Therapists in Portsmouth, NH

Photo of Kate Schwaegerle, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portsmouth, NH
Kate Schwaegerle
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
As a therapist, my goal is to help my clients reach a level of self-empowerment and self-awareness, fostering a therapeutic environment that provides a sense of security while exploring the unique experiences and elements of a client's life. I strive to create a non-judgemental space in which to process difficulties and engage in self-discovery, self-acceptance, personal growth and work towards lasting change. I approach therapy with an open and collaborative mindset, recognizing that as life unfolds we face many challenges, and each person must find their own path.
As a therapist, my goal is to help my clients reach a level of self-empowerment and self-awareness, fostering a therapeutic environment that provides a sense of security while exploring the unique experiences and elements of a client's life. I strive to create a non-judgemental space in which to process difficulties and engage in self-discovery, self-acceptance, personal growth and work towards lasting change. I approach therapy with an open and collaborative mindset, recognizing that as life unfolds we face many challenges, and each person must find their own path.
(978) 712-9659 View (978) 712-9659
Photo of Lauren DeBaene, Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Lauren DeBaene
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling trapped and consumed by anxiety, disordered eating, or poor self esteem? I am a warm, compassionate and non-judgmental therapist who can help you take charge of your life again. I would feel privileged to provide you with a safe space and useful coping tools in a comfortable therapeutic setting. Intense emotions and negative intrusive thoughts often take us out of the present moment and slow our progress towards a life of freedom, purpose, and adventure. I specialize in treating individuals struggling with eating disorders, depression and anxiety disorders.
Are you feeling trapped and consumed by anxiety, disordered eating, or poor self esteem? I am a warm, compassionate and non-judgmental therapist who can help you take charge of your life again. I would feel privileged to provide you with a safe space and useful coping tools in a comfortable therapeutic setting. Intense emotions and negative intrusive thoughts often take us out of the present moment and slow our progress towards a life of freedom, purpose, and adventure. I specialize in treating individuals struggling with eating disorders, depression and anxiety disorders.
(603) 824-3868 View (603) 824-3868
Photo of Deb Heath-Barlow, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portsmouth, NH
Deb Heath-Barlow
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Waitlist for new clients
I believe we need mutual respect and trust in a therapeutic relationship. I work to build relationships that have those aspects as a foundation in our work together. I use active listening, empathy and understanding with evidence-based strategies to determine customized approaches that meet each individual's needs. I utilize a strength-based, solution focused approach in my work, identifying strengths and coping skills to be used as tools for increased success. The use of cognitive behavioral therapy is the cornerstone of my work but other modalities may come into play.
I believe we need mutual respect and trust in a therapeutic relationship. I work to build relationships that have those aspects as a foundation in our work together. I use active listening, empathy and understanding with evidence-based strategies to determine customized approaches that meet each individual's needs. I utilize a strength-based, solution focused approach in my work, identifying strengths and coping skills to be used as tools for increased success. The use of cognitive behavioral therapy is the cornerstone of my work but other modalities may come into play.
(603) 709-4758 View (603) 709-4758
Photo of Christopher W Griffith, Psychologist in Portsmouth, NH
Christopher W Griffith
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portsmouth, NH 03801
I view psychotherapy as a collaboration aimed at fostering greater self understanding while working toward personal change and symptom reduction. I strive to help my patients reach greater fulfillment in their lives by fostering understanding of the interpersonal patterns and unresolved personal, life and/or relationship issues that contribute to the challenges they face.
I view psychotherapy as a collaboration aimed at fostering greater self understanding while working toward personal change and symptom reduction. I strive to help my patients reach greater fulfillment in their lives by fostering understanding of the interpersonal patterns and unresolved personal, life and/or relationship issues that contribute to the challenges they face.
(603) 294-1703 View (603) 294-1703
Photo of Kate Lemire, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portsmouth, NH
Kate Lemire
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Currently accepting new clients! Life has a way of throwing bumps at us, and oftentimes, these bumps have the ability to negatively impact our mental health. My primary goal is to build trust and safety so that I can support you, your child, or your family as you navigate these obstacles in a safe space.
Currently accepting new clients! Life has a way of throwing bumps at us, and oftentimes, these bumps have the ability to negatively impact our mental health. My primary goal is to build trust and safety so that I can support you, your child, or your family as you navigate these obstacles in a safe space.
(833) 657-0325 View (833) 657-0325
Photo of Peg Correia, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Peg Correia
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MEd, MLADC, CCFC, CCDVC
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Waitlist for new clients
Offering EMDR therapy in person or online. Ketamine Assisted Therapy in person. I am an EMDR therapist who specializes in working with clients who are struggling with issues such as trauma (sexual abuse, family violence, combat trauma, accidents, natural disasters), attachment and/or addiction. I am an EMDRIA Approved Consultant. I provide groups and individual services for therapists wanting to enhance their EMDR therapy practice both on-line and in person. Other areas of expertise include Substance Use Disorders.
