Exposure Response Prevention (ERP) Therapists in Cherry Creek, Denver, CO

Photo of Emily Vinych, Counselor, LPC
Emily Vinych
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
My approach is grounded in evidence-based practices, including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
Because each person’s journey is unique, I tailor treatment to fit individual experiences and strengths. I also believe that true, lasting change comes from not only developing new skills but also fostering mindfulness and self-compassion. By integrating these practices, I help clients build a foundation for long-term well-being and a more fulfilling life.
My approach is grounded in evidence-based practices, including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
Because each person’s journey is unique, I tailor treatment to fit individual experiences and strengths. I also believe that true, lasting change comes from not only developing new skills but also fostering mindfulness and self-compassion. By integrating these practices, I help clients build a foundation for long-term well-being and a more fulfilling life.
(833) 370-4166 View (833) 370-4166
Photo of Jason Sibson, Psychologist, PsyD
Jason Sibson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
In therapy this means combining an essential foundation of authentic rapport and unconditional positive regard with the expertise to apply psychological science (including CBT, ACT, EMDR, DBT, ERP) to address specific mental health concerns (including OCD, panic/anxiety, depression, trauma).
I know how difficult the search for a therapist can be. It feels like there's a lot riding on making the right choice, but there's so much uncertainty about what the right choice even entails. Of course you want a professional who seems qualified to address your specific areas of struggle, but it seems to me that the most healing aspect of therapy is the experience of feeling comfortable enough to be radically open with a therapist who you perceive to be compassionate, nonjudgmental, and real. Try to find someone you feel you can click with on an authentic human level; otherwise, it's likely to feel transactional and limiting.
In therapy this means combining an essential foundation of authentic rapport and unconditional positive regard with the expertise to apply psychological science (including CBT, ACT, EMDR, DBT, ERP) to address specific mental health concerns (including OCD, panic/anxiety, depression, trauma).
I know how difficult the search for a therapist can be. It feels like there's a lot riding on making the right choice, but there's so much uncertainty about what the right choice even entails. Of course you want a professional who seems qualified to address your specific areas of struggle, but it seems to me that the most healing aspect of therapy is the experience of feeling comfortable enough to be radically open with a therapist who you perceive to be compassionate, nonjudgmental, and real. Try to find someone you feel you can click with on an authentic human level; otherwise, it's likely to feel transactional and limiting.
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Photo of Sarah Schwarz, Psychologist, PsyD
Sarah Schwarz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, particularly Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), using Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP) to help my clients make therapeutic gains and significant life changes.
My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each client I work with. I most frequently use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), as these modalities help me and the client build a shared understanding of their reality, and allow us to work together.
I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, particularly Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), using Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP) to help my clients make therapeutic gains and significant life changes.
My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each client I work with. I most frequently use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), as these modalities help me and the client build a shared understanding of their reality, and allow us to work together.
(303) 276-1383 View (303) 276-1383
Photo of Wendy Morrison, Psychologist, PhD
Wendy Morrison
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cherry Creek, Denver, CO 80209
I offer individualized therapy and assessment using evidence-based approaches to help you nurture your whole, true self. My professional training includes three advanced degrees in Psychology, including a research-based Ph.D. from an APA accredited program. I have dedicated my life and passions towards helping others. Engage with me and we will work together to find your peace.
I offer individualized therapy and assessment using evidence-based approaches to help you nurture your whole, true self. My professional training includes three advanced degrees in Psychology, including a research-based Ph.D. from an APA accredited program. I have dedicated my life and passions towards helping others. Engage with me and we will work together to find your peace.
(720) 605-2755 View (720) 605-2755
Photo of Nathan Hale, Psychologist, PsyD
Nathan Hale
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you bothered by constant worry, fear, nervousness or anxiety? Feeling down, depressed, hopeless or like life is always going wrong? Having difficulty focusing or concentrating and feeling like you are always on the move? Is procrastinating or always putting things off until the last minute something you struggle with? These are all a part of being human, and there is nothing wrong with you. Let me help you better how to understand these thoughts, and feelings and drop the struggle against them. I can help you better understand how you can change behaviors and live a better life, even with these thoughts and feelings.
Are you bothered by constant worry, fear, nervousness or anxiety? Feeling down, depressed, hopeless or like life is always going wrong? Having difficulty focusing or concentrating and feeling like you are always on the move? Is procrastinating or always putting things off until the last minute something you struggle with? These are all a part of being human, and there is nothing wrong with you. Let me help you better how to understand these thoughts, and feelings and drop the struggle against them. I can help you better understand how you can change behaviors and live a better life, even with these thoughts and feelings.
(720) 776-9456 View (720) 776-9456
Photo of Allison Sand, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Allison Sand
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cherry Creek, Denver, CO 80209
Feeling stuck and disconnected from yourself and the life you had hoped for? I am a therapist specializing in helping individuals navigate life's challenges and discover their strength. I am a compassionate and collaborative client-centered therapist, dedicated to helping patients navigate through periods of emotional stress, grief, life transitions, loss, and adjustment to chronic illness. In addition, I specialize in anxiety and depression, relationship issues, body image, and existential concerns.
