Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO

Photo of Psychological Services of St Louis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Psychological Services of St Louis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Andrea offers counseling to children ages 12 through young adulthood. She strives to provide a relaxed and welcoming environment that supports the reflection of their relationships, behavior, and their emotions. Andrea has experience with treating anxiety, depression, ADHD, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, and Autism.
Andrea offers counseling to children ages 12 through young adulthood. She strives to provide a relaxed and welcoming environment that supports the reflection of their relationships, behavior, and their emotions. Andrea has experience with treating anxiety, depression, ADHD, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, and Autism.
(314) 804-0895 View (314) 804-0895
Photo of Eva Sedjo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Eva Sedjo
Licensed Professional Counselor, ATR, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Eva Sedjo is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri who has been practicing since 2021. She has an MA in Art Therapy Counseling. Eva provides art therapy and talk therapy services to a variety of populations and target areas, including eating disorder treatment, LGBTQIA+ folks, and youth/young adult services. She brings a curious and playful attitude as well as the clinical skill sets to support behavior change and explore the psychological facilitating factors to the presenting problems.
Eva Sedjo is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri who has been practicing since 2021. She has an MA in Art Therapy Counseling. Eva provides art therapy and talk therapy services to a variety of populations and target areas, including eating disorder treatment, LGBTQIA+ folks, and youth/young adult services. She brings a curious and playful attitude as well as the clinical skill sets to support behavior change and explore the psychological facilitating factors to the presenting problems.
(314) 907-2976 View (314) 907-2976
Photo of Amie Romero, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Amie Romero
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
The pressures of life can be overwhelming. Often we can move from okay to not okay very quickly when these pressures catch up - leaving us feeling fragile, on edge, and isolated. Maybe you've had a loss or big change that you can't quite recover from. Maybe it's just the constant movement of life that’s draining your emotional energy. You want to sort through all your thoughts and feelings but you find yourself pretending to be ok when you're not because it just seems easier. Then you hit a breaking point and just can't pretend anymore.
The pressures of life can be overwhelming. Often we can move from okay to not okay very quickly when these pressures catch up - leaving us feeling fragile, on edge, and isolated. Maybe you've had a loss or big change that you can't quite recover from. Maybe it's just the constant movement of life that’s draining your emotional energy. You want to sort through all your thoughts and feelings but you find yourself pretending to be ok when you're not because it just seems easier. Then you hit a breaking point and just can't pretend anymore.
(314) 876-0758 View (314) 876-0758
Photo of Janet Amitin-Roberts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Janet Amitin-Roberts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
We all experience difficulties at some point in our lives. At times, these difficulties can become overwhelming, and we struggle to cope. This can be from one incident or many over several years. Sometimes these events make us feel stuck and can even impact us many years later. Wherever you are in your journey, I am here to assist you through the healing process and ultimately help you get unstuck.
We all experience difficulties at some point in our lives. At times, these difficulties can become overwhelming, and we struggle to cope. This can be from one incident or many over several years. Sometimes these events make us feel stuck and can even impact us many years later. Wherever you are in your journey, I am here to assist you through the healing process and ultimately help you get unstuck.
(314) 207-0583 View (314) 207-0583
Photo of Karen Loaiza, Psychologist in Richmond Heights, MO
Karen Loaiza
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in providing quality, informed psychotherapy as well as diagnostic assessment. It is truly amazing how life changing the therapy process can be, and I am committed to working in a genuine and collaborative way in order to help people through their path of recovery. I help people achieve symptom relief but also get to the root source of the problem for lasting positive change and improved life satisfaction.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in providing quality, informed psychotherapy as well as diagnostic assessment. It is truly amazing how life changing the therapy process can be, and I am committed to working in a genuine and collaborative way in order to help people through their path of recovery. I help people achieve symptom relief but also get to the root source of the problem for lasting positive change and improved life satisfaction.
(314) 310-2766 View (314) 310-2766
Photo of Carol Dyer, Psychologist in Richmond Heights, MO
Carol Dyer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
I work with clients who are struggling to cope with issues related to life transitions, addictions, eating disorders, body image, trauma, caregiving and other life demands. Psychotherapy is a deeply personal experience that can be alternately challenging, rewarding and hopeful. As a therapist, my goal is to provide a nonjudgmental atmosphere for those who wish to find balance in their lives through and beyond times of crisis or transition.
