Therapists in Goldsboro, NC

Photo of Rose Stevenson, Counselor in Goldsboro, NC
Rose Stevenson
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27530
I have a love for people and as long as I can remember, I walked in the role as a counselor before I realized it was a profession. My greatest passion is helping others in any capacity. I was a School teacher for over 20 years teaching grades 6-9. As a teacher, I wore many hats which included being a counselor for my students as well as the entire school. I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in North Carolina. I attended Liberty University where I received my Masters’ Degree in Professional Counseling.
I have a love for people and as long as I can remember, I walked in the role as a counselor before I realized it was a profession. My greatest passion is helping others in any capacity. I was a School teacher for over 20 years teaching grades 6-9. As a teacher, I wore many hats which included being a counselor for my students as well as the entire school. I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in North Carolina. I attended Liberty University where I received my Masters’ Degree in Professional Counseling.
(919) 739-2985 View (919) 739-2985
Photo of Dr. Amity Storm Hines, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Goldsboro, NC
Dr. Amity Storm Hines
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW, LCAS-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Goldsboro, NC 27534
I am a graduate of East Carolina University. My degree is in social work and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I work with a variety of populations from children to adults. I provide therapy using various therapeutic techniques. I provide my clients with a safe, comforting space and a judgement free zone. I have worked in the Department of Social Services as well as private mental health agencies. I am dually licensed as a Licensed Clinical Addiction Specialist-Associate (LCAS-A) and can provide substance use treatment. I look forward to meeting and working with you!
I am a graduate of East Carolina University. My degree is in social work and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I work with a variety of populations from children to adults. I provide therapy using various therapeutic techniques. I provide my clients with a safe, comforting space and a judgement free zone. I have worked in the Department of Social Services as well as private mental health agencies. I am dually licensed as a Licensed Clinical Addiction Specialist-Associate (LCAS-A) and can provide substance use treatment. I look forward to meeting and working with you!
(919) 289-3779 View (919) 289-3779
Photo of Clark Christian Counseling, LPC Intern in Goldsboro, NC
Clark Christian Counseling
LPC Intern, BS
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27534
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I'm Melissa, the Counselor who works in the Goldsboro office of Clark Christian Counseling! I am presently between semesters - and so I have to wait for my next semester to begin before I can start taking new Clients. PLEASE feel free to reach out to me to be added to my Wait List! I look forward to hearing from you!
Hello! I'm Melissa, the Counselor who works in the Goldsboro office of Clark Christian Counseling! I am presently between semesters - and so I have to wait for my next semester to begin before I can start taking new Clients. PLEASE feel free to reach out to me to be added to my Wait List! I look forward to hearing from you!
(984) 355-8639 View (984) 355-8639
Photo of Karry Grady, Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate in Goldsboro, NC
Karry Grady
Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Associate, LCMHC-A
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27534
Waitlist for new clients
Are you searching for relief from trauma, anxiety or depression? I’m Karry, a LCMHC-A passionate about working with trauma survivors, children, teens & adults who want to heal or grow in their journey. I use an integrative approach and tailor my client’s treatment based on their individual needs. I'm passionate about my role as a therapist & remain engaged in continued education & personal learning to be the best for my clients.
Are you searching for relief from trauma, anxiety or depression? I’m Karry, a LCMHC-A passionate about working with trauma survivors, children, teens & adults who want to heal or grow in their journey. I use an integrative approach and tailor my client’s treatment based on their individual needs. I'm passionate about my role as a therapist & remain engaged in continued education & personal learning to be the best for my clients.
(919) 328-3050 View (919) 328-3050
Photo of Jamila Ayoubi, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Goldsboro, NC
Jamila Ayoubi
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC, LCASA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Goldsboro, NC 27534
I enjoy working with adults and teens 15 years and older. My previous experience involves working with several populations in the community, including members of the LGBTQIA+ community, survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault, and clients with substance use diagnoses (including those with co-occurring mental health diagnoses). As a therapist, my ultimate goal is to create a safe space where everyone I see feels heard, seen, and accepted in order to facilitate real change through a collaborative approach.
I enjoy working with adults and teens 15 years and older. My previous experience involves working with several populations in the community, including members of the LGBTQIA+ community, survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault, and clients with substance use diagnoses (including those with co-occurring mental health diagnoses). As a therapist, my ultimate goal is to create a safe space where everyone I see feels heard, seen, and accepted in order to facilitate real change through a collaborative approach.
