Therapists in Fairfax, VA

Photo of Luisa Vargas, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fairfax, VA
Luisa Vargas
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
Not accepting new clients
As an art therapist, I believe in the healing process that comes from art-making. I first meet with my client(s) to determine their goals for working together. Then, I engage my client(s) in the creative process. As an Art Therapy, I provide support, encouragement, and a safe space for the creative process to take place. After the artmaking, I encourage my clients to share their experiences and artwork, while I guide them in the process of self-discovery. I have experience working with acculturation, trauma (PTSD), behavioral issues, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anxiety disorder, stress, and depression.
As an art therapist, I believe in the healing process that comes from art-making. I first meet with my client(s) to determine their goals for working together. Then, I engage my client(s) in the creative process. As an Art Therapy, I provide support, encouragement, and a safe space for the creative process to take place. After the artmaking, I encourage my clients to share their experiences and artwork, while I guide them in the process of self-discovery. I have experience working with acculturation, trauma (PTSD), behavioral issues, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anxiety disorder, stress, and depression.
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Photo of Deborah O'Brien, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Deborah O'Brien
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22031
Are you or your family going through a tough time? Are behaviors or situations becoming unmanageable? In my office you will find a safe, nonjudgmental response to dealing with the complexities of your life. The aim is to address painful crisis and move toward developing coping strategies to increase peace & the happiness you deserve. My treatment approach is to help with solutions. Individual therapy, play therapy, parent support, and academic consultation is what I provide. In my practice I work with children, adolescents, and adults. There are several therapists in the office who can assist if I am booked.
Are you or your family going through a tough time? Are behaviors or situations becoming unmanageable? In my office you will find a safe, nonjudgmental response to dealing with the complexities of your life. The aim is to address painful crisis and move toward developing coping strategies to increase peace & the happiness you deserve. My treatment approach is to help with solutions. Individual therapy, play therapy, parent support, and academic consultation is what I provide. In my practice I work with children, adolescents, and adults. There are several therapists in the office who can assist if I am booked.
(703) 791-9908 x1 View (703) 791-9908 x1
Photo of Mary Baker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Mary Baker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Couples counseling is my specialties and what I do almost exclusively. I've trained under renowned family therapist Louise Guerney in order to provide the most successful and practical relationship and/or parental enhancement possible for you as a couple. Often this doesn't require many years of therapy. What I tell couples all the time is this, "what may seem hopeless at the beginning is actually very changeable." I utilize a positive, values-driven approach to help couples create a relationship where both partners feel honored and respected.
Couples counseling is my specialties and what I do almost exclusively. I've trained under renowned family therapist Louise Guerney in order to provide the most successful and practical relationship and/or parental enhancement possible for you as a couple. Often this doesn't require many years of therapy. What I tell couples all the time is this, "what may seem hopeless at the beginning is actually very changeable." I utilize a positive, values-driven approach to help couples create a relationship where both partners feel honored and respected.
(240) 696-4549 View (240) 696-4549
Photo of Maria Perozzi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Maria Perozzi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have over 15 years of experience providing outpatient therapy for adults, couples, and families. My approach incorporates a variety of theoretical perspectives to fully understand each person’s unique challenges. With a warm and inviting style, I take an open and direct approach as I help you identify and reach your goals. My goal is to empower you toward change with compassion and gentle direction. As an LMFT, I am passionate about helping clients work on their relationships, whether that relationship is with your partner, your family, your friends, or even yourself.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have over 15 years of experience providing outpatient therapy for adults, couples, and families. My approach incorporates a variety of theoretical perspectives to fully understand each person’s unique challenges. With a warm and inviting style, I take an open and direct approach as I help you identify and reach your goals. My goal is to empower you toward change with compassion and gentle direction. As an LMFT, I am passionate about helping clients work on their relationships, whether that relationship is with your partner, your family, your friends, or even yourself.
(571) 454-9819 View (571) 454-9819
Photo of Yuko C Constas, Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy in Fairfax, VA
Yuko C Constas
Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy, MSMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be challenging. Perhaps you are feeling stuck in your marital or relational issues. Maybe, you are feeling hopeless after the loss of a loved one or job. When you need help and direction most, therapy can guide you through challenges. I believe that anyone can excel with sufficient guidance and support. My areas of concentration are couples’ issues, family conflicts, life transitions, self-esteem, trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, emotional healing, spiritual issues, and more. Also, I use EMDR to help you with trauma and childhood experiences.