I work with clients who are struggling to cope with issues related to life transitions, addictions, eating disorders, body image, trauma, caregiving and other life demands. Psychotherapy is a deeply personal experience that can be alternately challenging, rewarding and hopeful. As a therapist, my goal is to provide a nonjudgmental atmosphere for those who wish to find balance in their lives through and beyond times of crisis or transition.
(314) 888-5196 View (314) 888-5196
Photo of Allie Brookens, Pre-Licensed Professional in Richmond Heights, MO
Allie Brookens
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, CIT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
This one life we get is so complex. It can be unbelievably joyful, unspeakably painful, or maybe just too confusing to put words to, yet. Therefore, it is my greatest honor to sit down with you, hearing your unique story so that you no longer have to walk alone. Together we can untangle what is happening inside and around you to make life feel better, whether the issues are identity formation, loneliness, anxiety, depression, spirituality or relational struggles. There is hope beyond what you can see right now.
This one life we get is so complex. It can be unbelievably joyful, unspeakably painful, or maybe just too confusing to put words to, yet. Therefore, it is my greatest honor to sit down with you, hearing your unique story so that you no longer have to walk alone. Together we can untangle what is happening inside and around you to make life feel better, whether the issues are identity formation, loneliness, anxiety, depression, spirituality or relational struggles. There is hope beyond what you can see right now.
(314) 937-6543 x3 View (314) 937-6543 x3
Photo of Matt Shatzman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Matt Shatzman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Therapy is an experience where human beings learn to live differently. Differently is the key word. Different can look like less depression, more spontaneity, or deeper and more mutual relationships. Different can be learning to say "yes," "no," or "maybe." Different can be improved physical health, less anxiety, or sustained sobriety. When one begins treatment there's usually a percolating idea of what needs to be different. Helping you clarify the ways you'd like to live differently, what has gotten in your way up to this point, and how those changes can be made is psychotherapy.
Therapy is an experience where human beings learn to live differently. Differently is the key word. Different can look like less depression, more spontaneity, or deeper and more mutual relationships. Different can be learning to say "yes," "no," or "maybe." Different can be improved physical health, less anxiety, or sustained sobriety. When one begins treatment there's usually a percolating idea of what needs to be different. Helping you clarify the ways you'd like to live differently, what has gotten in your way up to this point, and how those changes can be made is psychotherapy.
(314) 480-3895 View (314) 480-3895
Photo of Joy Hathaway, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Joy Hathaway
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Joy Hathaway, LPC Joy Hathaway is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri who has been practicing since 2014. She has a Master of Education in Counseling from the University of Missouri, St. Louis, and a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from University of Missouri, St. Louis. Joy enjoys working with people to find the best path for them, personally, to help them move their lives forward. Her approach is based mostly on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, incorporating elements from ACT, DBT, strengths-based, person-centered, and trauma-informed.
Joy Hathaway, LPC Joy Hathaway is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri who has been practicing since 2014. She has a Master of Education in Counseling from the University of Missouri, St. Louis, and a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from University of Missouri, St. Louis. Joy enjoys working with people to find the best path for them, personally, to help them move their lives forward. Her approach is based mostly on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, incorporating elements from ACT, DBT, strengths-based, person-centered, and trauma-informed.
(314) 907-0880 View (314) 907-0880
Photo of Emily Klamer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Emily Klamer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
I work with individuals who feel a full and meaningful life remains painfully out of reach despite all that may be otherwise going quite well for them. I work with those who are struggling with inhibition, self-sabotage, depression, and anxiety. I have worked with medical professionals, social workers, and other psychotherapists; artists and writers; professors, ministers, and community organizers. A common thread is a recognition that we each have an unconscious and could all use support in exploring what is occurring beyond our awareness, especially when our own efforts to shift painful patterns have not been fruitful.
I work with individuals who feel a full and meaningful life remains painfully out of reach despite all that may be otherwise going quite well for them. I work with those who are struggling with inhibition, self-sabotage, depression, and anxiety. I have worked with medical professionals, social workers, and other psychotherapists; artists and writers; professors, ministers, and community organizers. A common thread is a recognition that we each have an unconscious and could all use support in exploring what is occurring beyond our awareness, especially when our own efforts to shift painful patterns have not been fruitful.
(314) 310-3840 View (314) 310-3840
Photo of Laura Ranalletta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Laura Ranalletta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Accepting New Clients Summer '22 - I believe that we're all doing the best we can, and also: we can all be doing better! Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or a life circumstance which is difficult to navigate, I'm here to help. Chances are you are feeling alone, confused, or dissatisfied with your life at this moment. Maybe you're ready for deep healing from the past. Maybe you're looking for ways to cope with the present. Maybe you want to better understand yourself and your emotions. Maybe you're just looking to talk with a neutral third party about daily stressors. Wherever you're at, welcome!