(984) 400-9266 View (984) 400-9266
Photo of Simplicity Counseling Services, PLLC, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Goldsboro, NC
Simplicity Counseling Services, PLLC
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC , LCAS, CCS
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27534
**Immediate openings for any and all clients**. Struggling from time to time with anxiety, depressed moods, anger outburst, unsure of self worth, identity issues, marital conflict, communication issues. Personal growth and enhancing self-worth, overcoming doubt of one's abilities. Developing a more healthy outlook in life and striving to be a more fully functioning caring human being. Trying to recover or not relapse back to a previous addiction. Issues with trauma or trauma related issues I can help. Recently completed training in EMDR (Dec 2023) which could help address these concerns.
**Immediate openings for any and all clients**. Struggling from time to time with anxiety, depressed moods, anger outburst, unsure of self worth, identity issues, marital conflict, communication issues. Personal growth and enhancing self-worth, overcoming doubt of one's abilities. Developing a more healthy outlook in life and striving to be a more fully functioning caring human being. Trying to recover or not relapse back to a previous addiction. Issues with trauma or trauma related issues I can help. Recently completed training in EMDR (Dec 2023) which could help address these concerns.
(919) 351-8222 View (919) 351-8222
Photo of Shanice Ruffin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Goldsboro, NC
Shanice Ruffin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, GC-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Goldsboro, NC 27530
Life happens to all of us; even to children, adolescents, and young adults. As your child's therapist, I believe that it is my role to create a safe space for them and you too! With 8 years of experience working with children and adolescents, I offer a nonjudgmental approach, while tackling the hard things during childhood to help create healthier adults.
Life happens to all of us; even to children, adolescents, and young adults. As your child's therapist, I believe that it is my role to create a safe space for them and you too! With 8 years of experience working with children and adolescents, I offer a nonjudgmental approach, while tackling the hard things during childhood to help create healthier adults.
(919) 373-6849 View (919) 373-6849
Photo of Marvin R Alexander, Pre-Licensed Professional in Goldsboro, NC
Marvin R Alexander
Pre-Licensed Professional, MDiv, MRT, PC, CC
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27530
***WELCOMING NEW CLIENTS*** at Mephibosheth Project Inc. (MPI) we realize that at some point all of us have found ourselves in the midst of some stressful seasons of life. We refer to those rough seasons as "drops." The reality is that each of us have been dropped at some point and each drop can potentially leave us with some scars - be it emotionally, mentally and in some cases even spiritually. Our goal is to provide a holistic approach to the counseling process. Spiritual Psychotherapy helps to give us the strength to continue our journey and ensures that you have someone that is willing to walk along side of you.
***WELCOMING NEW CLIENTS*** at Mephibosheth Project Inc. (MPI) we realize that at some point all of us have found ourselves in the midst of some stressful seasons of life. We refer to those rough seasons as "drops." The reality is that each of us have been dropped at some point and each drop can potentially leave us with some scars - be it emotionally, mentally and in some cases even spiritually. Our goal is to provide a holistic approach to the counseling process. Spiritual Psychotherapy helps to give us the strength to continue our journey and ensures that you have someone that is willing to walk along side of you.
(919) 739-4258 View (919) 739-4258
Photo of Raelyn Mosher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Goldsboro, NC
Raelyn Mosher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Goldsboro, NC 27530
Waitlist for new clients
You just want to be in control of your life rather than your life controlling you. Your mind is always racing. You feel sad, overwhelmed and anxious. Motivation is a struggle, let alone surviving day to day life. Maybe you have experienced several small traumatic events, life altering traumas, or you just feel like your entire life has been one big traumatic train wreck. You are on an emotional roller coaster. Everyone and everything around you come before your own needs.
You just want to be in control of your life rather than your life controlling you. Your mind is always racing. You feel sad, overwhelmed and anxious. Motivation is a struggle, let alone surviving day to day life. Maybe you have experienced several small traumatic events, life altering traumas, or you just feel like your entire life has been one big traumatic train wreck. You are on an emotional roller coaster. Everyone and everything around you come before your own needs.
(919) 864-2512 View (919) 864-2512
Photo of Tracie L Hillard, Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Supervisor in Goldsboro, NC
Tracie L Hillard
Lic Clinical Mental Health Counselor Supervisor, LCMHCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Goldsboro, NC 27534
I have been working as a counselor since January 2001. I typically work with children, adolescents, young adults, and families. I feel that parents are important in the counseling process and would like for parents to be available during the times that I meet with the child. I accept most major insurances. If you are choosing to pay for counseling services yourself, please call me so we can discuss the fee. At the first session, we will discuss background information and discuss what our goals will be.
I have been working as a counselor since January 2001. I typically work with children, adolescents, young adults, and families. I feel that parents are important in the counseling process and would like for parents to be available during the times that I meet with the child. I accept most major insurances. If you are choosing to pay for counseling services yourself, please call me so we can discuss the fee. At the first session, we will discuss background information and discuss what our goals will be.
