Therapists in Newton, MA

Photo of Nik Zanetti, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Nik Zanetti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MTS, PhD
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02467  (Online Only)
My ideal client is a male of any age interested in changing patterns keeping him stuck in his life, someone ready to do the tough work of honest self-assessment as preparation for meaningful change. My approach is strengths-based and solutions-focused with a goal of mobilizing clients to imagine and then pursue positive and exciting change. I have extensive experience working with gifted people and elite performers across different industries, both as a teacher and a clinician. I also work well with executives focused on career building, developing relationships, and managing work-life balance.
My ideal client is a male of any age interested in changing patterns keeping him stuck in his life, someone ready to do the tough work of honest self-assessment as preparation for meaningful change. My approach is strengths-based and solutions-focused with a goal of mobilizing clients to imagine and then pursue positive and exciting change. I have extensive experience working with gifted people and elite performers across different industries, both as a teacher and a clinician. I also work well with executives focused on career building, developing relationships, and managing work-life balance.
(617) 958-2253 View (617) 958-2253
Photo of Carrie Pekor Jasper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Carrie Pekor Jasper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSEd, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Newton, MA 02459  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Separation and divorce often present families with significant challenges. I provide specialized therapeutic services which can help children and parents to navigate these transitions.
Separation and divorce often present families with significant challenges. I provide specialized therapeutic services which can help children and parents to navigate these transitions.
(617) 764-9504 View (617) 764-9504
Photo of Israela Holtzman - Psychotherapy, Counselor in Newton, MA
Israela Holtzman - Psychotherapy
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02459
I work with couples and individuals who are going through a difficult time, and/or looking to make a positive change in their life. My areas of expertise include: Couple Counseling, Relationships, Anxiety and Panic disorders, depression and mood disorders. I want to help you create the kind of life you want, your life can be changed! I individualize my intervention to your needs, using different psychological approaches.
I work with couples and individuals who are going through a difficult time, and/or looking to make a positive change in their life. My areas of expertise include: Couple Counseling, Relationships, Anxiety and Panic disorders, depression and mood disorders. I want to help you create the kind of life you want, your life can be changed! I individualize my intervention to your needs, using different psychological approaches.
(781) 304-8668 View (781) 304-8668
Photo of Rachael Wilcox- Rolniak, Counselor in Newton, MA
Rachael Wilcox- Rolniak
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02459  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience working with Neuro Diverse populations including ADHD, Autism/ Aspergers/ ASD, and developmental disabilities. I have also helped people struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, anger management, relationships, bereavement, and life changes. I work with a variety of age groups ranging from 13 years to social seniors. I have helped clients in their late teens and early 20's manage transitions into adulthood, and face other life changes. I have helped working adults manage employment stress, relationship and other difficulties.
I have extensive experience working with Neuro Diverse populations including ADHD, Autism/ Aspergers/ ASD, and developmental disabilities. I have also helped people struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, anger management, relationships, bereavement, and life changes. I work with a variety of age groups ranging from 13 years to social seniors. I have helped clients in their late teens and early 20's manage transitions into adulthood, and face other life changes. I have helped working adults manage employment stress, relationship and other difficulties.
(617) 207-0327 View (617) 207-0327
Photo of Carly Ruttner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Carly Ruttner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Newton, MA 02460
It can feel overwhelming to be proactive about making positive changes in our lives. Everyone has their own complicated life circumstances related to family, work, relationships, and mental and spiritual well being. Therapy can be an essential tool to work to un-complicate these circumstances and focus on making happiness and wellness a daily priority. When we feel overwhelmed with worry or that it's impossible to accomplish daily tasks we feel powerless. I have been in this field for over 10 years and can provide a supportive and empathic environment in which we can work together on specific goals and changes for your life.
It can feel overwhelming to be proactive about making positive changes in our lives. Everyone has their own complicated life circumstances related to family, work, relationships, and mental and spiritual well being. Therapy can be an essential tool to work to un-complicate these circumstances and focus on making happiness and wellness a daily priority. When we feel overwhelmed with worry or that it's impossible to accomplish daily tasks we feel powerless. I have been in this field for over 10 years and can provide a supportive and empathic environment in which we can work together on specific goals and changes for your life.
(617) 544-3293 View (617) 544-3293
Photo of Sherry Moss, Counselor in Newton, MA
Sherry Moss
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02468
I've practiced psychotherapy for over thirty-five years. Currently I work both with individual adults and with couples. When you first meet with me, I will want to understand what brings you to therapy. My style is interactive, and I believe that it is through the safety of the therapeutic relationship, that goals can be met and change can occur. Though trained psychodynamically, I am comfortable working in a variety of psychotherapeutic modalities. When long-term yearnings go unfulfilled, when we encounter inevitable disappointments; when life jolts us internally or externally; when relationships seem difficult, therapy can be enormously helpful.
