Therapists in Arlington, VA

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Photo of Nancy W Nollen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, VA
Nancy W Nollen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22207
Working with individual adults and couples in an integrative, supportive and collaborative way, I help clients gain appreciation for their strengths and an enhanced sense of self. Using a warm, interactive style based on mutual respect, the client and I identify and modify patterns that may be blocks to achieving the cllient's greatest potential. We consider early life experiences that may be contributing to the current concerns. With 25 years experience in a variety of treatment settings including hospital, EAP and private practice, I offer a safe environment for exploring and working toward goals that will lead to a fuller and more satisfying life.
Working with individual adults and couples in an integrative, supportive and collaborative way, I help clients gain appreciation for their strengths and an enhanced sense of self. Using a warm, interactive style based on mutual respect, the client and I identify and modify patterns that may be blocks to achieving the cllient's greatest potential. We consider early life experiences that may be contributing to the current concerns. With 25 years experience in a variety of treatment settings including hospital, EAP and private practice, I offer a safe environment for exploring and working toward goals that will lead to a fuller and more satisfying life.
(202) 759-8048 View (202) 759-8048
Photo of Zeyad Layous, Psychologist in Arlington, VA
Zeyad Layous
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22209
Waitlist for new clients
My approach to therapy is open, supportive, and fosters curiosity instead of judgment. I work to help clients achieve insight about the origins of symptoms, while at the same time providing ways to cope with distressing emotions in the present. Our lives can be full of challenges that leave us feeling sad, overwhelmed, alone, and afraid. Sometimes we are unable to understand why we harbor such feelings. Therapy allows us to sort through our emotions, unhelpful behaviors, and negative self-beliefs so that we can continue on with more clarity, self-assurance, purpose, and happiness.
My approach to therapy is open, supportive, and fosters curiosity instead of judgment. I work to help clients achieve insight about the origins of symptoms, while at the same time providing ways to cope with distressing emotions in the present. Our lives can be full of challenges that leave us feeling sad, overwhelmed, alone, and afraid. Sometimes we are unable to understand why we harbor such feelings. Therapy allows us to sort through our emotions, unhelpful behaviors, and negative self-beliefs so that we can continue on with more clarity, self-assurance, purpose, and happiness.
(571) 748-3874 View (571) 748-3874
Photo of Amy Bouldin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, VA
Amy Bouldin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCMHC, MEd
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Arlington, VA 22202  (Online Only)
Welcome! I know many only seek therapy once things feel unmanageable or hopeless and I’d love to help you find relief and gain some clarity in your life. My goal with each session is to provide a safe, warm, non-judgmental, honest, & often humorous, space to explore how you’re feeling & thinking. I have extensive experience working with major life transitions such as breakups, moves, career changes, graduations, & the anxiety, depression & grief that often co-occur. My passion is helping process interpersonal relationship issues, & helping develop language to what's occurring in your life, relationships & learning to set boundaries.
Welcome! I know many only seek therapy once things feel unmanageable or hopeless and I’d love to help you find relief and gain some clarity in your life. My goal with each session is to provide a safe, warm, non-judgmental, honest, & often humorous, space to explore how you’re feeling & thinking. I have extensive experience working with major life transitions such as breakups, moves, career changes, graduations, & the anxiety, depression & grief that often co-occur. My passion is helping process interpersonal relationship issues, & helping develop language to what's occurring in your life, relationships & learning to set boundaries.
(571) 454-9489 View (571) 454-9489
Photo of Victoria Colborn Bathe, Psychologist in Arlington, VA
Victoria Colborn Bathe
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Arlington, VA 22209
I specialize in helping individuals and couples navigate relationship problems, difficult thoughts and feelings, painful experiences, existential issues, and life changes. Together, we’ll come to a shared understanding of your concerns, and develop a balance of emotional processing, skill-building, and action to help you meet your goals. My aim is to help you cultivate more adaptive ways of thinking, behaving, and relating to foster a life that is rich, meaningful, and connected to what matters most to you. In sessions, I am down-to-earth and warm. My patients tell me they appreciate my deep care, insight, and thoughtful questions.
I specialize in helping individuals and couples navigate relationship problems, difficult thoughts and feelings, painful experiences, existential issues, and life changes. Together, we’ll come to a shared understanding of your concerns, and develop a balance of emotional processing, skill-building, and action to help you meet your goals. My aim is to help you cultivate more adaptive ways of thinking, behaving, and relating to foster a life that is rich, meaningful, and connected to what matters most to you. In sessions, I am down-to-earth and warm. My patients tell me they appreciate my deep care, insight, and thoughtful questions.