Accepting New Clients Summer '22 - I believe that we're all doing the best we can, and also: we can all be doing better! Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or a life circumstance which is difficult to navigate, I'm here to help. Chances are you are feeling alone, confused, or dissatisfied with your life at this moment. Maybe you're ready for deep healing from the past. Maybe you're looking for ways to cope with the present. Maybe you want to better understand yourself and your emotions. Maybe you're just looking to talk with a neutral third party about daily stressors. Wherever you're at, welcome!
(636) 278-9585 View (636) 278-9585
Photo of Suzie Rapisardo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Suzie Rapisardo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
Do you tell yourself you are bad at being an adult? You feel like you are drowning in your to do list and all of the life tasks that seem necessary just to tread water. "Easy" things like keeping up with laundry and getting to appointments on time are constantly beating up your self-worth. How do other people make this seem so effortless? You have so many goals and ideas but making headway on any of them feels impossible at times. You are also creative, resilient, and even this second looking for the right kind of help so you can try again! Note: See "groups" section near the bottom of this page or read on for one on one options.
Do you tell yourself you are bad at being an adult? You feel like you are drowning in your to do list and all of the life tasks that seem necessary just to tread water. "Easy" things like keeping up with laundry and getting to appointments on time are constantly beating up your self-worth. How do other people make this seem so effortless? You have so many goals and ideas but making headway on any of them feels impossible at times. You are also creative, resilient, and even this second looking for the right kind of help so you can try again! Note: See "groups" section near the bottom of this page or read on for one on one options.
(314) 501-9759 View (314) 501-9759
Photo of Andrew Gear, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Andrew Gear
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
I am an EMDR Certified Therapist specializing in treating Anxiety, Grief, and Trauma.
I am an EMDR Certified Therapist specializing in treating Anxiety, Grief, and Trauma.
(314) 648-8443 View (314) 648-8443
Photo of Gregory A Goldman, Psychologist in Richmond Heights, MO
Gregory A Goldman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Not accepting new clients
I am co-owner of Psychological services of St. Louis, LLC, where I provide psychotherapy to individuals, couples, and groups, and conduct psychological assessments. I have helped people manage a wide variety of problems including anxiety and mood disorders, substance use issues, adjustment difficulties, social/relationship problems, self-esteem and assertiveness issues, anger and impulsivity, career and life direction issues, sexual orientation and gender-related problems, unusual experiences, and existential concerns. I believe strongly in taking the time to know and understand my clients so we can collaboratively find a treatment approach that fits and is as effective as possible.
I am co-owner of Psychological services of St. Louis, LLC, where I provide psychotherapy to individuals, couples, and groups, and conduct psychological assessments. I have helped people manage a wide variety of problems including anxiety and mood disorders, substance use issues, adjustment difficulties, social/relationship problems, self-esteem and assertiveness issues, anger and impulsivity, career and life direction issues, sexual orientation and gender-related problems, unusual experiences, and existential concerns. I believe strongly in taking the time to know and understand my clients so we can collaboratively find a treatment approach that fits and is as effective as possible.
(314) 527-0184 View (314) 527-0184
Photo of Andrea Nissenbaum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Andrea Nissenbaum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Not accepting new clients
The focus of my work is to help you learn how to manage change, overcome obstacles and learn safe and healthy coping skills in order to help you command your life day to day. My purpose is to help you to start to feel unstuck and learn to handle the stressors we are often faced with every day, whether it be work, relationships, finances, or other triggers. It is easy to become overwhelmed and I will work with you to help you move forward. I offer a safe and supportive space in order for us to explore your feelings, thoughts, and behaviors in a mindful way while also challenging you to make constructive changes.
The focus of my work is to help you learn how to manage change, overcome obstacles and learn safe and healthy coping skills in order to help you command your life day to day. My purpose is to help you to start to feel unstuck and learn to handle the stressors we are often faced with every day, whether it be work, relationships, finances, or other triggers. It is easy to become overwhelmed and I will work with you to help you move forward. I offer a safe and supportive space in order for us to explore your feelings, thoughts, and behaviors in a mindful way while also challenging you to make constructive changes.