Feeling stuck and disconnected from yourself and the life you had hoped for? I am a therapist specializing in helping individuals navigate life's challenges and discover their strength. I am a compassionate and collaborative client-centered therapist, dedicated to helping patients navigate through periods of emotional stress, grief, life transitions, loss, and adjustment to chronic illness. In addition, I specialize in anxiety and depression, relationship issues, body image, and existential concerns.
(720) 549-8735 View (720) 549-8735
Photo of Camille Sinclair, Psychologist, PhD
Camille Sinclair
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cherry Creek, Denver, CO 80209
Welcome! My name is Dr. Sinclair and I am the Founder and Director of Sinclair Psychological Associates. I am both a Clinical and Health Psychologist; meaning, I have expertise in treating clients with psychological and emotional stressors (typically trauma, anxiety, grief and other stress responses); as well as clients with medical conditions negatively impacting their daily lives.
Welcome! My name is Dr. Sinclair and I am the Founder and Director of Sinclair Psychological Associates. I am both a Clinical and Health Psychologist; meaning, I have expertise in treating clients with psychological and emotional stressors (typically trauma, anxiety, grief and other stress responses); as well as clients with medical conditions negatively impacting their daily lives.
(720) 802-2176 View (720) 802-2176
Photo of Stephen Drozda, Psychologist, LCP
Stephen Drozda
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am Stephen Drozda, a Licensed Psychologist in Colorado with over 40 years experience in the field. I treat clients from a variety of backgrounds in my practice using research-supported techniques such as cognitive-behavioral and solution-focused therapies to actively help clients to identify, plan, and work toward their goals.
I am Stephen Drozda, a Licensed Psychologist in Colorado with over 40 years experience in the field. I treat clients from a variety of backgrounds in my practice using research-supported techniques such as cognitive-behavioral and solution-focused therapies to actively help clients to identify, plan, and work toward their goals.
(303) 578-1287 View (303) 578-1287
Photo of Nicole Kline, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Nicole Kline
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, I'm Nicole, a Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado with over a decade of experience working with children and families. My journey has taken me from being a nanny and Montessori art teacher to becoming a family and couples therapist. For the past five years, I've dedicated myself to professional work as a psychotherapist, family therapist, and art therapist. My experience spans helping clients navigate stress and anxiety, relationship issues, family conflicts, and eating disorders. I firmly believe that artistic expression is a powerful tool for conveying emotions that words often fail to capture.
Hello, I'm Nicole, a Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado with over a decade of experience working with children and families. My journey has taken me from being a nanny and Montessori art teacher to becoming a family and couples therapist. For the past five years, I've dedicated myself to professional work as a psychotherapist, family therapist, and art therapist. My experience spans helping clients navigate stress and anxiety, relationship issues, family conflicts, and eating disorders. I firmly believe that artistic expression is a powerful tool for conveying emotions that words often fail to capture.
(877) 450-7423 View (877) 450-7423
Photo of Mark O'Laughlin, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Mark O'Laughlin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I have practiced for 25 years since my MA degree in Counseling Psychology. I work with individuals, families, or couples facing anxiety or depression, life changes, and relationship challenges as well as other issues. I have also worked as a group therapist with people struggling with substances and addiction. In addition, I have taught classes in stress management, anger management, and communication skills. I would approach issues with you openly, and consider whatever approach may be beneficial for you given your needs.
I have practiced for 25 years since my MA degree in Counseling Psychology. I work with individuals, families, or couples facing anxiety or depression, life changes, and relationship challenges as well as other issues. I have also worked as a group therapist with people struggling with substances and addiction. In addition, I have taught classes in stress management, anger management, and communication skills. I would approach issues with you openly, and consider whatever approach may be beneficial for you given your needs.
(888) 691-3549 View (888) 691-3549
Photo of Cynthia McCall, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LPC
Cynthia McCall
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Lyn McCall, I am a licensed addiction counselor. I have been working as a counselor for the past 29 years. My work focuses on a variety of issues: addiction, anxiety, depression, OCD, PTDS, gender identify, just to name a few. Addiction and/or co-occurring mental health disorders has been my focus t throughout my career. I am comfortable working with adolescents or adults, both male and female. I specialize in EMDR, (CBT) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and (DBT) Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Exposure Therapy.
My name is Lyn McCall, I am a licensed addiction counselor. I have been working as a counselor for the past 29 years. My work focuses on a variety of issues: addiction, anxiety, depression, OCD, PTDS, gender identify, just to name a few. Addiction and/or co-occurring mental health disorders has been my focus t throughout my career. I am comfortable working with adolescents or adults, both male and female. I specialize in EMDR, (CBT) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and (DBT) Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Exposure Therapy.
(720) 902-7373 View (720) 902-7373
Photo of Angela Lewis, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Angela Lewis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Angie Lewis and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Colorado working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with people ages 15-99 and specialize in working with people who don’t feel they are living their best life. I also work with co-occurring disorders. This involves the presence of both a substance use disorder and a mental health disorder. My counseling style is a good fit for teens and adults who struggle with overthinking about life and relationships. This can cause anxiety and depression or a sense of existing but not really living a life.
My name is Angie Lewis and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Colorado working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with people ages 15-99 and specialize in working with people who don’t feel they are living their best life. I also work with co-occurring disorders. This involves the presence of both a substance use disorder and a mental health disorder. My counseling style is a good fit for teens and adults who struggle with overthinking about life and relationships. This can cause anxiety and depression or a sense of existing but not really living a life.
(720) 790-4065 View (720) 790-4065