(202) 953-2925 View (202) 953-2925
Photo of Stephanie Lama, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, VA
Stephanie Lama
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, ERPSCC
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22209
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed Bilingual (Spanish/English) therapist who understands not only the complexities of the human experience, but also the challenges associated with addiction, relationships, and general life transitions through a multicultural and trauma-informed lens. I also believe that each person comes with a unique set of abilities that at times are underdeveloped due to fears, doubts, and insecurities that are a product of their experiences. My aim is to empower individuals by helping them realize their maximum potential through positive reinforcement, guidance, a dose of lighthearted humor, and genuine support.
I am a licensed Bilingual (Spanish/English) therapist who understands not only the complexities of the human experience, but also the challenges associated with addiction, relationships, and general life transitions through a multicultural and trauma-informed lens. I also believe that each person comes with a unique set of abilities that at times are underdeveloped due to fears, doubts, and insecurities that are a product of their experiences. My aim is to empower individuals by helping them realize their maximum potential through positive reinforcement, guidance, a dose of lighthearted humor, and genuine support.
(571) 475-9870 View (571) 475-9870
Photo of Julia Berlin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Arlington, VA
Julia Berlin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, VA 22201
I am a licensed Resident in Marriage and Family therapy. I received my Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and Marriage and Family Therapy from the College of William and Mary and my Bachelor’s degree in Psychology and Political Science from the University of South Carolina. I have experience working with individuals, families, couples, and groups. These experiences solidified my passion for working with a diverse population of families and individuals. I have experience working with military families, LGBTQ+ individuals, couples, and families, and adolescents.
I am a licensed Resident in Marriage and Family therapy. I received my Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and Marriage and Family Therapy from the College of William and Mary and my Bachelor’s degree in Psychology and Political Science from the University of South Carolina. I have experience working with individuals, families, couples, and groups. These experiences solidified my passion for working with a diverse population of families and individuals. I have experience working with military families, LGBTQ+ individuals, couples, and families, and adolescents.
(571) 621-7640 x906 View (571) 621-7640 x906
Photo of Janice E. Grose, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, VA
Janice E. Grose
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22204
Janice is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker/Career Counselor. She is certified in trauma treatment and trained in EMDR She works with post-traumatic issues of sexual/physical abuse and with adult children who grew up in homes where mental/physical illness and/or substance abuse was present Over the past 10 years, she also has provided career development services to individuals and groups as well as employees from private and corporate businesses, associations, and government agencies. She is affectionately know as the “Resume Queen” because of her keen ability to enhance resumes, showcasing each client's distinctive strengths.
Janice is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker/Career Counselor. She is certified in trauma treatment and trained in EMDR She works with post-traumatic issues of sexual/physical abuse and with adult children who grew up in homes where mental/physical illness and/or substance abuse was present Over the past 10 years, she also has provided career development services to individuals and groups as well as employees from private and corporate businesses, associations, and government agencies. She is affectionately know as the “Resume Queen” because of her keen ability to enhance resumes, showcasing each client's distinctive strengths.
(703) 957-7882 View (703) 957-7882
Photo of Lorraine Rauen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Arlington, VA
Lorraine Rauen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22201  (Online Only)
Are you feeling anxious or sad or dealing with trauma? Perhaps you are struggling with your marriage or other relationships. Do you feel concerned about your children? Or maybe life is presenting obstacles surrounding chronic illness or life transitions? I integrate a holistic approach and treatments to improve mental health and quality of life. I will listen attentively and assist you in exploring and understanding your innate self awareness. I will teach you specific ways to shift thoughts and behaviors that will calm your body and provide relief and reduction of symptoms.
Are you feeling anxious or sad or dealing with trauma? Perhaps you are struggling with your marriage or other relationships. Do you feel concerned about your children? Or maybe life is presenting obstacles surrounding chronic illness or life transitions? I integrate a holistic approach and treatments to improve mental health and quality of life. I will listen attentively and assist you in exploring and understanding your innate self awareness. I will teach you specific ways to shift thoughts and behaviors that will calm your body and provide relief and reduction of symptoms.
(703) 419-9292 View (703) 419-9292
Photo of Kacie Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, VA
Kacie Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22202
Hi there! My name is Kacie and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I enjoy meeting with individuals from all walks of life and supporting them in meeting their goals. Therapy is a very personal experience, and I work with my clients to identify strategies that are most helpful to them and their unique experiences.
Hi there! My name is Kacie and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I enjoy meeting with individuals from all walks of life and supporting them in meeting their goals. Therapy is a very personal experience, and I work with my clients to identify strategies that are most helpful to them and their unique experiences.
(571) 520-5423 View (571) 520-5423
Photo of Samuel Choura, Counselor in Arlington, VA
Samuel Choura
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22201  (Online Only)
My therapeutic identity was cultivated in my year long Clinical Hypnosis Training Program where I gained skills and insight on holistic interventions that complimented traditional therapies. Operating with an overarching theme of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, I incorporate experiential work through the application of clinical hypnosis, EMDR, and Internal Family Systems.