(919) 907-2061 View (919) 907-2061
Photo of M Deane Forsythe, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Goldsboro, NC
M Deane Forsythe
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC, LCAS, CSI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Goldsboro, NC 27534
Waitlist for new clients
That idea you have in your head about what therapy is and that picture of what a therapist is supposed to be-yeah THAT one-it isn’t like that here. If you've tried therapy before and HATED it, if you're ready to make moves in your life, ready to get real and own your shit, or if you need a safe space to dump with a REAL person that doesn’t give a shit what it is you did or think you did, let me introduce myself. I prefer to see adults but I will make exceptions for adolescents age 16 and over, provided they pass the vibe check. We do real talk here and nothing less. Unadulterated authenticity. It's pretty dope, if you're down.
That idea you have in your head about what therapy is and that picture of what a therapist is supposed to be-yeah THAT one-it isn’t like that here. If you've tried therapy before and HATED it, if you're ready to make moves in your life, ready to get real and own your shit, or if you need a safe space to dump with a REAL person that doesn’t give a shit what it is you did or think you did, let me introduce myself. I prefer to see adults but I will make exceptions for adolescents age 16 and over, provided they pass the vibe check. We do real talk here and nothing less. Unadulterated authenticity. It's pretty dope, if you're down.
(919) 897-7868 View (919) 897-7868
Photo of Courtenay Y Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Goldsboro, NC
Courtenay Y Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27530  (Online Only)
My goal is to provide a safe, therapeutic environment, where clients can share their innermost struggles and challenges without feeling judged or criticized. Therapy is an avenue to address the challenges in life that sometimes seem unmanageable. I believe that a strong therapeutic relationship, based on genuine acceptance and unconditional positive regard, can be the pathway for change to occur. I work with individuals, adults, and teens on a variety of issues and disorders including but not limited to depression, anxiety, parenting issues​, abuse, grief, trauma, low self-esteem, life cycle transitions, and substance abuse.
My goal is to provide a safe, therapeutic environment, where clients can share their innermost struggles and challenges without feeling judged or criticized. Therapy is an avenue to address the challenges in life that sometimes seem unmanageable. I believe that a strong therapeutic relationship, based on genuine acceptance and unconditional positive regard, can be the pathway for change to occur. I work with individuals, adults, and teens on a variety of issues and disorders including but not limited to depression, anxiety, parenting issues​, abuse, grief, trauma, low self-esteem, life cycle transitions, and substance abuse.
(984) 207-1937 View (984) 207-1937
Photo of Niaisha Johnston, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Goldsboro, NC
Niaisha Johnston
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27534  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am passionate about providing an authentic and supportive environment for her clients to reach their goals.
Welcome! I am passionate about providing an authentic and supportive environment for her clients to reach their goals.
View
Photo of I've Overcome Counseling and Consulting Services , Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Goldsboro, NC
I've Overcome Counseling and Consulting Services
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC, LCAS , NCC
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27530
I’ve Overcome Counseling Services was created to help individuals, couples, and families find themselves again through an integrative approach designed to facilitate the renewing of the mind. Schedule a free consultation to find out how we can partner and BECOME unstuck!
I’ve Overcome Counseling Services was created to help individuals, couples, and families find themselves again through an integrative approach designed to facilitate the renewing of the mind. Schedule a free consultation to find out how we can partner and BECOME unstuck!
(919) 635-8981 View (919) 635-8981
Photo of Tiffany Farmer, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Goldsboro, NC
Tiffany Farmer
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC, LCAS
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27534  (Online Only)
Life is Hard! Hello, my name is Tiffany. I am dual licensed as a LCMHC (licensed clinical mental health counselor) as well as a LCAS (licensed clinical addiction specialist) in the state of NC. I have been working in the mental health field for 8 years working with kids, adults & families. I enjoy working and helping people, I personally believe we all need a non judgmental person in our lives to vent, bounce ideas off of, and just work through the stressors of life with. I primarily use the CBT model but also solution focused therapy in my practice. I believe You are never too far gone, and everyone has the right to enjoy life.
Life is Hard! Hello, my name is Tiffany. I am dual licensed as a LCMHC (licensed clinical mental health counselor) as well as a LCAS (licensed clinical addiction specialist) in the state of NC. I have been working in the mental health field for 8 years working with kids, adults & families. I enjoy working and helping people, I personally believe we all need a non judgmental person in our lives to vent, bounce ideas off of, and just work through the stressors of life with. I primarily use the CBT model but also solution focused therapy in my practice. I believe You are never too far gone, and everyone has the right to enjoy life.
