Therapists in Thousand Oaks, CA

Photo of Jonathan Pappas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Jonathan Pappas
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Change is constant in life. Let's work together to take control and create the life you imagine. My focus is to meet you where you are and provide collaborative support. My interventions are tailored to your unique situation and personal needs.
Change is constant in life. Let's work together to take control and create the life you imagine. My focus is to meet you where you are and provide collaborative support. My interventions are tailored to your unique situation and personal needs.
(805) 623-4349 View (805) 623-4349
Photo of Luisa F. Cañon, Psychologist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Luisa F. Cañon
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, BCBA-D
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91362  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with high achievers who worry about not being where they believe they should be, despite their success and whose anxiety, self-doubt, and perfectionism consume part of their lives. In our culture, we often prioritize personal uniqueness, but beneath the surface, we tend to suppress our individuality, defining ourselves more by what we do than by our true selves. As an immigrant woman of color, I have firsthand experience of how contextual factors and identities can compound the challenges that high achievers already face.
I specialize in working with high achievers who worry about not being where they believe they should be, despite their success and whose anxiety, self-doubt, and perfectionism consume part of their lives. In our culture, we often prioritize personal uniqueness, but beneath the surface, we tend to suppress our individuality, defining ourselves more by what we do than by our true selves. As an immigrant woman of color, I have firsthand experience of how contextual factors and identities can compound the challenges that high achievers already face.
(310) 742-1309 View (310) 742-1309
Photo of Maryann Reuter, Psychologist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Maryann Reuter
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Thousand Oaks, CA 91362  (Online Only)
I treat individuals for depression, anxiety, trauma, issues related to aging and life transitions, issues related to grief and loss, and a number of other life stressors. I work with all ages and stages of development, including older adults, and have specialized training to work with young children as well. I enjoy helping people through understanding the various parts of life.
I treat individuals for depression, anxiety, trauma, issues related to aging and life transitions, issues related to grief and loss, and a number of other life stressors. I work with all ages and stages of development, including older adults, and have specialized training to work with young children as well. I enjoy helping people through understanding the various parts of life.
(818) 381-5629 View (818) 381-5629
Photo of Jamie Stern, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Thousand Oaks, CA
Jamie Stern
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Are you going through internal struggle due to trauma? Do you feel anxious and depressed about the future? Do you struggle with family issues and relationship issues? I’m willing to meet you where you are, help you process unwanted thoughts and emotions, and help develop an action plan to effectively cultivate your healing and growth. I’m here to help you explore unresolved feelings (anxiety, depression, anger, helplessness, grief, etc.) and develop skills to effectively cope with them. Thus, you can feel relieved and fulfilled in your relationship with yourself and others.
Are you going through internal struggle due to trauma? Do you feel anxious and depressed about the future? Do you struggle with family issues and relationship issues? I’m willing to meet you where you are, help you process unwanted thoughts and emotions, and help develop an action plan to effectively cultivate your healing and growth. I’m here to help you explore unresolved feelings (anxiety, depression, anger, helplessness, grief, etc.) and develop skills to effectively cope with them. Thus, you can feel relieved and fulfilled in your relationship with yourself and others.
(805) 243-0817 View (805) 243-0817
Photo of Jennifer Nevitt, Psychologist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Jennifer Nevitt
Psychologist, CP
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
I am Dr. Jennifer Nevitt and I am a licensed psychologist in California. I think that clients can benefit from permanent change by using several approaches, but mostly about how we think about our situation, our future, and actually changing the way our brain is wired to get the best results using positive psychology that helps us see the world in a positive way, and respond to stress differently as soon as treatment begins. I use several approaches when providing psychotherapy. I am trained in psychodynamic, family systems, mindfulness, client-centered, cognitive behavioral therapy, and more.
I am Dr. Jennifer Nevitt and I am a licensed psychologist in California. I think that clients can benefit from permanent change by using several approaches, but mostly about how we think about our situation, our future, and actually changing the way our brain is wired to get the best results using positive psychology that helps us see the world in a positive way, and respond to stress differently as soon as treatment begins. I use several approaches when providing psychotherapy. I am trained in psychodynamic, family systems, mindfulness, client-centered, cognitive behavioral therapy, and more.
(805) 977-5502 View (805) 977-5502
Photo of sole2soultherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
sole2soultherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFC
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91362
Seeking out help from a clinician is always the hardest step to take and finding the right clinician for you makes that step easier. I believe we all have the power to find the tools within ourselves to guide us toward a happy and fulfilling life, and I love to help my clients take their first steps toward their goals. I work with my clients from a Humanistic Approach. Your personal worth, your value, creativity, and ability to overcome hardship, pain, and crisis in your life, is the center and most important aspect of my work.