Online Therapists

Photo of Josh Kaplan - Josh Kaplan - Anxiety, OCD & Depression Specialist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Josh Kaplan - Anxiety, OCD & Depression Specialist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cherry Creek, Denver, CO 80210
I specialize in evidence-based, gold-standard treatments including Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Exposure Therapy.
Hi, and thanks for visiting my profile! I'm Josh Kaplan, a compassionate and experienced therapist dedicated to helping individuals overcome Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and co-occurring Depression. With over a decade of specialized experience, I understand how these challenges can impact every aspect of life—but more importantly, I know what works to help you break free. Whether you’re struggling with intrusive thoughts, panic, phobias, agoraphobia, or chronic worry, relief is possible with the right treatment.
I specialize in evidence-based, gold-standard treatments including Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Exposure Therapy.
Hi, and thanks for visiting my profile! I'm Josh Kaplan, a compassionate and experienced therapist dedicated to helping individuals overcome Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and co-occurring Depression. With over a decade of specialized experience, I understand how these challenges can impact every aspect of life—but more importantly, I know what works to help you break free. Whether you’re struggling with intrusive thoughts, panic, phobias, agoraphobia, or chronic worry, relief is possible with the right treatment.
(720) 706-3761 View (720) 706-3761
Photo of Kelsey Hernandez - Kelsey Hernandez - NOCD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kelsey Hernandez - NOCD
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
We have received intensive training in Exposure Response and Prevention Therapy ( ERP)—the gold standard treatment for OCD.
Therapy always seemed like a wonderful profession to me. I was very close to my grandfather, who was a social worker, so when it came time to pick a major in college, social work was a natural fit. As a therapist, I've worked with many conditions, but I wanted a specialty. I started working at an OCD and anxiety treatment center, and after learning more about OCD and anxiety-based disorders, I fell in love with the work. At NOCD, my team and I specialize in providing evidence-based treatment for OCD. Our deep understanding of the nuances and intricacies of OCD enables us to properly diagnose and treat it.
We have received intensive training in Exposure Response and Prevention Therapy ( ERP)—the gold standard treatment for OCD.
Therapy always seemed like a wonderful profession to me. I was very close to my grandfather, who was a social worker, so when it came time to pick a major in college, social work was a natural fit. As a therapist, I've worked with many conditions, but I wanted a specialty. I started working at an OCD and anxiety treatment center, and after learning more about OCD and anxiety-based disorders, I fell in love with the work. At NOCD, my team and I specialize in providing evidence-based treatment for OCD. Our deep understanding of the nuances and intricacies of OCD enables us to properly diagnose and treat it.
(720) 740-5704 View (720) 740-5704
Photo of Megan Rulli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Megan Rulli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Cherry Creek, Denver, CO 80246
In sessions I utilize acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and exposure and response prevention ( ERP).
Are your distressing thoughts and worries taking over, making it harder to experience happiness? Does it feel overwhelming and tiring living with complex emotions? Do you feel exhausted trying to find your true self when anxiety, OCD, depression, trauma or life transitions are present? Now more than ever people are feeling isolated and uncertain surrounding navigating life's challenges. You are not alone.
In sessions I utilize acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and exposure and response prevention ( ERP).
Are your distressing thoughts and worries taking over, making it harder to experience happiness? Does it feel overwhelming and tiring living with complex emotions? Do you feel exhausted trying to find your true self when anxiety, OCD, depression, trauma or life transitions are present? Now more than ever people are feeling isolated and uncertain surrounding navigating life's challenges. You are not alone.
(303) 416-7196 View (303) 416-7196
Photo of Becca Newell, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LAC
Becca Newell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LAC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I use EMDR, ERP, Attachment Theory, and self-compassion.
We’ve heard people talk about how great therapy is, and no one really mentions how hard and uncomfortable it is. Together, we’ll create a space where you don’t have to be afraid to share your life and explore parts of yourself that have felt too scary. I have helped others to heal from past painful experiences and to find deeper meaning in their lives. You can create better habits, challenge unhelpful thoughts, and shift your perspective. You can expect kindness, authenticity, gentle challenges, pop culture references, and maybe even a swear word or two.
I use EMDR, ERP, Attachment Theory, and self-compassion.
We’ve heard people talk about how great therapy is, and no one really mentions how hard and uncomfortable it is. Together, we’ll create a space where you don’t have to be afraid to share your life and explore parts of yourself that have felt too scary. I have helped others to heal from past painful experiences and to find deeper meaning in their lives. You can create better habits, challenge unhelpful thoughts, and shift your perspective. You can expect kindness, authenticity, gentle challenges, pop culture references, and maybe even a swear word or two.