I've practiced psychotherapy for over thirty-five years. Currently I work both with individual adults and with couples. When you first meet with me, I will want to understand what brings you to therapy. My style is interactive, and I believe that it is through the safety of the therapeutic relationship, that goals can be met and change can occur. Though trained psychodynamically, I am comfortable working in a variety of psychotherapeutic modalities. When long-term yearnings go unfulfilled, when we encounter inevitable disappointments; when life jolts us internally or externally; when relationships seem difficult, therapy can be enormously helpful.
(617) 393-5838 View (617) 393-5838
Photo of Vivian Rivera, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Vivian Rivera
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02466  (Online Only)
If you are in the process of deciding to begin therapy, welcome! Making this decision to engage with therapy and navigate the system of mental health services can be challenging. I am a licensed independent social worker who practices in Massachusetts. I have been in the field for over thirty years and have had the privilege of working with children, adolescents, and adults from diverse backgrounds (varying by race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic background). I work to create a safe space for my clients to express themselves, share their life stories, process experiences, and learn useful coping skills.
If you are in the process of deciding to begin therapy, welcome! Making this decision to engage with therapy and navigate the system of mental health services can be challenging. I am a licensed independent social worker who practices in Massachusetts. I have been in the field for over thirty years and have had the privilege of working with children, adolescents, and adults from diverse backgrounds (varying by race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic background). I work to create a safe space for my clients to express themselves, share their life stories, process experiences, and learn useful coping skills.
(617) 404-4651 View (617) 404-4651
Photo of Amy K Friedman, Psychologist in Newton, MA
Amy K Friedman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02461
I am warm, authentic, dynamic, and connective, and I believe in meaning-making and healing through relationship. I also believe in the balance of holding what's challenging or traumatic, while looking at possibilities for growth and change. I truly love the work that I do, providing holding, healing, and transformation in a safe and natural way. Come meet me for a free sample session, and see what possibilities we might explore together. My contact information is (617) 935 - 9116. I look forward to hopefully meeting with you.
I am warm, authentic, dynamic, and connective, and I believe in meaning-making and healing through relationship. I also believe in the balance of holding what's challenging or traumatic, while looking at possibilities for growth and change. I truly love the work that I do, providing holding, healing, and transformation in a safe and natural way. Come meet me for a free sample session, and see what possibilities we might explore together. My contact information is (617) 935 - 9116. I look forward to hopefully meeting with you.
(617) 379-0441 View (617) 379-0441
Photo of Matthew Friend, Pre-Licensed Professional in Newton, MA
Matthew Friend
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02464
I provide a strengths-based approach to therapy and utilize evidence-based modalities including Person-Centered, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. I specialize in working with young to older adults and couples experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem, substance and relationship issues. I have years of experience providing therapy to a diverse range of individuals w/ demonstrated ability to effect personal growth for clients
I provide a strengths-based approach to therapy and utilize evidence-based modalities including Person-Centered, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. I specialize in working with young to older adults and couples experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem, substance and relationship issues. I have years of experience providing therapy to a diverse range of individuals w/ demonstrated ability to effect personal growth for clients
(617) 934-3577 View (617) 934-3577
Photo of Kendra Holmgren, Counselor in Newton, MA
Kendra Holmgren
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Newton, MA 02468  (Online Only)
Whether it be social or emotional struggles, challenging behaviors, trouble relating to others in positive ways, or working through fears, depression, stress, trauma, or a family crisis, I meet every child and their family where they are at. I use a strength-based approach and interactive, hands-on, and creative interventions, including play and expressive arts, in addition to talk that allow kids to communicate freely, naturally, and in ways that build confidence and a sense of mastery over their struggles.
Whether it be social or emotional struggles, challenging behaviors, trouble relating to others in positive ways, or working through fears, depression, stress, trauma, or a family crisis, I meet every child and their family where they are at. I use a strength-based approach and interactive, hands-on, and creative interventions, including play and expressive arts, in addition to talk that allow kids to communicate freely, naturally, and in ways that build confidence and a sense of mastery over their struggles.
(617) 356-0247 View (617) 356-0247
Photo of Patricia Cucci, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Patricia Cucci
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02461
I specialize in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD/ADD) and anxiety disorders in adults and adolescents. My clinical work focuses on helping my clients develop behavioral strategies, learn stress-management skills, deal effectively with difficult emotions and strengthen their relationships. Therapy can help you feel more self-confident, change patterns of negative thinking and feel less stressed. My therapeutic style is active, warm and engaged as I help clients change the habits that are getting in their way.