My therapeutic identity was cultivated in my year long Clinical Hypnosis Training Program where I gained skills and insight on holistic interventions that complimented traditional therapies. Operating with an overarching theme of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, I incorporate experiential work through the application of clinical hypnosis, EMDR, and Internal Family Systems.
(571) 545-7937 x1 View (571) 545-7937 x1
Photo of UpLift Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, VA
UpLift Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22201  (Online Only)
UpLift aims to give everyone access to affordable mental health care and build a future where a primary mental health provider is the new standard. We want everyone to experience how therapy leads to life-changing personal growth. Reaching out for help is the hardest step and UpLift strives to make it as easy as possible for those in need.
UpLift aims to give everyone access to affordable mental health care and build a future where a primary mental health provider is the new standard. We want everyone to experience how therapy leads to life-changing personal growth. Reaching out for help is the hardest step and UpLift strives to make it as easy as possible for those in need.
(571) 554-2036 View (571) 554-2036
Photo of Arnold Lavaire, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, VA
Arnold Lavaire
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22201  (Online Only)
I'm a bilingual, Hispanic-American Licensed Professional Counselor with over 12 years of experience helping couples and individuals. I believe counseling is a side-by-side journey between the counselor and the client to explore ways to grow and to gain better understanding of life circumstances, mental health illness, and family and relational struggles. I use a solution-focused approach and cognitive-behavioral interventions with a spiritual focus to help my clients reach their goals.
I'm a bilingual, Hispanic-American Licensed Professional Counselor with over 12 years of experience helping couples and individuals. I believe counseling is a side-by-side journey between the counselor and the client to explore ways to grow and to gain better understanding of life circumstances, mental health illness, and family and relational struggles. I use a solution-focused approach and cognitive-behavioral interventions with a spiritual focus to help my clients reach their goals.
(703) 844-9799 View (703) 844-9799
Photo of Denise Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, VA
Denise Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22203
Hello, my name is Denise and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia. I have been in the behavioral health field for over 28 years working with individuals and families. I have experience in many aspects of therapeutic interventions and work in a person-focused and centered approach. I utilize a relaxed, interactive communication style. My work experience spans in several areas including anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, and life transitions, and also have a subspecialty in working with individuals and their family members with Autism.
Hello, my name is Denise and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia. I have been in the behavioral health field for over 28 years working with individuals and families. I have experience in many aspects of therapeutic interventions and work in a person-focused and centered approach. I utilize a relaxed, interactive communication style. My work experience spans in several areas including anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, and life transitions, and also have a subspecialty in working with individuals and their family members with Autism.
(703) 890-5073 View (703) 890-5073
Photo of Jordan Ohanesian, Psychologist in Arlington, VA
Jordan Ohanesian
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22201
I understand that each person’s experience and background is unique and aim to provide a collaborative space where you are able to feel understood, supported, and gently challenged as you embark on your personal journey. I take an active and individualized approach to treatment, integrating interventions from a variety of theories and orientations that are best suited to your specific strengths, needs and identities. I primarily incorporate principles from psychodynamic, emotion focused, and cognitive behavioral theories, as well as utilize mindfulness-based and relational techniques.
I understand that each person’s experience and background is unique and aim to provide a collaborative space where you are able to feel understood, supported, and gently challenged as you embark on your personal journey. I take an active and individualized approach to treatment, integrating interventions from a variety of theories and orientations that are best suited to your specific strengths, needs and identities. I primarily incorporate principles from psychodynamic, emotion focused, and cognitive behavioral theories, as well as utilize mindfulness-based and relational techniques.
(703) 634-3792 x706 View (703) 634-3792 x706
Photo of Brielle Pedrick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, VA
Brielle Pedrick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-R
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22207
I enjoy working with clients on concerns related to anxiety, depression, body image, disordered eating, intimate relationships, adjustment concerns, sexuality, sexual violence and trauma. My approach to counseling is collaborative and I strive to provide a non-judgmental and accepting counseling environment.
I enjoy working with clients on concerns related to anxiety, depression, body image, disordered eating, intimate relationships, adjustment concerns, sexuality, sexual violence and trauma. My approach to counseling is collaborative and I strive to provide a non-judgmental and accepting counseling environment.
(703) 270-0531 View (703) 270-0531
Photo of Aaron M Valdes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, VA
Aaron M Valdes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22202
I have over 25 years of experience as a therapist and mental health professional in the Northern Virginia region. I specialize in child and adolescent issues and I have supported parents with skill-building throughout my career. If you are an individual struggling with day to day challenges, I can help you identify new skills and use your strengths to meet your needs. I am fully bilingual in Spanish and can conduct sessions is Spanish if preferred. For professionals seeking your VA license, I am a certified supervisor with extensive experience providing clinical supervision to meet your requirements as a Resident in Counseling.