(720) 571-4713 View (720) 571-4713
Photo of Emanuel Hermosillo, Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Emanuel Hermosillo
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cherry Creek, Denver, CO 80222
I most often utilize Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with my clients, as those are gold-standard treatments for anxiety and OCD.
I am a therapist at Anxiety Solutions of Denver where I specialize in treating children, adolescents, and adults with anxiety disorders and OCD. My clients often explain that their anxiety and OCD have stripped them of their freedom and joy. Many have also tried traditional talk therapy and have felt hopeless by their lack of sustained progress. I am extremely grateful that I get to help these individuals reconnect with the courage required to live without constraints. Healing from these disorders calls for the guidance of a specialist in most cases. If you are ready to leave anxiety and OCD behind, I am here to help.
I most often utilize Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with my clients, as those are gold-standard treatments for anxiety and OCD.
I am a therapist at Anxiety Solutions of Denver where I specialize in treating children, adolescents, and adults with anxiety disorders and OCD. My clients often explain that their anxiety and OCD have stripped them of their freedom and joy. Many have also tried traditional talk therapy and have felt hopeless by their lack of sustained progress. I am extremely grateful that I get to help these individuals reconnect with the courage required to live without constraints. Healing from these disorders calls for the guidance of a specialist in most cases. If you are ready to leave anxiety and OCD behind, I am here to help.
(855) 904-0291 View (855) 904-0291
Photo of Allison Zage, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Allison Zage
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cherry Creek, Denver, CO 80246
I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) & Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP) to treat OCD, anxiety disorders & depression.
Are you feeling weighed down by persistent unwanted thoughts, feeling “stuck”, and unsure what to do next? Do you feel that you have an idea of “why” you engage in certain patterns and behaviors, but want learn the “how” to make sustainable changes? You’re on the right track to pursuing different avenues to navigate the challenges that come with anxiety, OCD, depression, interpersonal relationships, and self-esteem. It is normal to feel isolated and defeated when faced with life’s stressors, but rest assured you are not alone. Together we will create a safe environment to practice new coping skills, bringing peace to your life.
I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) & Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP) to treat OCD, anxiety disorders & depression.
Are you feeling weighed down by persistent unwanted thoughts, feeling “stuck”, and unsure what to do next? Do you feel that you have an idea of “why” you engage in certain patterns and behaviors, but want learn the “how” to make sustainable changes? You’re on the right track to pursuing different avenues to navigate the challenges that come with anxiety, OCD, depression, interpersonal relationships, and self-esteem. It is normal to feel isolated and defeated when faced with life’s stressors, but rest assured you are not alone. Together we will create a safe environment to practice new coping skills, bringing peace to your life.
(720) 619-3033 View (720) 619-3033
Photo of Ally Picht, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Ally Picht
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I also have experience in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP), Autism, ADHD and ADD, and problem sexual behavior concerns.
Are you anxious all of the time? Or feel like those around you navigate life easier than you? I hope that through therapy you can gain control back and learn to tolerate challenging emotions. I bring a laid-back, casual approach to therapy and love incorporating your hobbies, interests, and humor into our time together. If you are struggling with anxiety, OCD, PTSD, or ADHD/ADD please reach out!
I also have experience in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP), Autism, ADHD and ADD, and problem sexual behavior concerns.
Are you anxious all of the time? Or feel like those around you navigate life easier than you? I hope that through therapy you can gain control back and learn to tolerate challenging emotions. I bring a laid-back, casual approach to therapy and love incorporating your hobbies, interests, and humor into our time together. If you are struggling with anxiety, OCD, PTSD, or ADHD/ADD please reach out!
(720) 715-8562 x1 View (720) 715-8562 x1
Photo of Sarah Schwarz, Psychologist, PsyD
Sarah Schwarz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, particularly Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), using Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP) to help my clients make therapeutic gains and significant life changes.
My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each client I work with. I most frequently use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), as these modalities help me and the client build a shared understanding of their reality, and allow us to work together.
I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, particularly Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), using Exposure and Response Prevention ( ERP) to help my clients make therapeutic gains and significant life changes.
My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each client I work with. I most frequently use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), as these modalities help me and the client build a shared understanding of their reality, and allow us to work together.
(720) 818-9098 View (720) 818-9098