I specialize in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD/ADD) and anxiety disorders in adults and adolescents. My clinical work focuses on helping my clients develop behavioral strategies, learn stress-management skills, deal effectively with difficult emotions and strengthen their relationships. Therapy can help you feel more self-confident, change patterns of negative thinking and feel less stressed. My therapeutic style is active, warm and engaged as I help clients change the habits that are getting in their way.
(617) 274-8401 View (617) 274-8401
Photo of Dr. Jeanne Choe-Arrieta, Psychologist in Newton, MA
Dr. Jeanne Choe-Arrieta
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02459
I have over 10 years of therapy experience helping clients with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, conflicts around cultural identity, life transitions, and academic and career struggles. I work pragmatically and collaboratively with clients while providing a warm, welcoming, culturally-sensitive, and interactive psychotherapy space. In a collaborative manner, we explore patterns of thinking, feeling, relating, and behavior that contribute to unfulfilling relationships and struggles at home, school, or work. We work together toward making emotional and behavioral shifts that lead to increased purpose and fulfillment.
I have over 10 years of therapy experience helping clients with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, conflicts around cultural identity, life transitions, and academic and career struggles. I work pragmatically and collaboratively with clients while providing a warm, welcoming, culturally-sensitive, and interactive psychotherapy space. In a collaborative manner, we explore patterns of thinking, feeling, relating, and behavior that contribute to unfulfilling relationships and struggles at home, school, or work. We work together toward making emotional and behavioral shifts that lead to increased purpose and fulfillment.
(617) 944-2485 View (617) 944-2485
Photo of Elana Schlesinger November, Psychologist in Newton, MA
Elana Schlesinger November
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newton, MA 02459
I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience. My specialties include Child, Adolescent, Adult, and Family Psychotherapy, Parent Consultation, Couples Therapy, and Special Education and 504 Plan Consultation. Through providing a supportive, connected, compassionate environment for my clients, people find the strength to directly explore their struggles and carve a path toward greater calm, happiness, understanding, and acceptance.
I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience. My specialties include Child, Adolescent, Adult, and Family Psychotherapy, Parent Consultation, Couples Therapy, and Special Education and 504 Plan Consultation. Through providing a supportive, connected, compassionate environment for my clients, people find the strength to directly explore their struggles and carve a path toward greater calm, happiness, understanding, and acceptance.
(617) 785-5219 View (617) 785-5219
Photo of Hua Ou, Counselor in Newton, MA
Hua Ou
Counselor, LMHC, MA, MS
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02461
Welcome to Grace Counseling, Hua Ou's private practice. You are unique and gifted with many strengths and experiences. In Grace Counseling, you are genuinely accepted as who you are, and empowered to achieve restoration and healing.
Welcome to Grace Counseling, Hua Ou's private practice. You are unique and gifted with many strengths and experiences. In Grace Counseling, you are genuinely accepted as who you are, and empowered to achieve restoration and healing.
(617) 275-4873 View (617) 275-4873
Photo of Erin Kuehn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Erin Kuehn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CAGS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newton, MA 02459  (Online Only)
Hi! I hope that you find this information helpful. Cultivating health, healing & change guides my work as a clinical social worker. As your therapist, I can provide you with a supportive & collaborative partnership to help with your current circumstances & propel you toward your goals. Through connection and compassion, you will be able to increase your self-awareness & make choices about how you want to respond to your experiences. Using various resources & strategies, you will be an active participant in your treatment and develop the skills you need to provide yourself with effective self-care.
Hi! I hope that you find this information helpful. Cultivating health, healing & change guides my work as a clinical social worker. As your therapist, I can provide you with a supportive & collaborative partnership to help with your current circumstances & propel you toward your goals. Through connection and compassion, you will be able to increase your self-awareness & make choices about how you want to respond to your experiences. Using various resources & strategies, you will be an active participant in your treatment and develop the skills you need to provide yourself with effective self-care.
(617) 663-8814 View (617) 663-8814
Photo of Kathryn Keane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Kathryn Keane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02466
I am an independently licensed clinical therapist who works, adolescents, young adults, and adults to improve their mental health and wellbeing. As a trauma certified clinician, I have expertise in working with individuals who have been impacted by trauma and adversity, as well as individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, difficult life transitions, women’s issues, LGBTQIA+ individuals, general life stressors, and other mental health needs.