Seeking out help from a clinician is always the hardest step to take and finding the right clinician for you makes that step easier. I believe we all have the power to find the tools within ourselves to guide us toward a happy and fulfilling life, and I love to help my clients take their first steps toward their goals. I work with my clients from a Humanistic Approach. Your personal worth, your value, creativity, and ability to overcome hardship, pain, and crisis in your life, is the center and most important aspect of my work.
(805) 257-1240 View (805) 257-1240
Photo of Stazan K Sina, Psychologist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Stazan K Sina
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Although I work with children and adolescents individually, working with them alone is not sufficient. As a parent myself, I am very aware of what it is like for me to entrust my childrens' care into the hands of another. In order for treatment to be successful and for my clients to feel secure in the treatment process, I thus believe it is essential to incorporate working with parents into the treatment of the child. In addition to specializing in treating children and adolescents, I also offer services to college-aged individuals and older adults.
Although I work with children and adolescents individually, working with them alone is not sufficient. As a parent myself, I am very aware of what it is like for me to entrust my childrens' care into the hands of another. In order for treatment to be successful and for my clients to feel secure in the treatment process, I thus believe it is essential to incorporate working with parents into the treatment of the child. In addition to specializing in treating children and adolescents, I also offer services to college-aged individuals and older adults.
(805) 244-5868 View (805) 244-5868
Photo of Lyle McClain, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Lyle McClain
Marriage & Family Therapist, LAADC, LPCC, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Thousand Oaks, CA 91362
Welcome! I work collaboratively with individuals to help them increase awareness and acceptance, explore emotions, and grow. I specialize in working with individuals ages 15-40 who are experiencing challenges with substance use, codependency, life transitions and co-occurring disorders. I facilitate individuals in exploring challenging emotions, developing healthy coping tools, implementing a self-care plan, and creating sustainable change. I aim to help each person that I work with to transition into the best version of themselves and experience empowerment, self-love, and freedom.
Welcome! I work collaboratively with individuals to help them increase awareness and acceptance, explore emotions, and grow. I specialize in working with individuals ages 15-40 who are experiencing challenges with substance use, codependency, life transitions and co-occurring disorders. I facilitate individuals in exploring challenging emotions, developing healthy coping tools, implementing a self-care plan, and creating sustainable change. I aim to help each person that I work with to transition into the best version of themselves and experience empowerment, self-love, and freedom.
(424) 999-5720 View (424) 999-5720
Photo of Roshon Vercher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Roshon Vercher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360  (Online Only)
I am a clinical social worker licensed in California with over 10 years of experience working in multiple settings providing therapy and support for young people in an educational setting, working with families in child protection and in a clinical setting in a correctional facility . I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, co-dependency, identity issues and people who have experienced trauma or emotional abuse
I am a clinical social worker licensed in California with over 10 years of experience working in multiple settings providing therapy and support for young people in an educational setting, working with families in child protection and in a clinical setting in a correctional facility . I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, co-dependency, identity issues and people who have experienced trauma or emotional abuse
(805) 819-2927 View (805) 819-2927
Photo of Dr. Edmon Artinyan, Psychologist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Dr. Edmon Artinyan
Psychologist, Psy D
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Thousand Oaks, CA 91361
I am a licensed clinical psychologist at Lifespan who specializes in psychological evaluations for attention, learning and memory problems in adults, as well as the treatment of insomnia. I have worked with individuals with a wide range of emotional and interpersonal issues including depression, anxiety, panic, and relationship distress. I have many years of experience providing achievement, psychodiagnostic, and neuropsychological testing to adults. I also specialize in pre-surgical evaluations for bariatric, spinal cord stimulation, and breast augmentation surgeries.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist at Lifespan who specializes in psychological evaluations for attention, learning and memory problems in adults, as well as the treatment of insomnia. I have worked with individuals with a wide range of emotional and interpersonal issues including depression, anxiety, panic, and relationship distress. I have many years of experience providing achievement, psychodiagnostic, and neuropsychological testing to adults. I also specialize in pre-surgical evaluations for bariatric, spinal cord stimulation, and breast augmentation surgeries.
(805) 852-5039 View (805) 852-5039
Photo of Helia Ziaee Couples Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Helia Ziaee Couples Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91359  (Online Only)
I provide mental health counseling to help and guide my client(s) find a balanced life by providing a safe space to process and talk about family issues, marital conflict, job stressors, fertility, postpartum, alcohol and substance use along with other mental health concerns they may be experiencing. The therapeutic alliance is the pillar of the therapeutic process and growth. Having worked in this field for almost a decade, I believe my greatest strength is the ability to connect and empathize with my clients while building on their life skills.