Life can be challenging. Perhaps you are feeling stuck in your marital or relational issues. Maybe, you are feeling hopeless after the loss of a loved one or job. When you need help and direction most, therapy can guide you through challenges. I believe that anyone can excel with sufficient guidance and support. My areas of concentration are couples’ issues, family conflicts, life transitions, self-esteem, trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, emotional healing, spiritual issues, and more. Also, I use EMDR to help you with trauma and childhood experiences.
(571) 200-4860 View (571) 200-4860
Photo of Mirna Quiroga, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Mirna Quiroga
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
I am a bilingual licensed therapist who enjoys working with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. I strive to provide a non-judgmental, safe therapeutic place where we can explore your fears, thoughts and feelings. I will support you in therapy to best meet your goals and dreams.
I am a bilingual licensed therapist who enjoys working with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. I strive to provide a non-judgmental, safe therapeutic place where we can explore your fears, thoughts and feelings. I will support you in therapy to best meet your goals and dreams.
(571) 556-9124 View (571) 556-9124
Photo of Shawn Pham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Shawn Pham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Many times we navigate through the world feeling lost, alone, and even scared. We may tell ourselves that "nobody understands me," "nobody loves me," or "people have it much worst than I do, so why do I deserve to be kind to myself." Many of us tell ourselves some sort of variation of these things from time to time. Some of us may tell ourselves these statements on the daily basis. Come join me as we explore your relationship with yourself as well as your relationship with others.
Many times we navigate through the world feeling lost, alone, and even scared. We may tell ourselves that "nobody understands me," "nobody loves me," or "people have it much worst than I do, so why do I deserve to be kind to myself." Many of us tell ourselves some sort of variation of these things from time to time. Some of us may tell ourselves these statements on the daily basis. Come join me as we explore your relationship with yourself as well as your relationship with others.
(571) 470-5557 View (571) 470-5557
Photo of Bernadette Landry, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Bernadette Landry
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22031
Working with a psychotherapist in individual therapy can be the key in generating positive change and real growth. Devoted to providing therapy to individuals, couples and families of all ages and populations, I have numerous years of experience in a variety of settings including private practices in the Northern VA area, substance abuse treatment centers and most recently, the Fairfax-Falls Church Community Services Board (CSB). I have a personal interest in working with severe-mental illness and running Dialectal Behavior Therapy Groups.
Working with a psychotherapist in individual therapy can be the key in generating positive change and real growth. Devoted to providing therapy to individuals, couples and families of all ages and populations, I have numerous years of experience in a variety of settings including private practices in the Northern VA area, substance abuse treatment centers and most recently, the Fairfax-Falls Church Community Services Board (CSB). I have a personal interest in working with severe-mental illness and running Dialectal Behavior Therapy Groups.
(571) 777-0348 View (571) 777-0348
Photo of Linda Thimons, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Linda Thimons
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with fourteen years of experience. My counseling approaches and interventions include person-centered therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, trauma informed care, and more. I specialize in working with addiction, anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, and mood disorders. I encourage my clients to define their success and progress by setting goals and defining what progress looks like for them. I will be that support and guidance on their path toward growth.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with fourteen years of experience. My counseling approaches and interventions include person-centered therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, trauma informed care, and more. I specialize in working with addiction, anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, and mood disorders. I encourage my clients to define their success and progress by setting goals and defining what progress looks like for them. I will be that support and guidance on their path toward growth.
(571) 554-2703 View (571) 554-2703
Photo of Stephanie Hall Rutledge, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Stephanie Hall Rutledge
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
In addition to maintaining a clinical practice, I am chair and professor in the Department of Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Emory & Henry. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, specializing in grief counseling, trauma work, relationship concerns, and family conflict. I am an LGBTQ+ affirmative therapist. I am also trained in experiential modalities including Equine Assisted Psychotherapy and EMDR. Please reach out if you would like to schedule a quick call to see if we would be a good team!
In addition to maintaining a clinical practice, I am chair and professor in the Department of Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Emory & Henry. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, specializing in grief counseling, trauma work, relationship concerns, and family conflict. I am an LGBTQ+ affirmative therapist. I am also trained in experiential modalities including Equine Assisted Psychotherapy and EMDR. Please reach out if you would like to schedule a quick call to see if we would be a good team!