(919) 899-7720 View (919) 899-7720
Photo of Melissa D McClung, Licensed Professional Counselor in Goldsboro, NC
Melissa D McClung
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCAS-A, NBCT
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27534
I have worked in various positions in the counseling arena for nearly 30 years. I enjoy working with families, couples and individuals to help them achieve their full potential. I work with clients who struggle with anxiety and depression. I help clients deal with life on life's terms. I tailor my practice to each client's individual needs. I believe that each person, whether man, woman or child, has within him or her the ability to be emotionally well.
I have worked in various positions in the counseling arena for nearly 30 years. I enjoy working with families, couples and individuals to help them achieve their full potential. I work with clients who struggle with anxiety and depression. I help clients deal with life on life's terms. I tailor my practice to each client's individual needs. I believe that each person, whether man, woman or child, has within him or her the ability to be emotionally well.
(984) 205-4891 View (984) 205-4891
Photo of Healing Is Possible PLLC, Counselor in Goldsboro, NC
Healing Is Possible PLLC
Counselor, MS, LCMHC, LCAS
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27534  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing excessive worry, not able to manage worry, avoiding situations that trigger anxiety, experiencing panic attacks, have difficulty relaxing and feel anxious, nervous and on edge? Do you overthink and overanalyze most situations and have a hard time trusting yourself to handle difficult situations? Feel the need to always be prepared for the worst and to control situations? Are you experiencing worries about the future, feeling stuck in the past and not sure how to move forward? We can work together to develop strategies to decrease worry and develop healthy coping skills to keep anxiety under control.
Are you experiencing excessive worry, not able to manage worry, avoiding situations that trigger anxiety, experiencing panic attacks, have difficulty relaxing and feel anxious, nervous and on edge? Do you overthink and overanalyze most situations and have a hard time trusting yourself to handle difficult situations? Feel the need to always be prepared for the worst and to control situations? Are you experiencing worries about the future, feeling stuck in the past and not sure how to move forward? We can work together to develop strategies to decrease worry and develop healthy coping skills to keep anxiety under control.
(919) 739-2979 View (919) 739-2979
Photo of Healing Well Counseling Services, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Goldsboro, NC
Healing Well Counseling Services, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCAS-A
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27534
Candra Edwards is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with more than 12 years of mental health experience. She is passionate about helping children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families identify, confront, and resolve unique challenges in order to live more fulfilling lives. Candra also works with women as they manage emotional challenges relative to pregnancy. She specializes in depression, anxiety, relationship issues, life transitions, peri/postpartum health, and grief and loss.
Candra Edwards is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with more than 12 years of mental health experience. She is passionate about helping children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families identify, confront, and resolve unique challenges in order to live more fulfilling lives. Candra also works with women as they manage emotional challenges relative to pregnancy. She specializes in depression, anxiety, relationship issues, life transitions, peri/postpartum health, and grief and loss.
(919) 629-9156 View (919) 629-9156
Photo of Herring Human Services, PA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Goldsboro, NC
Herring Human Services, PA
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCAS, CCS
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27534
My approach to therapy is to assist individuals in accomplishing their goals in this journey we call life. I feel our expectations of others, ourselves and our environment create more stress than we often realize. The good news is we can tame those expectations in order to live a more purposeful life, less driven by stress and greatly assisted by the skills acquired in therapy.
My approach to therapy is to assist individuals in accomplishing their goals in this journey we call life. I feel our expectations of others, ourselves and our environment create more stress than we often realize. The good news is we can tame those expectations in order to live a more purposeful life, less driven by stress and greatly assisted by the skills acquired in therapy.
(919) 584-9306 View (919) 584-9306
Photo of Stacia Marie Harlan, Counselor in Goldsboro, NC
Stacia Marie Harlan
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Goldsboro, NC 27530
My heart has always been drawn to helping and encouraging others. My desire and passion is working with children, adolescents, and women who are going through life challenges or have experienced events in their past that need to be brought to the surface so that true, lasting healing can occur. I believe that the most important aspect of counseling is my relationship with the client and that is my main focus with my clients. I am currently accepting BCBS, Med Cost, and self pay If you are interested in my services, please call me so that we can discuss fees.
My heart has always been drawn to helping and encouraging others. My desire and passion is working with children, adolescents, and women who are going through life challenges or have experienced events in their past that need to be brought to the surface so that true, lasting healing can occur. I believe that the most important aspect of counseling is my relationship with the client and that is my main focus with my clients. I am currently accepting BCBS, Med Cost, and self pay If you are interested in my services, please call me so that we can discuss fees.
(984) 205-9340 View (984) 205-9340

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Goldsboro, NC

50+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Goldsboro, NC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
81% Stress
79% Self Esteem
78% Coping Skills
72% Relationship Issues
62% Grief

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% Cigna and Evernorth
75% Aetna

How Therapists in Goldsboro, NC see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Goldsboro?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.