I provide mental health counseling to help and guide my client(s) find a balanced life by providing a safe space to process and talk about family issues, marital conflict, job stressors, fertility, postpartum, alcohol and substance use along with other mental health concerns they may be experiencing. The therapeutic alliance is the pillar of the therapeutic process and growth. Having worked in this field for almost a decade, I believe my greatest strength is the ability to connect and empathize with my clients while building on their life skills.
(747) 281-3913 View (747) 281-3913
Photo of Devaki Narayanan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Devaki Narayanan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91362  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Devaki Narayanan, and I warmly welcome you to embark on your therapeutic journey with me. Having earned my Master's in Social Work from the University of Southern California, I bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to guide you through life's challenges. Life can be overwhelming, and I commend you for taking this courageous step towards self-discovery and healing. I am genuinely excited that you've chosen to explore the transformative path of therapy, and I am here to walk alongside you with empathy and understanding. Your well-being is important, and I can't wait to meet you and be a part of your growth and healing.
Hello, I'm Devaki Narayanan, and I warmly welcome you to embark on your therapeutic journey with me. Having earned my Master's in Social Work from the University of Southern California, I bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to guide you through life's challenges. Life can be overwhelming, and I commend you for taking this courageous step towards self-discovery and healing. I am genuinely excited that you've chosen to explore the transformative path of therapy, and I am here to walk alongside you with empathy and understanding. Your well-being is important, and I can't wait to meet you and be a part of your growth and healing.
(805) 410-8989 View (805) 410-8989
Photo of Natalie Yeschin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Natalie Yeschin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCS
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Post Master's Certificate in Advanced Clinical Social Work Practice. I have worked in private practice for the past 18 years, specializing in Structured Assessments and ongoing Individual, Couples and Family Therapy with individuals and families who sustain a variety of neurological and learning challenges.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Post Master's Certificate in Advanced Clinical Social Work Practice. I have worked in private practice for the past 18 years, specializing in Structured Assessments and ongoing Individual, Couples and Family Therapy with individuals and families who sustain a variety of neurological and learning challenges.
(805) 608-3514 View (805) 608-3514
Photo of Margot H Parker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Margot H Parker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Thousand Oaks, CA 91362
Dr. van der Kolk writes that "Being able to feel safe with other people is probably the single most important aspect of mental health; safe connections are fundamental to meaningful and satisfying lives." My approach to therapy is grounded in this concept. I believe that healing from emotional suffering takes place when the client feels deeply heard and understood. I believe that effective therapy is a collaborative process between client and therapist and that my job is to hold the space for my clients to explore the fears and anxieties that impede their growth and sense of well being.
Dr. van der Kolk writes that "Being able to feel safe with other people is probably the single most important aspect of mental health; safe connections are fundamental to meaningful and satisfying lives." My approach to therapy is grounded in this concept. I believe that healing from emotional suffering takes place when the client feels deeply heard and understood. I believe that effective therapy is a collaborative process between client and therapist and that my job is to hold the space for my clients to explore the fears and anxieties that impede their growth and sense of well being.
(805) 335-8293 View (805) 335-8293
Photo of Steven Russell Hobbs, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Steven Russell Hobbs
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Relationships are a dominant presence in our lives; we are meant to be relational. The relationships we remember from the past, experience in the present, and anticipate in the future are perhaps the most influential force in shaping who we are. I believe there are three types of relationships that therapy can foster health in - a person's relationship with himself or herself, a person's relationship with other people, and, for people of faith, a person's relationship with God. There is perhaps no better gift that could be received than a healthier relationship in these areas.
Relationships are a dominant presence in our lives; we are meant to be relational. The relationships we remember from the past, experience in the present, and anticipate in the future are perhaps the most influential force in shaping who we are. I believe there are three types of relationships that therapy can foster health in - a person's relationship with himself or herself, a person's relationship with other people, and, for people of faith, a person's relationship with God. There is perhaps no better gift that could be received than a healthier relationship in these areas.
(805) 715-4563 View (805) 715-4563
Photo of Ashley Zapata, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Ashley Zapata
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
My name is Ashley Zapata, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I utilize an eclectic style of therapy, including various modalities of CBT, Solution Focused and Person Centered. My focus areas are young adults, life transitions, brief/solution focused, general anxiety and depression. The clients I typically work with are adults and those going through life transitions such as job changes, relationships changes, etc. I also work with clients that are looking for assistance in managing general anxiety and depressive symptoms.