(571) 506-6491 View (571) 506-6491
Photo of Apryl Sydnor, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fairfax, VA
Apryl Sydnor
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
I have over 10 years combined experience working in community mental health and therapeutic day settings. My professional journey includes individual, crisis and group counseling. Clients have represented different cultural groups with mental health concerns. Through my clinical experience, I have developed a particular interest in working with people experiencing concerns related to cultural identity, trauma and sexual violence, anxiety, and mood disturbances. I take a Multicultural, Gestalt, Cognitive-Behavioral, and Trauma Informed Care approach to increase awareness and enhance adaptive interpersonal skills.
I have over 10 years combined experience working in community mental health and therapeutic day settings. My professional journey includes individual, crisis and group counseling. Clients have represented different cultural groups with mental health concerns. Through my clinical experience, I have developed a particular interest in working with people experiencing concerns related to cultural identity, trauma and sexual violence, anxiety, and mood disturbances. I take a Multicultural, Gestalt, Cognitive-Behavioral, and Trauma Informed Care approach to increase awareness and enhance adaptive interpersonal skills.
(571) 200-3525 View (571) 200-3525
Photo of Diane Marie Hoekstra, Psychologist in Fairfax, VA
Diane Marie Hoekstra
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
As a therapist, I have a supportive but directive approach to therapy. My approach to therapy is collaborative with my clients. I emphasize how one's internal working model of relationships impacts present relationships, mood, and overall quality of life. I am very focused in my work and believe in educating the client about the process of therapy. You can view my website at www.drdianehoekstra.com.
As a therapist, I have a supportive but directive approach to therapy. My approach to therapy is collaborative with my clients. I emphasize how one's internal working model of relationships impacts present relationships, mood, and overall quality of life. I am very focused in my work and believe in educating the client about the process of therapy. You can view my website at www.drdianehoekstra.com.
(540) 212-2374 x101 View (540) 212-2374 x101
Photo of EverWhen Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
EverWhen Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
EverWhen Therapy assists clients in helping them manage the emotions they experience in their daily lives through a strengths-based approach. During times of high stress, self-care and emotional support help improve overall functioning. Our clients are encouraged to focus on their ability to effectively cope with and manage emotions, process new experiences, and identify personal strengths. It is of the upmost importance to establish rapport and foster a safe environment for clients that encourages creative and/or verbal expression. Treatment plans are developed based on the client's areas of need.
EverWhen Therapy assists clients in helping them manage the emotions they experience in their daily lives through a strengths-based approach. During times of high stress, self-care and emotional support help improve overall functioning. Our clients are encouraged to focus on their ability to effectively cope with and manage emotions, process new experiences, and identify personal strengths. It is of the upmost importance to establish rapport and foster a safe environment for clients that encourages creative and/or verbal expression. Treatment plans are developed based on the client's areas of need.
(571) 200-1565 View (571) 200-1565
Photo of Susan A Etkind, Psychologist in Fairfax, VA
Susan A Etkind
Psychologist, PsyD, PhD
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
I provide individual therapy to clientele affected by both short-term and longer-term difficulties. I enjoy working with children as well as with adults. With children, I work with presenting issues including anxiety, depression, anger management, behavioral challenges, stress management, coping skill development and refinement, and adjustment difficulties (including to the pandemic). I structure my sessions with youth and their families using a hybrid model, spending half of each session working with the parent(s) to refine a variety of parenting skills, and half of each session working directly with the child.
I provide individual therapy to clientele affected by both short-term and longer-term difficulties. I enjoy working with children as well as with adults. With children, I work with presenting issues including anxiety, depression, anger management, behavioral challenges, stress management, coping skill development and refinement, and adjustment difficulties (including to the pandemic). I structure my sessions with youth and their families using a hybrid model, spending half of each session working with the parent(s) to refine a variety of parenting skills, and half of each session working directly with the child.
(571) 989-6928 View (571) 989-6928
Photo of Meghan Pugliese, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Meghan Pugliese
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
With over 10 years of clinical experience, I love working with young adults, couples, and older adolescents. My goal is to create a space for you to feel seen, heard, and understood. I work hard to build meaningful connections with my clients to help promote change. I use a strength-based approach to help my clients better understand themselves and one another.
With over 10 years of clinical experience, I love working with young adults, couples, and older adolescents. My goal is to create a space for you to feel seen, heard, and understood. I work hard to build meaningful connections with my clients to help promote change. I use a strength-based approach to help my clients better understand themselves and one another.
(202) 516-7667 View (202) 516-7667
Photo of Insightful-healing.com in Fairfax, VA
Insightful-healing.com
LPC
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
I specialize in PTSD. I am Trauma-Informed and EMDR-informed. We will be a team in your treatment process. I work with adults, couples, and families and have extensive experience with adolescents. Whether it's a couple's communication issues, an out-of-control teenager, anxiety, depression, or significant trauma history, we are a team. Together there are endless opportunities to live your best life. Let's get started today.