Offering EMDR therapy in person or online. Ketamine Assisted Therapy in person. I am an EMDR therapist who specializes in working with clients who are struggling with issues such as trauma (sexual abuse, family violence, combat trauma, accidents, natural disasters), attachment and/or addiction. I am an EMDRIA Approved Consultant. I provide groups and individual services for therapists wanting to enhance their EMDR therapy practice both on-line and in person. Other areas of expertise include Substance Use Disorders.
(603) 718-3945 View (603) 718-3945
Photo of Andrea Kelley Counseling, LLC, Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Andrea Kelley Counseling, LLC
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801  (Online Only)
If you are here, it’s likely because you are in some state of struggle. Perhaps you are considering therapy for the first time and you are uncertain what to expect. Or maybe you are returning to therapy with a different purpose or goal. In either case, it’s not uncommon to feel overwhelmed, uncomfortable, stuck or even defeated. However distressing your struggle may be, I suspect there is also a sense of hope… a feeling or wish that things could be better. That hope is part of your innate human drive to get to a better place even when faced with enormous adversity.
If you are here, it’s likely because you are in some state of struggle. Perhaps you are considering therapy for the first time and you are uncertain what to expect. Or maybe you are returning to therapy with a different purpose or goal. In either case, it’s not uncommon to feel overwhelmed, uncomfortable, stuck or even defeated. However distressing your struggle may be, I suspect there is also a sense of hope… a feeling or wish that things could be better. That hope is part of your innate human drive to get to a better place even when faced with enormous adversity.
(833) 442-4896 View (833) 442-4896
Photo of Cheryl Withka, Psychologist in Portsmouth, NH
Cheryl Withka
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Welcome! I am a licensed clinical psychologist and certified school psychologist with over twenty years of experience. I work primarily with children, adolescents and young adults. I draw from a variety of treatment approaches based on the needs and strengths of each individual including CBT, DBT, social skills training, psychodynamic psychotherapy, play therapy and brief therapeutic interventions. I believe in working collaboratively with clients and helping them identify and utilize their strengths.
Welcome! I am a licensed clinical psychologist and certified school psychologist with over twenty years of experience. I work primarily with children, adolescents and young adults. I draw from a variety of treatment approaches based on the needs and strengths of each individual including CBT, DBT, social skills training, psychodynamic psychotherapy, play therapy and brief therapeutic interventions. I believe in working collaboratively with clients and helping them identify and utilize their strengths.
(603) 821-0583 View (603) 821-0583
Photo of Amanda Rose Hitchings, Psychologist in Portsmouth, NH
Amanda Rose Hitchings
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801  (Online Only)
I am Rose, a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in women's health and gender affirming care. Additionally I am a doula with specific training in Birth Story Listening. My small telemedicine practice services NH, VT, and UT. My therapy style integrates modern CBT and positive psychology approaches. Together we explore the relationship between our mental health and physical health and the ways they affect each other. New meaning and acceptance will arise. My heart is in the creative consultation practice, exploring the unique way we can foster resiliency throughout our development.
I am Rose, a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in women's health and gender affirming care. Additionally I am a doula with specific training in Birth Story Listening. My small telemedicine practice services NH, VT, and UT. My therapy style integrates modern CBT and positive psychology approaches. Together we explore the relationship between our mental health and physical health and the ways they affect each other. New meaning and acceptance will arise. My heart is in the creative consultation practice, exploring the unique way we can foster resiliency throughout our development.
(603) 945-5925 View (603) 945-5925
Photo of Laurie A. Couture, Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Laurie A. Couture
Counselor, MEd, LCMHC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Welcome! I’m a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and EMDR clinician who specializes in treating childhood developmental trauma and attachment challenges in children and youths ages toddler to age 22 with their parents or guardians involved in the treatment. I provide both teletherapy and in-person therapy sessions for children, youths, and their parents, as well as parenting group workshops, parent and professional consulting, and trainings for professionals.
Welcome! I’m a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and EMDR clinician who specializes in treating childhood developmental trauma and attachment challenges in children and youths ages toddler to age 22 with their parents or guardians involved in the treatment. I provide both teletherapy and in-person therapy sessions for children, youths, and their parents, as well as parenting group workshops, parent and professional consulting, and trainings for professionals.
