including teenagers, children and couples. Tengo experience con consejeria de adultos, ninos y parejas.
(817) 873-3462 View (817) 873-3462
Photo of Nishani K Grigsby, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, TX
Nishani K Grigsby
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76013
I am excited about the opportunity to serve adults, adolescents and children who have a variety of challenges. I look forward to serving people who are hard of hearing. Parents with children who have IEP's, as well their children. I want to partner with widows and people who have had conflict in the workplace.
I am excited about the opportunity to serve adults, adolescents and children who have a variety of challenges. I look forward to serving people who are hard of hearing. Parents with children who have IEP's, as well their children. I want to partner with widows and people who have had conflict in the workplace.
(817) 518-4174 View (817) 518-4174
Photo of Center for Psychological Services, PLLC, Psychologist in Arlington, TX
Center for Psychological Services, PLLC
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Arlington, TX 76017
CFPS offers psychological (Autism, ADHD, mood disorders), neuropsychological, pre-surgical, and psycho-educational testing; counseling services; as well as professional consultation to individuals, families, school districts, and other mental health and medical professionals. Please browse through our website - www.cfpsonline.com - to become familiar with the services we provide and the staff members who provide those services.
CFPS offers psychological (Autism, ADHD, mood disorders), neuropsychological, pre-surgical, and psycho-educational testing; counseling services; as well as professional consultation to individuals, families, school districts, and other mental health and medical professionals. Please browse through our website - www.cfpsonline.com - to become familiar with the services we provide and the staff members who provide those services.
(817) 381-1564 View (817) 381-1564

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Arlington, TX

600+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Arlington, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Self Esteem
77% Coping Skills
73% Relationship Issues
68% Stress
64% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
83% Cigna and Evernorth
82% Aetna

How Therapists in Arlington, TX see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Arlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.