I specialize in PTSD. I am Trauma-Informed and EMDR-informed. We will be a team in your treatment process. I work with adults, couples, and families and have extensive experience with adolescents. Whether it's a couple's communication issues, an out-of-control teenager, anxiety, depression, or significant trauma history, we are a team. Together there are endless opportunities to live your best life. Let's get started today.
(571) 470-5513 View (571) 470-5513
Photo of Alpha Omega Clinic, Psychologist in Fairfax, VA
Alpha Omega Clinic
Psychologist, PsyD, LCSW-C, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22031
Our mission is to promote mental health and marriage & family flourishing through quality, affordable mental health services that are integrated with the fullness of the Catholic faith. We offer individual, couples and family psychotherapy, as well as psychological and psychoeducational assessments. Our clinicians are trained in the resolution of a broad range of psychological, emotional, social and educational problems, and remain faithful to the Magisterium of the Catholic Church.
Our mission is to promote mental health and marriage & family flourishing through quality, affordable mental health services that are integrated with the fullness of the Catholic faith. We offer individual, couples and family psychotherapy, as well as psychological and psychoeducational assessments. Our clinicians are trained in the resolution of a broad range of psychological, emotional, social and educational problems, and remain faithful to the Magisterium of the Catholic Church.
(571) 946-5907 View (571) 946-5907
Photo of Melissa Addessi, Resident in Counseling in Fairfax, VA
Melissa Addessi
Resident in Counseling, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Seeking a compassionate guide for your journey? Look no further. I offer empathetic, judgment-free support to help you navigate challenges and embark on transformation. My person-centered approach ensures a tailored experience. By actively listening and asking thoughtful questions, I empower you to discover solutions that resonate with your unique needs, fostering autonomy. Using cognitive-behavioral therapy, I assist in gaining control over thoughts and behaviors. Together, we reshape negative patterns, cultivating a positive mindset. Mindfulness enhances self-awareness, providing tools for stress management.
Seeking a compassionate guide for your journey? Look no further. I offer empathetic, judgment-free support to help you navigate challenges and embark on transformation. My person-centered approach ensures a tailored experience. By actively listening and asking thoughtful questions, I empower you to discover solutions that resonate with your unique needs, fostering autonomy. Using cognitive-behavioral therapy, I assist in gaining control over thoughts and behaviors. Together, we reshape negative patterns, cultivating a positive mindset. Mindfulness enhances self-awareness, providing tools for stress management.
(571) 777-0233 View (571) 777-0233
Photo of Karl Fray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Karl Fray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Virginia. In 2017, I received my Master’s in Social Work from Temple University, and I have been in the field for 7 years and have been licensed for two years. My main population to focus on is Adults who are struggling with Depression and Anxiety due to a shift or change in their overall wellbeing.
Hi, I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Virginia. In 2017, I received my Master’s in Social Work from Temple University, and I have been in the field for 7 years and have been licensed for two years. My main population to focus on is Adults who are struggling with Depression and Anxiety due to a shift or change in their overall wellbeing.
(571) 546-3191 View (571) 546-3191
Photo of Kendra D Smith, Supervisee in Clinical Social Work in Fairfax, VA
Kendra D Smith
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
As a dedicated and compassionate Master of Social Work (MSW) professional currently working towards licensure as a Clinical Social Worker, I am passionate about empowering individuals to overcome life's challenges. I am committed to providing a supportive and growth-oriented space for those seeking guidance and healing. I believe that using tools such as CBT, DBT, solution-focused work, and trauma-informed interventions can allow people the opportunity to grow into the person they desire. I am currently under the supervision of Heather Harper, LCSW, ensuring that I adhere to the highest ethical and professional standards.
As a dedicated and compassionate Master of Social Work (MSW) professional currently working towards licensure as a Clinical Social Worker, I am passionate about empowering individuals to overcome life's challenges. I am committed to providing a supportive and growth-oriented space for those seeking guidance and healing. I believe that using tools such as CBT, DBT, solution-focused work, and trauma-informed interventions can allow people the opportunity to grow into the person they desire. I am currently under the supervision of Heather Harper, LCSW, ensuring that I adhere to the highest ethical and professional standards.
(540) 692-3922 View (540) 692-3922

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fairfax, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Fairfax, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
72% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
63% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% Cigna and Evernorth
58% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Fairfax, VA see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fairfax?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.