I am an independently licensed clinical therapist who works, adolescents, young adults, and adults to improve their mental health and wellbeing. As a trauma certified clinician, I have expertise in working with individuals who have been impacted by trauma and adversity, as well as individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, difficult life transitions, women’s issues, LGBTQIA+ individuals, general life stressors, and other mental health needs.
(617) 917-2946 View (617) 917-2946
Photo of Center for Cognitive Testing, Psychologist in Newton, MA
Center for Cognitive Testing
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02468
If you're struggling to keep up, feeling scattered, or just always sensed you were different, you might be right. Dr. Patt specializes in assessments that help you understand how your brain works. Whether you suspect ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), or something else, these evaluations provide insight. It's about more than getting a diagnosis; Dr. Patt's goal is to empower you with a clear picture of your unique strengths, pinpoint any challenges, and develop targeted strategies for success. She also has extensive experience working in memory research and diagnosing functioning while providing insights.
If you're struggling to keep up, feeling scattered, or just always sensed you were different, you might be right. Dr. Patt specializes in assessments that help you understand how your brain works. Whether you suspect ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), or something else, these evaluations provide insight. It's about more than getting a diagnosis; Dr. Patt's goal is to empower you with a clear picture of your unique strengths, pinpoint any challenges, and develop targeted strategies for success. She also has extensive experience working in memory research and diagnosing functioning while providing insights.
(617) 766-1805 View (617) 766-1805
Photo of Philip M Jackson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Philip M Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02461
I specialize in working with clients who have ADHD, Depression, Anxiety, PTSD. I collaborate in developing goals of treatment and help clients identify, understand and address both current struggles and the childhood roots of these struggles. This approach is especially helpful to clients who had difficult, invalidating or traumatic childhoods. I help clients: to be compassionate with themselves, to honor yet process difficult emotions, and to change behaviors. I work best with clients: who want self understanding, who appreciate a thoughtful, safe space, and, who are willing to do the work to make these changes happen.
I specialize in working with clients who have ADHD, Depression, Anxiety, PTSD. I collaborate in developing goals of treatment and help clients identify, understand and address both current struggles and the childhood roots of these struggles. This approach is especially helpful to clients who had difficult, invalidating or traumatic childhoods. I help clients: to be compassionate with themselves, to honor yet process difficult emotions, and to change behaviors. I work best with clients: who want self understanding, who appreciate a thoughtful, safe space, and, who are willing to do the work to make these changes happen.
(617) 553-6502 View (617) 553-6502
Photo of David A. Perna, PhD, Psychologist in Newton, MA
David A. Perna, PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02458
I work with children, adolescents, and adults who have often had unsuccessful prior treatment experiences. They feel that my knowledge and holistic approach to treatment will provide them with a healthier pathway forward in their life. Although I have a depth of experience to share with my patients I value learning from them on a daily basis. To facilitate change I employ a range of focused DBT and CBT strategies that I also teach to younger clinicians who train with my practice. I have maintained a professional home for 30 years at Harvard Medical School where I serve as a Part-Time Lecturer in the Department of Psychiatry.
I work with children, adolescents, and adults who have often had unsuccessful prior treatment experiences. They feel that my knowledge and holistic approach to treatment will provide them with a healthier pathway forward in their life. Although I have a depth of experience to share with my patients I value learning from them on a daily basis. To facilitate change I employ a range of focused DBT and CBT strategies that I also teach to younger clinicians who train with my practice. I have maintained a professional home for 30 years at Harvard Medical School where I serve as a Part-Time Lecturer in the Department of Psychiatry.
(617) 762-5419 View (617) 762-5419
Photo of Marcia Fontes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Newton, MA
Marcia Fontes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Newton, MA 02458  (Online Only)
I am passionate about fostering personal growth and development by helping others overcome challenges in different phases of their lives. I believe that every person can improve their mental health. As a result, I have dedicated my career to assisting people in revealing their capabilities, assessing their strengths, and building new skills to overcome their mental health challenges. I am licensed and clinically trained bilingual psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience in Brazil and the United States. I work across various settings, including crisis intervention, pediatric primary care clinics, and structured outpatient.
I am passionate about fostering personal growth and development by helping others overcome challenges in different phases of their lives. I believe that every person can improve their mental health. As a result, I have dedicated my career to assisting people in revealing their capabilities, assessing their strengths, and building new skills to overcome their mental health challenges. I am licensed and clinically trained bilingual psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience in Brazil and the United States. I work across various settings, including crisis intervention, pediatric primary care clinics, and structured outpatient.
(857) 366-4500 View (857) 366-4500

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Newton, MA

700+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Newton, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress
59% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
42% Optum
41% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Newton, MA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Newton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.