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Photo of Serenity Counseling PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portsmouth, NH
Serenity Counseling PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, grief, challenging relationships that affect your day-to-day life, ability to function at home or work? Do you feel exhausted/ overwhelmed by what it means to live up to someone else’s standards, getting through the day, completing household tasks, or responding to text messages? Do you question if relationships or ability to function day to day could feel easier? Now more than ever people are feeling overwhelmed about overcoming difficult relationships, working through a loss, or finding their place in life.
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, grief, challenging relationships that affect your day-to-day life, ability to function at home or work? Do you feel exhausted/ overwhelmed by what it means to live up to someone else’s standards, getting through the day, completing household tasks, or responding to text messages? Do you question if relationships or ability to function day to day could feel easier? Now more than ever people are feeling overwhelmed about overcoming difficult relationships, working through a loss, or finding their place in life.
(603) 828-2991 View (603) 828-2991
Photo of Joshua S Hagar, Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Joshua S Hagar
Counselor, MS, LCPC, LCMHC, MLADC
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, My name is Josh Hagar. I am a multi-licensed Mental Health Counselor (ME & NH) and Master's Level - Licensed Drug & Alcohol Counselor (NH) committed to helping those in need learn how to identify unhelpful thought patterns and behaviors. My work focuses on a progress based approach utilizing interventions that fit your specific needs. I believe in taking a collaborative path to helping clients reach their goals. I’m passionate about working with diverse clientele. My specialties include extensive work with addiction/alcoholism treatment, family issues, LGBTQIA+ challenges, and co-occurring disorders.
Hello, My name is Josh Hagar. I am a multi-licensed Mental Health Counselor (ME & NH) and Master's Level - Licensed Drug & Alcohol Counselor (NH) committed to helping those in need learn how to identify unhelpful thought patterns and behaviors. My work focuses on a progress based approach utilizing interventions that fit your specific needs. I believe in taking a collaborative path to helping clients reach their goals. I’m passionate about working with diverse clientele. My specialties include extensive work with addiction/alcoholism treatment, family issues, LGBTQIA+ challenges, and co-occurring disorders.
(603) 932-4652 View (603) 932-4652
Photo of Wendy Quinn, Psychologist in Portsmouth, NH
Wendy Quinn
Psychologist, PsyD, LADC, ADTR
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
During this medical crisis, Dr. Quinn is providing TelePsychology through a secure web portal. With thirty-five years of experience in the field of mental health, Dr. Quinn specializes in the effective treatment of eating disorders, addictions & trauma through individual, couples & family therapy for adults, children and adolescents. In treating clients with eating disorders, Dr. Quinn works closely with families, primary care physicians, psychiatrists and inpatient facilities to coordinate treatment. Dr. Quinn also incorporates expressive therapies (art & movement) with verbal therapy to access inner pain and promote deep healing.
During this medical crisis, Dr. Quinn is providing TelePsychology through a secure web portal. With thirty-five years of experience in the field of mental health, Dr. Quinn specializes in the effective treatment of eating disorders, addictions & trauma through individual, couples & family therapy for adults, children and adolescents. In treating clients with eating disorders, Dr. Quinn works closely with families, primary care physicians, psychiatrists and inpatient facilities to coordinate treatment. Dr. Quinn also incorporates expressive therapies (art & movement) with verbal therapy to access inner pain and promote deep healing.
(603) 685-3145 View (603) 685-3145
Audrey LaBarre
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Are you feeling overwhelmed with life right now? Could you use better coping skills to manage life transitions, whether it is relationship issues, parenting stress, body image/confidence problems, financial stress, or work changes? I would like to help you develop coping skills that can help you better manage stress, anxiety or depressive symptoms. As a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker, my goal is to help individuals, couples and families learn strategies for managing life stressors in order to increase their quality of life. Therapy is a collaborative effort that takes reflection, awareness, creativity and strength.
Are you feeling overwhelmed with life right now? Could you use better coping skills to manage life transitions, whether it is relationship issues, parenting stress, body image/confidence problems, financial stress, or work changes? I would like to help you develop coping skills that can help you better manage stress, anxiety or depressive symptoms. As a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker, my goal is to help individuals, couples and families learn strategies for managing life stressors in order to increase their quality of life. Therapy is a collaborative effort that takes reflection, awareness, creativity and strength.
(603) 727-4293 View (603) 727-4293
Photo of Sandra Yarne, Psychologist in Portsmouth, NH
Sandra Yarne
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
I work best with individuals who prefer a therapist to be interactive and collaborative. I strive to support you emotionally and challenge you to experiment with new ways of thinking and behaving which increase happiness and life satisfaction. The nature of your presenting problem can vary from a recent disruption in a significant relationship to life-long difficulties with anxiety, depression, mood swings or childhood trauma. All these problems can be helped with self understanding and acceptance along with specific behavioral interventions to ease your pain and suffering.