See more therapy options for Cherry Creek, Denver

Exposure Response Prevention (ERP) Therapists

Do I need exposure and response prevention therapy?

Many clients decide to seek help for obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors when these symptoms are distressing enough to disrupt everyday life. Any thoughts or behaviors that cause friction in close relationships are also worth addressing. In addition, the client’s symptoms don’t have to be severe for them to benefit from ERP therapy.

Is exposure and response prevention therapy part of cognitive behavioral therapy?

Exposure and response prevention is one specific type of CBT that focuses on behavioral change in response to triggering stimuli. It is related to exposure therapy but adds an additional component of preventing compulsive and harmful responses.

How long does exposure and response prevention therapy take?

While every patient is different, exposure and response prevention therapy typically lasts around 12 sessions, although some treatments can take longer. A therapist will determine if the treatment is complete based on how the client faces their fears, particularly the strongest ones. When a client feels less anxiety about stimuli that once evoked terror or distress, that is generally an indication that they are nearing the end of ERP therapy.

What are the limitations of exposure and response prevention therapy?

The most common pitfalls of exposure and response prevention therapy include not addressing a client’s core fears, allowing the client to avoid their most distressing stimuli, and using imaginary exposure when the client requires real-life exposure (and vice versa). ERP therapy is most effective when the client commits to the full course of treatment; if the client stops early or doesn’t practice what they have learned outside of therapy sessions, they are less likely to have successful outcomes.