(314) 887-8778 View (314) 887-8778
Photo of Cindy Lorentzen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Cindy Lorentzen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, , NCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Seeking counseling can be a difficult decision, but it's a courageous step toward healing and life-changing personal growth. In our sessions, my primary goal is to provide a safe and supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and challenges. Together, we'll work towards understanding your unique experiences and developing strategies to cope, heal, and thrive. You don't have to face your difficulties alone, and I'm here to help you on your journey. Please feel free to contact me and we can begin this process together.
Seeking counseling can be a difficult decision, but it's a courageous step toward healing and life-changing personal growth. In our sessions, my primary goal is to provide a safe and supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and challenges. Together, we'll work towards understanding your unique experiences and developing strategies to cope, heal, and thrive. You don't have to face your difficulties alone, and I'm here to help you on your journey. Please feel free to contact me and we can begin this process together.
(314) 947-4198 View (314) 947-4198
Photo of Diane Venker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Diane Venker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
My practice includes clients dealing with depression, anxiety, abuse issues, relationship conflicts, grief and loss, and parent/child problems. I may utilize solution-focused therapy to provide initial relief of symptoms but I always encourage my clients to look for and explore the source of their difficulties so that life-long resolutions can be gained. I am trained in psychodynamic therapy but adjust treatment according to the client's needs.
My practice includes clients dealing with depression, anxiety, abuse issues, relationship conflicts, grief and loss, and parent/child problems. I may utilize solution-focused therapy to provide initial relief of symptoms but I always encourage my clients to look for and explore the source of their difficulties so that life-long resolutions can be gained. I am trained in psychodynamic therapy but adjust treatment according to the client's needs.
(314) 375-3994 View (314) 375-3994
Photo of Joy Ciskowski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Joy Ciskowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Hello! If you're reading this, I want you to know you are innately worthy of the care, change, and healing you so deeply desire. On top of that, you hold the power within to make those changes. Not only is this a belief I personally hold, it is one supported by research. On a molecular level, we are wired to develop and change when given what we need. This remains true starting from childhood and beyond into adulthood. Meaning, it's never too late to seek out wholeness and you haven't missed your chance.
Hello! If you're reading this, I want you to know you are innately worthy of the care, change, and healing you so deeply desire. On top of that, you hold the power within to make those changes. Not only is this a belief I personally hold, it is one supported by research. On a molecular level, we are wired to develop and change when given what we need. This remains true starting from childhood and beyond into adulthood. Meaning, it's never too late to seek out wholeness and you haven't missed your chance.
(314) 794-5946 View (314) 794-5946
Photo of Ciarra Yancey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Ciarra Yancey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Ciarra Yancey, LPC works with individuals 4-25 years of age. She has worked with a variety of children and their families which include working with individuals in the foster care system, children who have experienced significant trauma, and children with behavioral and emotional disorders. She has also worked with children on the autism spectrum in a school setting. Ciarra is passionate about working with children and their families to help them build strong, trusting relationships. She believes that healthy relationships are key to living happy, fulfilling lives.
Ciarra Yancey, LPC works with individuals 4-25 years of age. She has worked with a variety of children and their families which include working with individuals in the foster care system, children who have experienced significant trauma, and children with behavioral and emotional disorders. She has also worked with children on the autism spectrum in a school setting. Ciarra is passionate about working with children and their families to help them build strong, trusting relationships. She believes that healthy relationships are key to living happy, fulfilling lives.
(314) 970-4224 View (314) 970-4224
Photo of Catherine L Benoist, Psychologist in Richmond Heights, MO
Catherine L Benoist
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
When a clinician is asked what their specialty is, they often focus on specific diagnoses. Although helpful, I believe you are so much more than a diagnosis or collection of symptoms. I think it's important to respect the complicated nature of who we are and the lives we lead. It's about understanding why you are struggling and changing what is not working for you. I think that issues or problems need to be handled with curiosity and not judgement. Only then can we focus on what feels right for you and help you have those things in your life. I believe that, in choosing psychotherapy, one gives oneself a great gift.
When a clinician is asked what their specialty is, they often focus on specific diagnoses. Although helpful, I believe you are so much more than a diagnosis or collection of symptoms. I think it's important to respect the complicated nature of who we are and the lives we lead. It's about understanding why you are struggling and changing what is not working for you. I think that issues or problems need to be handled with curiosity and not judgement. Only then can we focus on what feels right for you and help you have those things in your life. I believe that, in choosing psychotherapy, one gives oneself a great gift.
(314) 310-6812 View (314) 310-6812

See more therapy options for Richmond Heights

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO

80+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
66% Self Esteem
59% Grief
58% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% Cigna and Evernorth
64% Aetna

How Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
16% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Richmond Heights?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.