I work best with individuals who prefer a therapist to be interactive and collaborative. I strive to support you emotionally and challenge you to experiment with new ways of thinking and behaving which increase happiness and life satisfaction. The nature of your presenting problem can vary from a recent disruption in a significant relationship to life-long difficulties with anxiety, depression, mood swings or childhood trauma. All these problems can be helped with self understanding and acceptance along with specific behavioral interventions to ease your pain and suffering.
(603) 685-3062 View (603) 685-3062
Photo of Michelle Houle, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Michelle Houle
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MLADC
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
I'm so glad that you took the step to find a therapist to help you in your struggles! Life can be hectic and overwhelming and when you're struggling with issues such as trauma, depression, anxiety, separation/divorce, substances, issues with your children, the overwhelming feelings can feel like too much. I'm here to help you in dealing with these struggles. You don't have to continue to carry these issues alone.
I'm so glad that you took the step to find a therapist to help you in your struggles! Life can be hectic and overwhelming and when you're struggling with issues such as trauma, depression, anxiety, separation/divorce, substances, issues with your children, the overwhelming feelings can feel like too much. I'm here to help you in dealing with these struggles. You don't have to continue to carry these issues alone.
(508) 928-4190 View (508) 928-4190
Photo of Adrienne Cress, Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Adrienne Cress
Counselor, LCMHC, REAT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Life is not always an easy road to navigate and sometimes we need a guide to help us find our way again. In my work I enjoy helping my clients heal the blocks to the true authentic Self. Our fears, wounds, self-criticisms and identity issues are not who we are, but we must resolve them before we can live the life that is waiting to be ours.
Life is not always an easy road to navigate and sometimes we need a guide to help us find our way again. In my work I enjoy helping my clients heal the blocks to the true authentic Self. Our fears, wounds, self-criticisms and identity issues are not who we are, but we must resolve them before we can live the life that is waiting to be ours.
(603) 787-5179 View (603) 787-5179
Photo of Tracy Hutch, Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Tracy Hutch
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Does anxiety, depression, fear or anger get in the way of you having the type of life that you want? Do you find yourself wanting to move forward in your life, but your not sure what steps to take. It would be my pleasure to help you to make positive changes in your life that will lead to you feeling more fulfilled.
Does anxiety, depression, fear or anger get in the way of you having the type of life that you want? Do you find yourself wanting to move forward in your life, but your not sure what steps to take. It would be my pleasure to help you to make positive changes in your life that will lead to you feeling more fulfilled.
(603) 697-7279 View (603) 697-7279
Photo of Rebecca L Richards, Psychologist in Portsmouth, NH
Rebecca L Richards
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Dr. Rebecca L. Richards is a Psychologist in New Hampshire who has been practicing since 2015. Dr. Richards specializes in adult and geriatric neuropsychology. She completed undergraduate training in psychology at Plymouth State University and went on to earn graduate degrees, a Master of Science (MS) and Doctor of Psychology (PsyD), in clinical psychology from Antioch University New England. She completed specialty training in neuropsychology during her clinical internship at Dartmouth Medical School, followed by a two-year postdoctoral residency at the VA Maine Healthcare System.
Dr. Rebecca L. Richards is a Psychologist in New Hampshire who has been practicing since 2015. Dr. Richards specializes in adult and geriatric neuropsychology. She completed undergraduate training in psychology at Plymouth State University and went on to earn graduate degrees, a Master of Science (MS) and Doctor of Psychology (PsyD), in clinical psychology from Antioch University New England. She completed specialty training in neuropsychology during her clinical internship at Dartmouth Medical School, followed by a two-year postdoctoral residency at the VA Maine Healthcare System.
(603) 803-6519 View (603) 803-6519
Photo of Charlene Curtis LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portsmouth, NH
Charlene Curtis LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
I see clients of all ages with a variety of needs, my current practice is approximately 50/50 with adults and children who are struggling with anxiety, issues of adjustment, general emotional discomfort, and children with behavioral concerns. In my practice with children, I work closely with parents. I work to develop a comfortable rapport focusing on strengths and supports available to your child. I begin the process by meeting with both parents so that I may learn about your child through your eyes and better understand how the concerns are impacting your child.
I see clients of all ages with a variety of needs, my current practice is approximately 50/50 with adults and children who are struggling with anxiety, issues of adjustment, general emotional discomfort, and children with behavioral concerns. In my practice with children, I work closely with parents. I work to develop a comfortable rapport focusing on strengths and supports available to your child. I begin the process by meeting with both parents so that I may learn about your child through your eyes and better understand how the concerns are impacting your child.
(603) 801-8404 View (603) 801-8404

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portsmouth, NH

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Portsmouth, NH who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills
64% Stress
62% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
58% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Portsmouth, NH see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portsmouth?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.