I have over 25 years of experience as a therapist and mental health professional in the Northern Virginia region. I specialize in child and adolescent issues and I have supported parents with skill-building throughout my career. If you are an individual struggling with day to day challenges, I can help you identify new skills and use your strengths to meet your needs. I am fully bilingual in Spanish and can conduct sessions is Spanish if preferred. For professionals seeking your VA license, I am a certified supervisor with extensive experience providing clinical supervision to meet your requirements as a Resident in Counseling.
(571) 200-4668 View (571) 200-4668
Photo of Naomi Yohannes, Resident in Counseling in Arlington, VA
Naomi Yohannes
Resident in Counseling, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, VA 22206
I specialize in working with teens and young adults struggling with anxiety, depression, family relationships, difficulty with school, and understanding identity. If you (or your child) are having a hard time with friends, experiencing stress around school, or having difficulty managing the complications of life as a high school or college student, I can help. For parents, I will work with your child to identify their feelings, work through priorities, and communicate with you in a healthier and more productive way.
I specialize in working with teens and young adults struggling with anxiety, depression, family relationships, difficulty with school, and understanding identity. If you (or your child) are having a hard time with friends, experiencing stress around school, or having difficulty managing the complications of life as a high school or college student, I can help. For parents, I will work with your child to identify their feelings, work through priorities, and communicate with you in a healthier and more productive way.
(571) 462-2928 View (571) 462-2928
Photo of Andrew E. Colsky, JD, LLM, LPC, LMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, VA
Andrew E. Colsky, JD, LLM, LPC, LMHC
Licensed Professional Counselor, JD, LLM, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Arlington, VA 22202  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with OCD, Tourettes, insomnia, anxiety, phobias or trauma? These issues can be distressing and debilitating. The good news is that there are effective treatments that work relatively quickly. I am specially trained and certified to treat patients with these disorders. I use exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP) and Inference-based CBT for anxiety and OCD, CBIT for Tourettes and EMDR for trauma. I work with patients who have these disorders as well as family members and loved ones. Serving Florida & Virginia through Telehealth statewide.
Are you struggling with OCD, Tourettes, insomnia, anxiety, phobias or trauma? These issues can be distressing and debilitating. The good news is that there are effective treatments that work relatively quickly. I am specially trained and certified to treat patients with these disorders. I use exposure and response prevention therapy (ERP) and Inference-based CBT for anxiety and OCD, CBIT for Tourettes and EMDR for trauma. I work with patients who have these disorders as well as family members and loved ones. Serving Florida & Virginia through Telehealth statewide.
(703) 783-9320 View (703) 783-9320
Photo of Madalyn Laurel Humphreys-Jeffery, Licensed Professional Counselor in Arlington, VA
Madalyn Laurel Humphreys-Jeffery
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CSOTP, CSTS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, VA 22206  (Online Only)
Welcome. Through the hustle and bustle of life it is often the case that we neglect to take the time for ourselves to allow for self care let alone allow time to nurture our mental health. We sometimes forget that in order to do our best for others we must first assure that we are taking care of ourselves. My mission is to assist a wide variety of clients in working through issues such as anxiety, depression, grief, self esteem issues, and general life stressors in order to allow clients to examine and explore ways in which to live their best lives.
Welcome. Through the hustle and bustle of life it is often the case that we neglect to take the time for ourselves to allow for self care let alone allow time to nurture our mental health. We sometimes forget that in order to do our best for others we must first assure that we are taking care of ourselves. My mission is to assist a wide variety of clients in working through issues such as anxiety, depression, grief, self esteem issues, and general life stressors in order to allow clients to examine and explore ways in which to live their best lives.
(571) 536-2431 View (571) 536-2431
Photo of Jennifer Hua, Pre-Licensed Professional in Arlington, VA
Jennifer Hua
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, VA 22209
Finding help can be a lonely and emotionally heavy decision to make. Remember, you are not alone, and it will be okay. I am not here to tell you what to do but to help by being a guiding partner who is there to provide suggestions and feedback so you are able to make the right decisions. I truly believe you know yourself better than anyone, and am here to help. You are not alone in this endeavor, and I hope we find time to talk.
Finding help can be a lonely and emotionally heavy decision to make. Remember, you are not alone, and it will be okay. I am not here to tell you what to do but to help by being a guiding partner who is there to provide suggestions and feedback so you are able to make the right decisions. I truly believe you know yourself better than anyone, and am here to help. You are not alone in this endeavor, and I hope we find time to talk.
(571) 946-6237 View (571) 946-6237

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Arlington, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$173

Therapists in Arlington, VA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
91% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
65% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
58% Aetna

How Therapists in Arlington, VA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Arlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.