My name is Ashley Zapata, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I utilize an eclectic style of therapy, including various modalities of CBT, Solution Focused and Person Centered. My focus areas are young adults, life transitions, brief/solution focused, general anxiety and depression. The clients I typically work with are adults and those going through life transitions such as job changes, relationships changes, etc. I also work with clients that are looking for assistance in managing general anxiety and depressive symptoms.
(805) 301-5314 View (805) 301-5314
Photo of Vanessa Romero, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Vanessa Romero
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Have you been in therapy before where someone just listened to you talk? Are you tired of trying to get out of old coping skills, just to continue to feel stuck, or maybe you don't even know where to start? Is all of THAT getting in the way of your career, parenting, and/or having healthy relationships? Do you want ACTUAL tools instead of someone to just talk to and say "uh, huh, how does that make you feel?"
Have you been in therapy before where someone just listened to you talk? Are you tired of trying to get out of old coping skills, just to continue to feel stuck, or maybe you don't even know where to start? Is all of THAT getting in the way of your career, parenting, and/or having healthy relationships? Do you want ACTUAL tools instead of someone to just talk to and say "uh, huh, how does that make you feel?"
(805) 549-4873 View (805) 549-4873
Photo of Bryan Russo, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Bryan Russo, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
Too often psychotherapy focuses on causality, pathology and cures. However, rather than being "sick" or 'broken", often we are just lost inside ourselves or relationships. Everyone is a unique person with their own story, experience and perspective. The goal of therapy is to achieve a deeper awareness of where we are, to discover internal meaning for our many experiences, and to experience a life worth living. While working towards that awareness, I also feel it important to teach individuals, couples and families the skills needed to cope with the pain and day to day stressors that bring them into therapy.
Too often psychotherapy focuses on causality, pathology and cures. However, rather than being "sick" or 'broken", often we are just lost inside ourselves or relationships. Everyone is a unique person with their own story, experience and perspective. The goal of therapy is to achieve a deeper awareness of where we are, to discover internal meaning for our many experiences, and to experience a life worth living. While working towards that awareness, I also feel it important to teach individuals, couples and families the skills needed to cope with the pain and day to day stressors that bring them into therapy.
(805) 953-7418 View (805) 953-7418
Photo of Suzanne Grace, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Suzanne Grace
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91362  (Online Only)
My desire is to help you live a full life, to listen openly and without bias and to understand you outside of your problems; to help you see that you have strengths and resources that will help you get through this difficult time or the challenges you face. My goal is to help you feel hopeful again. As a couple's therapist, (I also am a collaborative divorce therapist, mediator, coach, and parent coordinator) my goal is to help the couple heal or learn how to move forward in a positive manner. I am passionate about women's issues, including peri- and post-partum, loss, infertility, and grief and work with military and their families
My desire is to help you live a full life, to listen openly and without bias and to understand you outside of your problems; to help you see that you have strengths and resources that will help you get through this difficult time or the challenges you face. My goal is to help you feel hopeful again. As a couple's therapist, (I also am a collaborative divorce therapist, mediator, coach, and parent coordinator) my goal is to help the couple heal or learn how to move forward in a positive manner. I am passionate about women's issues, including peri- and post-partum, loss, infertility, and grief and work with military and their families
(805) 288-8673 View (805) 288-8673
Photo of Elizabeth Schimpff, Marriage & Family Therapist in Thousand Oaks, CA
Elizabeth Schimpff
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SEP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Thousand Oaks, CA 91361
You feel stuck. The anxiety and depression are relentless. You can't get the negative thoughts to stop. Your past is a heavy weight you carry with you. You've tried ignoring it and suppressing it, but it's always there. Plagued by anxiety, nightmares, flashbacks, insomnia, difficulty trusting others, mood swings, irritability, and avoiding reminders of what happened. Imagine what life could be like, if you could break free from your past- letting go of that heavy weight. No longer being haunted by painful memories of things that happened way back when. Having a more positive outlook on your life, and feeling more at ease.
You feel stuck. The anxiety and depression are relentless. You can't get the negative thoughts to stop. Your past is a heavy weight you carry with you. You've tried ignoring it and suppressing it, but it's always there. Plagued by anxiety, nightmares, flashbacks, insomnia, difficulty trusting others, mood swings, irritability, and avoiding reminders of what happened. Imagine what life could be like, if you could break free from your past- letting go of that heavy weight. No longer being haunted by painful memories of things that happened way back when. Having a more positive outlook on your life, and feeling more at ease.
(805) 516-0309 View (805) 516-0309

See more therapy options for Thousand Oaks

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Thousand Oaks, CA

600+

Average cost per session

$164

Therapists in Thousand Oaks, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
91% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
68% Trauma and PTSD
63% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Cigna and Evernorth
64% Optum
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Thousand Oaks, CA see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Thousand Oaks?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.